183
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Pulmonary epithelium, cigarette smoke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

&
Pages 409-428 | Published online: 20 Oct 2022

References

  • AaronSDAngelJBLunauM2001Granulocyte inflammatory markers and airway infection during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1633495511179105
  • AkiraSTakedaK2004Toll-like receptor signallingNat Rev Immunol449951115229469
  • ArcangeliGCupelliVGiulianoG2001Effects of silica on human lung fibroblast in cultureSci Total Environ270135911327386
  • ArmstrongLMedfordARLUppingtonKM2004Expression of functional Toll-like receptor-2 and −4 on alveolar epithelial cellsAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology31241515044215
  • AvissarNFinkelsteinJNHorowitzS1996Extracellular glutathione peroxidase in human lung epithelial lining fluid and in lung cellsAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology270L17382
  • BaginskiTKDabbaghKSatjawatcharaphongC2006Cigarette smoke synergistically enhances respiratory mucin induction by proinflammatory stimuliAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology351657416543607
  • BarnesPJ1998New therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax53137479624300
  • BarnesPJAdcockIMItoK2005Histone acetylation and deacetylation: importance in inflammatory lung diseasesEuropean Respiratory Journal255526315738302
  • BarnesPJ2004Mediators of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePharmacological Reviews565154815602009
  • BartonBE1997IL-6: Insights into novel biological activitiesClinical Immunology and Immunopathology8516209325064
  • BeehKMBeierJKornmannO2003Sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotinease-1, and their molar ratio in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and healthy subjectsRespir Med97634912814147
  • BerndtADerksenFJVentaPJ2007Elevated amount of Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA in bronchial epithelial cells is associated with airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstructionAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology292L9364317158595
  • BingleLTetleyTDBingleCD2001Cytokine-mediated induction of the human elafin gene in pulmonary epithelial cells is regulated by nuclear factor-kappa BAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology25849111472979
  • BleckBTseDBJaspersI2006Diesel exhaust particle-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells induce dendritic cell maturationThe Journal of Immunology1767431716751388
  • BorokZLubmanRLDantoSI1998Keratinocyte growth factor modulates alveolar epithelial cell phenotype in vitro: expression of aquaporin-5Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol18554619533944
  • BowlerRPBarnesPJCrapoJD2004The role of oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOPD12557717136992
  • BrackeKRD’HulstAIMaesT2006Cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation and emphysema are attenuated in CCR6-deficient miceThe Journal of Immunology1774350916982869
  • BrownDJLinBChwaM2004Elements of the nitric oxide pathway can degrade TIMP-1 and increase gelatinase activityMol Vis10281815105792
  • BucchioniEKharitonovSAAllegraL2003High levels of inter-leukin-6 in the exhaled breath condensate of patients with COPDRespiratory Medicine97129930214682411
  • BuhlingFWaldburgNReisenauerA2004Lysosomal cysteine proteases in the lung: role in protein processing and immunoregulationEuropean Respiratory Journal23620815083765
  • BurgelPRNadelJA2004Roles of epidermal growth factor receptor activation in epithelial cell repair and mucin production in airway epitheliumThorax59992615516478
  • CantinAMNorthSLHubbardRC1987Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathioneJournal of Applied Physiology6315273040659
  • CardozoCKurtzCLesserM1992Degradation of rat lung collagens by cathepsin B. J Lab Clin.Med11916975
  • ChapmanHARieseRJShiGP1997Emerging roles for cysteine proteases in human biology. Annu.Rev Physiol596388
  • ChurchTPryorWA1985Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ.Health Perspect6411126
  • ChurgADaiJTaiH2002Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} is central to acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and connective tissue breakdownAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1668495412231496
  • ChurgAWangRDTaiH2003Macrophage metalloelastase mediates acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammation via tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} releaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1671083912522030
  • ComhairSAABhathenaPRFarverC2001Extracellular glutathione peroxidase induction in asthmatic lungs: evidence for redox regulation of expression in human airway epithelial cellsThe FASEB Journal1570811149894
  • CookWWebbW1966Surfactant in chronic smokersAnn Thorac Surg2327335954467
  • CosioMGHaleKANiewoehnerDE1980Morphologic and morphometric effects of prolonged cigarette smoking on the small airwaysAm Rev Respir Dis122265717416603
  • DanahayHJacksonAD2005Epithelial mucus-hypersecretion and respiratory diseaseCurr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy46516417305521
  • de BoerWISontJKvan SchadewijkA2000Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin 8, and chronic airways inflammation in COPDJ Pathol1906192610727989
  • DeForgeLEPrestonAMTakeuchiE1993Regulation of interleukin 8 gene expression by oxidant stressJournal of Biological Chemistry26825568768244994
  • DemedtsIKBrackeKRVan PottelbergeG2007Accumulation of dendritic cells and increased CCL20 levels in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine175998100517332482
  • DemeoDLMarianiTJLangeC2006The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Hum Genet782536416358219
  • DesrochersPEJeffreyJJWeissSJ1991Interstitial collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-1) expresses serpinase activityJ Clin Invest872258651645757
  • DignettiP2002Cytokine concentrations in induced sputum of mild COPD patients. Correlation to clinical response to inhaled corticosteroidsEuropean Respiratory Journal20Suppl 38309s
  • DinarelloCA1998Interleukin-1{beta}, interleukin-18, and the interleukin-1{beta} converting enzymeAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences8561119917859
  • DobashiKAsayamaKHayashibeH1993Immunohistochemical study of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases in the lungs of human fetuses and newborn infants: developmental profile and alterations in hyaline membrane disease and bronchopulmonary dysplasiaVirchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol423177848236811
  • DriscollKEHassenbeinDGCarterJM1995TNF alpha and increased chemokine expression in rat lung after particle exposureToxicol Lett82834839
  • DroemannDGoldmannTBranscheidD2003Toll-like receptor 2 is expressed by alveolar epithelial cells type II and macrophages in the human lungHistochem. Cell Biol119103812610729
  • DrostEMSelbyCLannanS1992Changes in neutrophil deformability following in vitro smoke exposure: mechanism and protectionAm J Respir Cell Mol Biol6287951311595
  • ErmertMPantazisCDunckerH-R2003In situ localization of TNF[alpha]/[beta], TACE AND TNF receptors TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in control and LPS-treated lung tissueCytokine228910012849708
  • Farioli-VecchioliSNardacciRFalciatoriI2001Catalase immunocytochemistry allows automatic detection of lung type II alveolar cellsHistochem. Cell Biol115333911405062
  • FinleyTNLadmanAJ1972Low yield of pulmonary surfactant in cigarette smokersN Engl J Med28622375066599
  • FramptonMWGhioAJSametJM1999Effects of aqueous extracts of PM10 filters from the Utah Valley on human airway epithelial cellsAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology277L9607
  • FrearsERZhangZBlakeDR1996Inactivation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by peroxynitriteFEBS Lett3812148641430
  • FrerkingIGuntherASeegerW2001Pulmonary surfactant: functions, abnormalities and therapeutic optionsIntensive Care Medicine27169971711810113
  • FujimotoKYasuoMUrushibataK2005Airway inflammation during stable and acutely exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEuropean Respiratory Journal25640615802337
  • FukeSBetsuyakuTNasuharaY2004Chemokines in bronchiolar epithelium in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology314051215220136
  • GearingAJBeckettPChristodoulouM1994Processing of tumour necrosis factor-alpha precursor by metalloproteinasesNature37055578052310
  • GenschEGallupMSucherA2004Tobacco smoke control of mucin production in lung cells requires oxygen radicals AP-1 and JNKJournal of Biological Chemistry279390859315262961
  • GirodSZahmJMPlotkowskiC1992Role of the physiochemical properties of mucus in the protection of the respiratory epitheliumEuropean Respiratory Journal5477871563506
  • GolponHFadokVATaraseviciene-StewartL2004Life after corpse engulfment: phagocytosis of apoptotic cells leads to VEGF secretion and cell growthFASEB J1817161815345697
  • GolponHAColdrenCDZamoraMR2004Emphysema lung tissue gene expression profilingAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology3159560015284076
  • GosmanMMEMarike BoezenHvan DiemenCC2007A disintegrin and metalloprotease 33 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathophysiologyThorax62242717090574
  • HackettNRHeguyAHarveyBG2003Variability of antioxidant-related gene expression in the airway epithelium of cigarette smokersAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology293314312702543
  • HanZJunxuZhongN2003Expression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 within the airways in asthmaRespir Med97563712735676
  • HarjuTKaarteenaho-WiikRSirvioR2004Manganese superoxide dismutase is increased in the airways of smokers’ lungsEuropean Respiratory Journal247657115516670
  • HasdayJDBascomRCostaJJ1999Bacterial endotoxin is an active component of cigarette smokeChest1158293510084499
  • HauberHPTulicMKTsicopoulosA2005Toll-like receptors 4 and 2 expression in the bronchial mucosa of patients with cystic fibrosisCan Respir J12131815776129
  • HertzCJWuQPorterEM2003Activation of Toll-like receptor 2 on human tracheobronchial epithelial cells induces the antimicrobial peptide human {beta} defensin-2The Journal of Immunology1716820614662888
  • HigashimotoYYamagataYItohH2006Complex effect of adenovirus early region proteins on innate immune systemInflamm. Allergy Drug Targets52293717168793
  • HoggJCMacklemPTThurlbeckWM1968Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung diseaseN. Engl J Med2781355605650164
  • HondaYTakahashiHKurokiY1996Decreased contents of surfactant proteins A and D in BAL fluids of healthy smokersChest109100698635323
  • HoshinoYMioTNagaiS2001Cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke extract on an alveolar type II cell-derived cell lineAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology281L5091611435227
  • HoutmeyersEGosselinkRGayan-RamirezG1999Regulation of mucociliary clearance in health and diseaseEuropean Respiratory Journal1311778810414423
  • ItoKItoMElliottWM2005Decreased histone deacetylase activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseN Engl J Med35219677615888697
  • JanardhanKSMcIsaacMFowlieJ2006Toll like receptor-4 expression in lipopolysaccharide induced lung inflammationHistol Histopathol216879616598667
  • JefferyPK1998Structural and inflammatory changes in COPD: a comparison with asthmaThorax531299624299
  • JeyaseelanSChuHWYoungSK2005Distinct roles of pattern recognition receptors CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 in acute lung injuryInfection and Immunity7317546315731076
  • JohnsonDABarrettAJMasonRW1986Cathepsin L inactivates alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by cleavage in the reactive site regionJournal of Biological Chemistry26114748513490478
  • JoshiUMKodavantiPRMehendaleHM1988Glutathione metabolism and utilization of external thiols by cigarette smoke-challenged, isolated rat and rabbit lungsToxicol. Appl Pharmacol96324353194918
  • KabhaKSchmegnerJKeisariY1997SP-A enhances phagocytosis of Klebsiella by interaction with capsular polysaccharides and alveolar macrophagesAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology272L34452
  • KarimiKSarirHMortazE2006Toll-like receptor-4 mediates cigarette smoke-induced cytokine production by human macrophagesRespir Res76616620395
  • KasaharaYTuderRMCoolCD2001Endothelial cell death and decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in emphysemaAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1637374411254533
  • KeatingsVMCollinsPDScottDM1996Differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in induced sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthmaAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine153530348564092
  • KimHJHenkeCASavikSK1997Integrin mediation of alveolar epithelial cell migration on fibronectin and type I collagenAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology273L13441
  • KodeAYangSRRahmanI2006Differential effects of cigarette smoke on oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine release in primary human airway epithelial cells and in a variety of transformed alveolar epithelial cellsRespir Res713217062156
  • KoyamaSSatoETsukadairaA2002Vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and protein expression in airway epithelial cell lines in vitroEuropean Respiratory Journal2014495612503703
  • KoyamaSSatoENomuraH1998Bradykinin stimulates type II alveolar cells to release neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity and inflammatory cytokinesAmerican Journal of Pathology1531885939846978
  • KranenburgARde BoerWIAlagappanVKT2005Enhanced bronchial expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors (Flk-1 and Flt-1) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseThorax601061315681497
  • KuschnerWGD’AlessandroAWongH1996Dose-dependent cigarette smoking-related inflammatory responses in healthy adultsEuropean Respiratory Journal91989948902455
  • LaanMBozinovskiSAndersonGP2004Cigarette smoke inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the activation of activator protein-1 in bronchial epithelial cellsThe Journal of Immunology17341647015356167
  • LannanSDonaldsonKBrownD1994Effect of cigarette smoke and its condensates on alveolar epithelial cell injury in vitroAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology266L92100
  • LarssonLSzponarBPehrsonC2004Tobacco smoking increases dramatically air concentrations of endotoxinIndoor Air14421415500635
  • LaurellCBErikssonS1963The electrophoretic alpha-1-globulin pattern of serum in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiencyScand J Clin Lab Invest1513240
  • LavigneMCEppihimerMJ2005Cigarette smoke condensate induces MMP-12 gene expression in airway-like epitheliaBiochem Biophys Res Commun33019420315781250
  • LiHCuiDTongX2002The role of matrix metalloproteinases in extracellular matrix remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rat modelsChinese Journal of Internal Medicine413938
  • LiWXuYZhangZ2005Activity of matrix metalloproteinase in airway epithelial cells of COPD patientsJ Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci25151416116959
  • LiXYDonaldsonKRahmanI1994An investigation of the role of glutathione in increased epithelial permeability induced by cigarette smoke in vivo and in vitroAm J Respir Crit Care Med1491518258004308
  • LiXYRahmanIDonaldsonK1996Mechanisms of cigarette smoke induced increased airspace permeabilityThorax51465718711672
  • LiuXConnerHKobayashiT2005Cigarette smoke extract induces DNA damage but not apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cellsAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology33121915845867
  • LiuZZhouXShapiroSD2000The serpin alpha1-proteinase inhibitor is a critical substrate for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in vivoCell1026475511007483
  • LowRBDavisGSGiancolaMS1978Biochemical analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of healthy human volunteer smokers and nonsmokersAm Rev Respir Dis11886375736357
  • LozewiczSWellsCGomezE1990Morphological integrity of the bronchial epithelium in mild asthmaThorax4512152321171
  • MaesTBrackeKRVermaelenKY2006Murine TLR4 is implicated in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammationInt Arch Allergy Immunol1413546816940747
  • MaestrelliPSaettaMMappCE2001Remodeling in response to infection and injury. airway inflammation and hypersecretion of mucus in smoking subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine164S768011734472
  • ManciniNMBeneMCGerardH1993Early effects of short-time cigarette smoking on the human lung: a study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluidsLung171277918412308
  • MateosFBrockJFPerez-ArellanoJL1998Iron metabolism in the lower respiratory tractThorax535946009797761
  • MayerAKMuehmerMMagesJ2007Differential recognition of TLR-dependent microbial ligands in human bronchial epithelial cellsThe Journal of Immunology17831344217312161
  • McElroyMCKasperM2004The use of alveolar epithelial type I cell-selective markers to investigate lung injury and repairEuropean Respiratory Journal246647315459148
  • McQuibbanGAGongJHWongJP2002Matrix metalloproteinase processing of monocyte chemoattractant proteins generates CC chemokine receptor antagonists with anti-inflammatory properties in vivoBlood1001160712149192
  • MercerBBrinckerhoffCD’ArmientoJ2006Activation of the MMP-1 promoter by cigarette smoke in human small airway epithelial cells requires ERK MAP kinase signaling: differential response of the 1G and 2G promoter sequencesProceedings of the American Thoracic Society347716921115
  • MioTRombergerDJThompsonAB1997Cigarette smoke induces interleukin-8 release from human bronchial epithelial cellsAm J Respir Crit Care Med155177069154890
  • MorrisonDStrieterRMDonnellySC1998Neutrophil chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and leukocyte-conditioned medium from nonsmokers and smokersEuropean Respiratory Journal121067729863998
  • NeurohrCLenzAGDingI2003Glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit in BAL alveolar macrophages of healthy smokersEuropean Respiratory Journal2282712882455
  • NieJPeiD2004Rapid inactivation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor by neutrophil specific leukolysin/membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 6Exp Cell Res2961455015149845
  • NiewoehnerDEKleinermanJRiceDB1974Pathologic changes in the peripheral airways of young cigarette smokersN Engl J Med29175584414996
  • NodaEHoshinaHWatanabeH2003Production of TNF-alpha by polymorphonuclear leukocytes during mechanical ventilation in the surfactant-depleted rabbit lungPediatr Pulmonol364758114618638
  • NovinecMGrassRNStarkWJ2007Interaction between human cathepsins K,L and S and elastins: mechanism of elastinolysis and inhibition by macromolecular inhibitorsJournal of Biological ChemistryM610107200
  • O’DonnellRARichterAWardJ2004Expression of ErbB receptors and mucins in the airways of long term current smokersThorax5910324015563701
  • OkadaYWatanabeSNakanishiI1988Inactivation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases by neutrophil elastase and other serine proteinasesFEBS Lett229157603162216
  • OliveraDSBoggsSEBeenhouwerC2007Cellular mechanisms of mainstream cigarette smoke-induced lung epithelial tight junction permeability changes in vitroInhal. Toxicol19132217127639
  • PatelISRobertsNJLloyd-OwenSJ2003Airway epithelial inflammatory responses and clinical parameters in COPDEuropean Respiratory Journal2294912882457
  • PatelISSeemungalTARWilksM2002Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbationsThorax577596412200518
  • PauwelsRABuistASCalverleyPMA2001Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) workshop summaryAm J Respir Crit Care Med163125611316667
  • PesciABalbiBMajoriM1998Inflammatory cells and mediators in bronchial lavage of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEuropean Respiratory Journal1238069727789
  • PhamCT2006Neutrophil serine proteases: specific regulators of inflammationNat Rev Immunol65415016799473
  • PorthMC2005Pathophysiology concepts of altered health states7th edNew YorkLippincott Williams and Wilkins
  • ProfitaMChiapparaGMirabellaF2003Effect of cilomilast (Ariflo) on TNF-{alpha}, IL-8, and GM-CSF release by airway cells of patients with COPDThorax58573912832668
  • PryorWAStoneK2007Oxidants in cigarette smoke: radicals hydrogen peroxides peroxynitrate and peroxynitriteAnn N Y Acad Sci6861228
  • RahmanI2005Oxidative stress in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: cellular and molecular mechanismsCell Biochem Biophys431678816043892
  • RahmanILiXYDonaldsonK1995Glutathione homeostasis in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and lung in vivo under oxidative stressAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology269L28592
  • RahmanIMarwickJKirkhamP2004Redox modulation of chromatin remodeling: impact on histone acetylation and deacetylation, NF-kappaB and pro-inflammatory gene expressionBiochem. Pharmacol6812556715313424
  • ReibmanJHsuYChenLC2003Airway epithelial cells release MIP-3{alpha}/CCL20 in response to cytokines and ambient particulate matterAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology2864812760962
  • ReidPTMarsdenMECunninghamGA1999Human neutrophil elastase regulates the expression and secretion of elafin (elastase-specific inhibitor) in type II alveolar epithelial cellsFEBS Lett45733710486558
  • ReillyJJJrChenPSailorLZ1991Cigarette smoking induces an elastolytic cysteine proteinase in macrophages distinct from cathepsin LAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology261L418
  • ReynoldsPRCosioMGHoidalJR2006Cigarette smoke-induced Egr-1 upregulates proinflammatory cytokines in pulmonary epithelial cellsAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology353141916601242
  • RitterMMennerichDWeithA2005Characterization of Toll-like receptors in primary lung epithelial cells: strong impact of the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C) on the regulation of Toll-like receptors, adaptor proteins and inflammatory responseJ Inflamm (Lond)21616316467
  • RogersDF2005The role of airway secretions in COPD: pathophysiology, epidemiology and pharmacotherapeutic optionsCOPD23415317146999
  • RussellREKThorleyACulpittSV2002Alveolar macrophage-mediated elastolysis: roles of matrix metalloproteinases, cysteine, and serine proteasesAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology283L8677312225964
  • RusznakCMillsPRDevaliaJL2000Effect of cigarette smoke on the permeability and IL-1beta and sICAM-1 release from cultured human bronchial epithelial cells of never-smokers, smokers, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology23530611017919
  • SadSMarcotteRMosmannTR1995Cytokine-induced differentiation of precursor mouse CD8+ T cells into cytotoxic CD8+ T cells secreting Th1 or Th2 cytokinesImmunity227197697544
  • SaettaM1998CD8+ T-lymphocytes in peripheral airways of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAm J Respir Crit Care Med15782269517597
  • SaettaMGhezzoHKimWD1985Loss of alveolar attachments in smokers: a morphomaetric correlate of lung function impairmentAm Rev Respir Dis1328949004051324
  • SaettaMTuratoGBaraldoS2000Goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial inflammation in peripheral airways of smokers with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitationAm J Respir Crit Care Med16110162110712357
  • SaitoTYamamotoTKazawaT2005Expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mouseCell Tissue Res321758815902499
  • SakakibaraA1997Possible involvement of phosphorylation of occludin in tight junction formationThe Journal of Cell Biology13713934019182670
  • SallenaveJM2002Antimicrobial activity of antiproteinasesBiochem Soc Trans301111512023836
  • SchmeckBHuberSMoogK2006Pneumococci induced TLR- and Rac1-dependent NF-{kappa}B-recruitment to the IL-8 promoter in lung epithelial cellsAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology290L730716299055
  • SchmekelBBosJHKhanAR1992Integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier and alveolar surfactant system in smokersThorax4760381412116
  • SchonbeckUMachFLibbyP1998Generation of biologically active IL-1{beta} by matrix metalloproteinases: a novel caspase-1-independent pathway of IL-1{beta} processingThe Journal of Immunology161334069759850
  • SchulzCKratzelKWolfK2004Activation of bronchial epithelial cells in smokers without airway obstruction and patients with COPDChest12517061315136380
  • Schulze-OsthoffKLosMBaeuerlePA1995Redox signalling by transcription factors NF-kappa B and AP-1 in lymphocytesBiochem. Pharmacol50735417575632
  • Segura-ValdezLPardoAGaxiolaM2000Upregulation of gelatinases A and B, collagenases 1 and 2, and increased parenchymal cell death in COPDChest1176849410712992
  • SethiS2000Bacterial Infection and the Pathogenesis of COPDChest117286S29110843957
  • SethiSMaloneyJGroveL2006Airway inflammation and bronchial bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine173991816474030
  • ShaoMXGNakanagaTNadelJA2004Cigarette smoke induces MUC5AC mucin overproduction via tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}-converting enzyme in human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cellsAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology287L420715121636
  • SiafakasNMVermeirePPrideNB1995Optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The European Respiratory Society Task ForceEuropean Respiratory Journal813984207489808
  • SlevogtHSeyboldJTiwariKN2007Moraxella catarrhalis is internalized in respiratory epithelial cells by a trigger-like mechanism and initiates a TLR2- and partly NOD1-dependent inflammatory immune responseCell Microbiol969470717054439
  • SniderGL1992Emphysema: the first two centuries--and beyond. a historical overview, with suggestions for future research: Part 1Am Rev Respir Dis1461334441443893
  • SolerNEwigSTorresA1999Airway inflammation and bronchial microbial patterns in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEuropean Respiratory Journal1410152210596683
  • StringerKAFreedBMDunnJS2004Particulate phase cigarette smoke increases MnSOD, NQO1, and CINC-1 in rat lungsFree Radic Biol Med3715273315477004
  • TaggartCCervantes-LaureanDKimG2000Oxidation of either methionine 351 or methionine 358 in alpha 1-antitrypsin causes loss of anti-neutrophil elastase activityJournal of Biological Chemistry275272586510867014
  • TaggartCCLoweGJGreeneCM2001Cathepsin B, L, and S cleave and inactivate secretory leucoprotease inhibitorJournal of Biological Chemistry276333455211435427
  • TakahashiHIshidohKMunoD1993Cathepsin L activity is increased in alveolar macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokersAm Rev Respir Dis147156288503570
  • TakanashiSHasegawaYKanehiraY1999Interleukin-10 level in sputum is reduced in bronchial asthma, COPD and in smokersEuropean Respiratory Journal143091410515406
  • TakeuchiOKawaiTMuhlradtPF2001Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6International Immunology139334011431423
  • TangKRossiterHBWagnerPD2004Lung-targeted VEGF inactivation leads to emphysema phenotype in miceJournal of Applied Physiology9715596615208295
  • TetleyTD2002Macrophages and the pathogenesis of COPDChest121156S159S12010845
  • TetleyTD2005Antiprotease therapy In Cazzola M et al eds Therapeutic strategies in COPDOxfordClinical Publishing23345
  • TetleyTD2006Proteinase inhibitors/secretory leukoprotease inhibitor and elafinLaurentGJShapiroSDEncyclopedia of respiratory medicineLondonAcademic Press51722
  • ThorleyAJFordPAGiembyczMA2007Differential regulation of cytokine release and leukocyte migration by lipopolysaccharidestimulated primary human lung alveolar type II epithelial cells and macrophagesThe Journal of Immunology1784637317182585
  • ThorleyAJGoldstrawPYoungA2005Primary human alveolar type II epithelial cell CCL20 (macrophage inflammatory protein-3{alpha})-induced dendritic cell migrationAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology32262715618437
  • TobiasPCurtissLK2005Thematic review series: the immune system and atherogenesis. Paying the price for pathogen protection: toll receptors in atherogenesisJournal of Lipid Research464041115654120
  • TomakiMSugiuraHKoaraiADecreased expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and increased expression of chemokines in COPD lungPulmonary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsIn Press, Corrected Proof
  • TravesSLCulpittSVRussellREK2002Increased levels of the chemokines GRO{alpha} and MCP-1 in sputum samples from patients with COPDThorax57590512096201
  • TrinchieriGSherA2007Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defenceNat Rev Immunol71799017318230
  • TsaiJRChongIWChenCC2006Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was significantly activated in human bronchial epithelial cells by nicotineDNA Cell Biol253122216716121
  • TsujiTAoshibaKNagaiA2004Cigarette smoke induces senescence in alveolar epithelial cellsAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology31643915333326
  • TsujiTAoshibaKNagaiA2006Alveolar cell senescence in patients with pulmonary emphysemaAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1748869316888288
  • Van den SteenPEProostPWuytsA2000Neutrophil gelatinase B potentiates interleukin-8 tenfold by aminoterminal processing, whereas it degrades CTAP-III, PF-4, and GRO-alpha and leaves RANTES and MCP-2 intactBlood9626738111023497
  • van der VaartHPostmaDSTimensW2005Acute effects of cigarette smoking on inflammation in healthy intermittent smokersRespir Res62215740629
  • van DiemenCCPostmaDSVonkJM2006Polymorphisms in surfactant proteins are associated with FEV1 decline and development of COPD in the general populationEur Respir Rev152046
  • VanEPLittleRDDupuisJ2002Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsivenessNature4184263012110844
  • VernooyJHJLindemanJHNJacobsJA2004Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in induced sputum from patients with COPDChest12618021015596677
  • VestboJHoggJC2006Convergence of the epidemiology and pathology of COPDThorax6186816227325
  • VlahovicGRussellMLMercerRR1999Cellular and connective tissue changes in alveolar septal walls in emphysemaAm J Respir Crit Care Med16020869210588633
  • VoelkelNFVandivierRWTuderRM2006Vascular endothelial growth factor in the lungAJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology290L2092116403941
  • WangHLiuXUminoT2001Cigarette smoke inhibits human bronchial epithelial cell repair processesAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology25772911726404
  • WannerASalatheMO’RiordanTG1996Mucociliary clearance in the airwaysAm J Respir Crit Care Med15418689028970383
  • WardP2002Phospholipase C-gamma modulates epithelial tight junction permeability through hyperphosphorylation of tight junction proteinsThe Journal of Biological Chemistry27735760512101180
  • WassefAJanardhanKPearceJW2004Toll-like receptor 4 in normal and inflamed lungs and other organs of pig, dog and cattleHistol Histopathol191201815375763
  • WickendenJAClarkeMCHRossiAG2003Cigarette smoke prevents apoptosis through inhibition of caspase activation and induces necrosisAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology295627012748058
  • WilliamsMC2003Alveolar type I cells: molecular phenotype and developmentAnnual Review of Physiology6566995
  • WitherdenIRVanden BonEJGoldstrawP2004Primary human alveolar type II epithelial cell chemokine release: effects of cigarette smoke and neutrophil elastaseAmerican Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology30500915033639
  • WuHKuzmenkoAWanS2003Surfactant proteins A and D inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria by increasing membrane permeabilityJournal of Clinical Investigation111158960212750409
  • WyllieDHKiss-TothEVisintinA2000Evidence for an accessory protein function for Toll-like receptor 1 in anti-bacterial responsesThe Journal of Immunology16571253211120843
  • YuMZhengXWitschiH2002The role of interleukin-6 in pulmonary inflammation and injury induced by exposure to environmental air pollutantsToxicological Sciences684889712151646
  • YuQStamenkovicI2000Cell surface-localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 proteolytically activates TGF-beta and promotes tumor invasion and angiogenesisGenes and Development141637610652271
  • ZalacainRSobradilloVAmilibiaJ1999Predisposing factors to bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEuropean Respiratory Journal13343810065679
  • ZhangXShanPJiangG2006Toll-like receptor 4 deficiency causes pulmonary emphysemaJ Clin Invest1163050917053835
  • ZhuGWarrenLAponteJ2007The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two large populationsAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1761677317446335
  • ZhuJQiuYMajumdarS2001Exacerbations of bronchitis. Bronchial eosinophilia and gene expression for interleukin-4, inter-leukin-5, and eosinophil chemoattractantsAm J Respir Crit Care Med1641091611435248
  • ZiegenhagenMBennerUZisselG1997Sarcoidosis: TNF-alpha release from alveolar macrophages and serum level of sIL-2R are prognostic markersAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine1561586929372680

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.