References
- PeroniDGPiacentiniGLBodiniARigottiEPigozziRBonerALPrevalence and risk factors for atopic dermatitis in preschool childrenBr J Dermatol2008158353954318067476
- SmidesangISaunesMStorroOAtopic dermatitis among 2-year olds; high prevalence, but predominantly mild disease–the PACT study, NorwayPediatr Dermatol2008251131818304146
- KjaerHFEllerEHostAAndersenKEBindslev-JensenCThe prevalence of allergic diseases in an unselected group of 6-year-old children. The DARC birth cohort studyPediatr Allergy Immunol200819873774518318699
- LaughterDIstvanJATofteSJHanifinJMThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon schoolchildrenJ Am Acad Dermatol200043464965511004621
- WilliamsHStewartAvonMCooksonWAndersonHIs eczema really on the increase worldwide?J Allergy Clin Immun2008121494795418155278
- SpergelJMPallerASAtopic dermatitis and the atopic marchJ Allergy Clin Immunol20031126 SupplS11812714657842
- PalmerCNIrvineADTerron-KwiatkowskiACommon loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitisNat Genet200638444144616550169
- WeidingerSO’SullivanMIlligTFilaggrin mutations, atopic eczema, hay fever, and asthma in childrenJ Allergy Clin Immunol2008121512031209e120118396323
- BieberTAtopic dermatitisN Engl J Med2008358141483149418385500
- EliasPMHatanoYWilliamsMLBasis for the barrier abnormality in atopic dermatitis: outside-inside-outside pathogenic mechanismsJ Allergy Clin Immunol200812161337134318329087
- ChamlinSLKaoJFriedenIJCeramide-dominant barrier repair lipids alleviate childhood atopic dermatitis: changes in barrier function provide a sensitive indicator of disease activityJ Am Acad Dermatol200247219820812140465
- BacharierLBGehaRSMolecular mechanisms of IgE regulationJ Allergy Clin Immunol20001052 Pt 2S547S55810669540
- HamidQBoguniewiczMLeungDYMDifferential in situ cytokine gene expression in acute versus chronic atopic dermatitisJ Clin Invest1994948708768040343
- HamidQNaseerTMinshallESongYBoguniewiczMLeungDIn vivo expression of IL-12 and IL-13 in atopic dermatitisJ Allergy Clin Immunol1996982252318765838
- LeungDYMAtopic dermatitis: New insights and opportunities for therapeutic interventionJ Allergy Clin Immuno20001055860876
- AkdisMBlaserKAkdisCAT regulatory cells in allergy: novel concepts in the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of allergic diseasesJ Allergy Clin Immunol20051165961968 quiz 96916275361
- AkdisCAAkdisMBieberTDiagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus ReportAllergy200661896998716867052
- WerfelTBreuerKRole of food allergy in atopic dermatitisCurr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol20044537938515349037
- EigenmannPASichererSHBorkowskiTACohenBASampsonHAPrevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy among children with atopic dermatitisPediatrics19981013E89481027
- SichererSHSampsonHAFood hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and managementJ Allergy Clin Immunol19991043 Pt 2S114S12210482862
- LeverRMacDonaldCWaughPAitchisonTRandomised controlled trial of advice on an egg exclusion diet in young children with atopic eczema and sensitivity to eggsPediatr Allergy Immunol19989113199560837
- WoodmanseeDPChristiansenSCImprovement in atopic dermatitis in infants with the introduction of an elemental formulaJ Allergy Clin Immunol2001108230911496254
- Schmid-GrendelmeierPSimonDSimonHUAkdisCAWuthrichBEpidemiology, clinical features, and immunology of the “intrinsic” (non-IgE-mediated) type of atopic dermatitis (constitutional dermatitis)Allergy200156984184911551248
- WangIJLinYTYangYHCorrelation between age and allergens in pediatric atopic dermatitisAnn Allergy Asthma Immunol200493433433815521368
- TuftLHeckVMStudies in atopic dermatitis. IV. Importance of seasonal inhalant allergens, especially ragweedJ Allergy195223652854012990302
- TupkerRADe MonchyJGCoenraadsPJHomanAvan der MeerJBInduction of atopic dermatitis by inhalation of house dust miteJ Allergy Clin Immunol1996975106410708626983
- LeungDYNicklasRALiJTDisease management of atopic dermatitis: an updated practice parameter. Joint Task Force on Practice ParametersAnn Allergy Asthma Immunol2004933 Suppl 2S1S2115478395
- HughesJRustinMCorticosteroidsClin Dermatol19971557157219313970
- FurueMTeraoHRikihisaWClinical dose and adverse effects of topical steroids in daily management of atopic dermatitisBr J Dermatol2003148112813312534606
- BodeHHDwarfism following long-term topical corticosteroid therapyJAMA198024488138147392193
- HillCJRostenbergAJrAdverse effects from topical steroidsCutis1978215624628148350
- RaoVUApterAJSteroid phobia and adherence – problems, solutions, impact on benefit/risk profileImmunol Allergy Clin North Am200525358159516054544
- FDAElidel 1% Cream (Pimecrolimus): Packet InsertWashington DCFederal Drug Adminstration2001
- AlaitiSKangSFiedlerVCTacrolimus (FK506) ointment for atopic dermatitis: a phase I study in adults and childrenJ Am Acad Dermatol199838169769448208
- SpergelJMImmunology and treatment of atopic dermatitisAm J Clin Dermatol20089423324418572974
- HultschTKappASpergelJImmunomodulation and safety of topical calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitisDermatology2005211217418716088174
- EichenfieldLFThaciDde ProstYPuigLPaulCClinical management of atopic eczema with pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel) in paediatric patientsDermatology2007215 Suppl 131718174689
- MeurerMLubbeJKappASchneiderDThe role of pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel)) in managing adult atopic eczemaDermatology2007215 Suppl 1182618174690
- KappAPappKBinghamALong-term management of atopic dermatitis in infants with topical pimecrolimus, a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugJ Allergy Clin Immun2002110227728412170269
- HanifinJThurstonMOmotoMCherillRTofteSGraeberMThe eczema area and severity index (EASI): assessment of reliability in atopic dermatitis. EASI Evaluator GroupExp Dermatol2001101111811168575
- EichenfieldLLuckyABoguniewiczMSafety and efficacy of pimecrolimus (ASM 981) cream 1% in the treatment of mild and moderate atopic dermatitis in children and adolescentsJ Am Acad Dermatol200246449550411907497
- HoVGuptaAKaufmannRToddGVanaclochaFTakaokaRFolster-HolstRPotterPMarshallKThurstonMBushCCherillRSafety and efficacy of nonsteroid pimecrolimus cream 1% in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in infantsJ Pediatr200314215516212584537
- MeurerMLubbeJKappASchneiderDThe role of pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel) in managing adult atopic eczemaDermatology20072151182618174690
- WahnUBosJDGoodfieldMEfficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in childrenPediatrics20021101 Pt 1e212093983
- PappKWerfelTFolster-HolstRLong-term control of atopic dermatitis with pimecrolimus cream 1% in infants and young children: a two-year studyJ Am Acad Dermatol20055224024615692468
- HanrahanJChooPCarlsonWGreinederDFaichGPlattRTerfenadine associated ventricular arrhythmias and QTc prolongationAnn Epidemiol1995532012097606309
- MeurerMFartaschMAlbrechtGFor The CASM-DEStudy Group: Long-term efficacy and safety of pimecrolimus cream 1% in adults with moderate atopic dermatitisDermatology200420836537215178928
- KaufmannRBieberTHelgesenALOnset of pruritus relief with pimecrolimus cream 1% in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: a randomized trialAllergy20066137538116436149
- LubbeJDegreefHHofmannHClinical use of pimecrolimus cream in atopic eczema: A 6-month open-label trial in 947 patientsJ Eur Acad Dermatol Venerol2003173183 (abstr 182.139)
- PappKStaabDHarperJEffect of pimecrolimus cream 1% on the long-term course of pediatric atopic dermatitisInt J Dermatol20044397898315569038
- HanifinJGuptaAKRajagopalanRIntermittent dosing of fluticasone propionate cream for reducing the risk of relapse in atopic dermatitis patientsBr J Dermatol2002147352853712207596
- Berth-JonesJDamstraRJGolschSTwice weekly fluticasone propionate added to emollient maintenance treatment to reduce risk of relapse in atopic dermatitis: randomised, double blind, parallel group studyBMJ20033267403136712816824
- BrenemanDFleischerABJrAbramovitsWIntermittent therapy for flare prevention and long-term disease control in stabilized atopic dermatitis: a randomized comparison of 3-times-weekly applications of tacrolimus ointment versus vehicleJ Am Acad Dermatol200858699099918359127
- PallerASEichenfieldLFKirsnerRSShullTJaraczESimpsonELThree times weekly tacrolimus ointment reduces relapse in stabilized atopic dermatitis: a new paradigm for usePediatrics20081226e1210e121819015204
- WollenbergAReitamoSAtzoriFProactive treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults with 0.1% tacrolimus ointmentAllergy2008636742750
- ThaciDReitamoSGonzalez EnsenatMAProactive disease management with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment for children with atopic dermatitis: results of a randomized, multicentre, comparative studyBr J Dermatol200815961348135618782319
- BonifaziEGarofaloLPisaniVMeneghiniCLRole of some infectious agents in atopic dermatitisActa Derm Venereo198511498100
- RystedtIStrannegardILStrannegardORecurrent viral infections in patients with past or present atopic dermatitisBr J Dermatol19861145755823718847
- LugerTLahfaMFolster-HolstRLong-term safety and tolerability of pimecrolimus cream 1% and topical corticosteroids in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitisJ Dermatolog Treat200415110
- PaulCCorkMRossiABPappKABarbierNde ProstYSafety and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus cream among infants: experience with 1133 patients treated for up to 2 yearsPediatrics2006117e118e12816361223
- EichenfieldLThacibTde ProstcYPuigdLPauleCClinical Management of Atopic Eczema with Pimecrolimus Cream 1% (Elidel®) in Paediatric PatientsDermatology2007215131718174689
- ArellanoFWentworthCEAranaAFernandezCPaulCERisk of lymphoma following exposure to calcineurin inhibitors and topical steroids in patients with atopic dermatitisJ Invest Dermatol200712780881617096020
- HanifinJRajkaGDiagnostic features of atopic dermatitisActa Derm Venereol1980924447
- GollnickHKaufmannRStoughDPimecrolimus cream 1% in the long-term management of adult atopic dermatitis: prevention of flare progression. A randomized controlled trialBr J Dermatol200815851083109318341665
- MeurerMFolster-HolstRWozelGWeidingerGJungerMBrautigamMPimecrolimus cream in the long-term management of atopic dermatitis in adults: a six-month studyDermatology2002205327127712399676