Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Revascularization Index as a Predictor for Primary Endovascular Intervention Outcome

References

• Song P, Rudan D, Zhu Y, et al. Global, regional and national prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2015: an updated systematic review and analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(8):e1020–e1030. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30255-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase-Vilchez AZ, Chan IHY, Sanne AE, Peters SAP, Woodward M. Diabetes as a risk factor for incident peripheral arterial disease in women compared to men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19:151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Delaimy WK, Merchant AT, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Effect of type 2 diabetes and its duration on the risk of peripheral arterial disease among men. Am J Med. 2004;116(4):236–240. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.09.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marso SP, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(5):921–929. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.065
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies MG. Critical limb ischemia: epidemiology. Methodist DebakeyCardiovasc J. 2012;8(4):10‐14.
   Google Scholar
• Hardman RL, Jazaeri O, Yi J, Smith M, Gupta R. Overview of classification systems in peripheral artery disease. SeminIntervent Radiol. 2014;31(4):378–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, et al. Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019;58(1):s109–s133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes JA, Eid MA, Creager MA, Goodney PP. Epidemiology and risk of amputation in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40(8):1808–1817. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Met R, Bipat S, Legemate DA, Reekers JA, Koelemay MJ. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography angiography in peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009;301(4):415–424. doi:10.1001/jama.301.4.415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firnhaber J, Powell CS. Lower extremity peripheral artery disease diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(6):362–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topfer LA, Spry C. New technologies for the treatment of peripheral artery disease. 2018 April 1. In: CADTH Issues in Emerging Health Technologies. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2016:172. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519606/. Accessed July 13, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Kinlay S. Management of Chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9(2):e001946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135(12):e686–e725. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berg JC. Angiosome perfusion of the foot: an old theory or a new issue? Semin Vasc Surg. 2018;31(2–4):56–65. doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2018.12.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biagioni RB, Biagioni LC, Nasser F, et al. Infra popliteal angioplasty of one or more than one artery for critical limb ischemia: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Vasc Endo Vascular Surg. 2018;55(4):518–527. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.12.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FG; TASC II Working Group. Inter-Society Consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45(Suppl S):S5–S67. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2006.12.037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollinger A, Breddin K, Hess H, et al. Semi quantitative assessment of lower limb atherosclerosis from routine angiographic images. Atherosclerosis. 1981;38(3–4):339–346. doi:10.1016/0021-9150(81)90050-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerqueira LO, Duarte Júnior EG, Barros ALS, Cerqueira JR, Araújo WJB. WIfI classification: the Society for Vascular Surgery lower extremity threatened limb classification system, a literature review. J Vasc Bras. 2020;19:e20190070. doi:10.1590/1677-5449.190070
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mills JL Sr, Conte MS, Armstrong DG, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:220–234.e1–2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srivaratharajan K, Abramason B. Women and peripheral arterial disease: a review of sex differences in epidemiology, clinical manifestations and outcome. Can J Cardiol. 2018;34:356–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanska A, Sypniewskay G, Senterkiewicz L. Inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk in healthy Polish women across the menopausal transition. Clin Chem. 2005;51(10):1893–1895. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.052191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teodorescu VJ, Vavra AK, Kibbe MR. Peripheral arterial disease in women. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57(4):18s–26s. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.10.115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu JT, Creager MA. The relationship of cigarette smoking to peripheral arterial disease. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2004;5(4):189–193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu M, Zhang W, Yan Z, Yuan X. Smoking increase the risk of diabetic foot amputation: a meta-analysis. ExpTher Med. 2018;15(2):1680–1685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilhotra RA, Rodrigues BT, Vangaveti VN, Malabu UH. Prevalence and risk factors of lower limb amputation in patients with end-stage renal failure on dialysis: a systematic review. Int J Nephrol. 2016;ID 4870749:7. doi:10.1155/2016/4870749
   Google Scholar
• Meloni M, Izzo V, Giurato L, et al. Recurrence of chronic limb-threatening ischemia after endovascular intervention in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Adv Wound Care. 2018;7(6):171–176. doi:10.1089/wound.2017.0778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darling JD, McCallum JC, Soden PA, et al. Predictive ability of the SVS WIfI classification system following first-time lower extremity revascularizations. J Vasc Surg. 2017;65(3):695–704. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2016.09.055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboyansa V, Riccoa J-B, Bartelinka MLEL. 2017 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases, in collaboration with the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2018;55:305–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiruvoipati T, Kielhorn CE, Armstrong EJ. Peripheral artery disease in patients with diabetes: epidemiology, mechanisms, and outcomes. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(7):961–969. doi:10.4239/wjd.v6.i7.961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez MI, Vicente S, Criado F, et al. Below-the-Knee revascularization of critical limb ischemia in diabetic patients. Vasc Dis Manag. 2020;17(7):e150–e154.
   Google Scholar
• Meecham L, Bate G, Patel S, Bradbury AWA. Comparison of clinical outcomes following femoropopliteal bypass or plain balloon angioplasty with selective bare metal stenting in the bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischemia of the limb (BASIL). Trial Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019;58:52–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biscetti F, Nardella E, Rando MM, et al. Review outcomes of lower extremity endovascular revascularization: potential predictors and prevention strategies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;2002. doi:10.3390/ijms22042002
   Google Scholar
• Faglia E, Paola LD, Clerici G, et al. Peripheral angioplasty as the first-choice revascularization procedure in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia: prospective study of 993 consecutive patients hospitalized and followed between 1999 and 2003. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005;29(6):620–627. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.02.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spreen MI, Martens JM, Hansen BE, et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and drug eluting stents for infrapopliteal lesions in critical limb ischemia (PADI) trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9(2):e002376. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002376
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff S, Mafilios MS, Bhounsule P, Hasegawa JT. The burden of chronic limb-threatening ischemia: a review of recent literature. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2019;15:187–208. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S209241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumpio BE, Forsythe RO, Ziegler KR, van Baal JG, Lepantalo MJA, Hinchliffe RJ. Clinical implications of the angiosome model in peripheral vascular disease. J Vasc Surg. 2013;58(3):814–826. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckman JA, Creager MA, Libby P. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. JAMA. 2002;287(19):2570–2581. doi:10.1001/jama.287.19.2570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor GI, Palmer JH. The vascular territories (angiosomes) of the body: experimental study and Clinical applications. Br J Plast Surg. 1987;40(2):113–141. doi:10.1016/0007-1226(87)90185-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Attinger CE, Evans KK, Bulan E, Blume P, Cooper P. Angiosomes of the foot and ankle and clinical implications for limb salvage: reconstruction, incisions, and revascularization. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(suppl 7):261S–293S. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000222582.84385.54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uccioli L, Meloni M, Izzo V, Giurato L, Merolla S, Gandini R. Critical limb ischemia: current challenges and future prospects. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2018;2018:14 63–74.
   Google Scholar
• Biancari F, Juvonen T. Angiosome-targeted lower limb revascularization for ischemic foot wounds: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J VascEndovasc Surg. 2014;47(5):517–522. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.12.010
   Google Scholar
• Farber A, Menard MT, Conte MS, et al. Surgery or endovascular therapy for chronic limb-threatening ischemia. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(25):2305–2316. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2207899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShKabra A, Suresh KR, Vivekanand V. Outcomes of angiosome and non-angiosome targeted revascularization in critical lower limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57(1):44–49. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2012.07.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faglia E, Clerici G, Scatena A, et al. Severity of demographic and clinical characteristics, revascularization feasibility, major amputation, and mortality rate in diabetic patients admitted to a tertiary diabetic foot center for critical limb ischemia: comparison of 2 cohorts recruited at a 10-year distance. Ann Vas Surg. 2014;28(7):1729–1736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uccioli L, Gandini R, Giurato L, et al. Long-term outcomes of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia in diabetic foot patients followed in a tertiary referral diabetic foot clinic. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):977–982. doi:10.2337/dc09-0831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar