82
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Clinical approach in treatment of resistant hypertension

&
Pages 9-23 | Published online: 30 Jul 2009

References

  • CalhounDAJonesDTextorSResistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statementfrom the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure ResearchCirculation200811725e510e52618574054
  • EpsteinMResistant hypertension: prevalence and evolving conceptsJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200791 Suppl 12617215648
  • MoserMSetaroJFResistant or difficult-to-control hypertensionN Engl J Med2006355438539216870917
  • CuspidiCMaccaGSampeiriLHigh prevalence of cardiac and extracardiac target organ damage in refractory hypertensionJ Hypertens200119112063207011677373
  • PierdomenicoSDLapennaDBucciACardiovascular outcome in treated hypertensive patients with responder, masked, false resistant, and true resistant hypertensionAm J Hypertens200518111422142816280275
  • ErdineSArat-OzkanAResistant HypertensionBlood Press2003125–634734814763668
  • CalhounDANishikazaMKZamanAThakkarRBWeissmannPHyperaldosteronism among black and white subjects with resistant hypertensionHypertension200240689289612468575
  • GaddamKKNishizakaMKPratt-UbunamaMCharacterization of resistant hypertension: association between resistant hypertension, aldosterone, and persistent intravascular volume expansionArch Intern Med2008168111159116418541823
  • PimentaEGaddamKKOparilSMechanisms and treatment of resistant hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200810323924418326968
  • CalhounDALow-dose aldosterone blockade as a new treatment paradigm for controlling resistant hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200791 Suppl 1192417215651
  • BrownMABuddleMLMartinAIs resistant hypertension really resistant?Am J Hypertens200114121263126911775136
  • ParkJCampeseVClinical characteristics of resistant hypertension: the importance of compliance and the role of diagnostic evaluation in delineating pathogenesisJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200791 Suppl 171217215649
  • TrewetCLBErnstMEResistant hypertension: identifying causes and optimizing treatment recommendationsSouthern Med J2008101216617318364619
  • VidtDGPathogenesis and treatment of resistant hypertensionMinerva Med200394420121414605586
  • PickeringTGArterial stiffness as a cause of resistant hypertension?J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)20079539039517485975
  • MuxfeldtESBlochKVda Rocha NogueiraASallesGHTrue resistant hypertension: is it possible to be recognized in the office?Am J Hypertens200518121534154016364821
  • HallJEThe kidney, hypertension, and obesityHypertension200341part 262563312623970
  • KaplanNMResistant hypertensionJ Hypertens20052381441144416003165
  • HallWDResistant hypertension, secondary hypertension, and hypertensive crisesCardiol Clin20022 20:28128912119801
  • Cadaval GoncalvesSMartinezDGusMObstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension: a case-control studyChest200713261858186218079220
  • Pratt-UbunamaMNNishizakaMKBoedefeldRLCofieldSSHardingSMCalhounDAPlasma aldosterone is related to severity of obstructive sleep apnea in subjects with resistant hypertensionChest2007131245345917296647
  • CalhounDANishizakaMKZamanMAHardingSMAldosterone excretion among subjects with resistant hypertension and symptoms of sleep apneaChest2004125111211714718429
  • DoumaSPetidisKDoumasMPrevalence of primary aldoste-ronism in resistant hypertension: a retrospective observational studyLancet200837196281921192618539224
  • EpsteinMCalhounDAThe role of aldosterone in resistant hypertension: implications for pathogenesis and therapyCurr Hypertens Rep2007929810517442219
  • DuprezDAAldosterone and the vasculature: mechanisms mediating resistant hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200791 Suppl 1131817215650
  • GrimCEEvolution of diagnostic criteria for primary aldosteronism: why is it more common in “drug-resistant” hypertension today?Curr Hypertens Rep20046648549215527695
  • SartoriMCaloLAMascagnaVAldosterone and refractory hypertension: a prospective cohort studyAm J Hypertens200619437337916580572
  • PimentaECalhounDAResistant hypertension and aldosteronismCurr Hypertens Rep20079535335918177580
  • PimentaECalhounDAOparilSMechanisms and treatment of resistant hypertensionArq Bras Cardiol2007886604613
  • CampeseVMMitraNSandeeDHypertension in renal parenchymal disease: why is it so resistant to treatment?Kidney Int200669696797316528245
  • BurnierMSantschiVFavratBBrunnerHRMonitoring compliance in resistant hypertension: an important step in patient managementJ Hypertens200321Suppl 2S37S42
  • PickeringTGHallJEAppelLJRecommendations for blood pressure management in humans and experimental animals: a statement for professionals from the Subcommittee of Professional and Public Education of the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure ResearchCirculation2005111569771615699287
  • HickmanPELeongMChangJWilsonSRMcWhinneyBPlasma free metanephrines are superior to urine and plasma catecholamines and urine catecholamine metabolites for the investigation of phaeochromocytomaPathology200941217317719152190
  • CuspidiCMeaniSValerioCFusiVSalaCZanchettiALeft ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular risk stratification: impact and cost-effectiveness of echocardiography in recently diagnosed essential hypertensivesJ Hypertens20062481671167716877972
  • KawashimaAFrancisIRBaumgartenDAfor the Expert Panel on Urologic ImagingRenovascular hypertension [online publication]Reston (VA)American College of Radiology (ACR)20079
  • ChobanianAVBakrisGLBlackHRThe Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 reportJAMA2003289192560257212748199
  • CalhounDAResistant or difficult-to-control hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)20068318118616522995
  • HermidaRCAyalaDECalvoCEffects of time of day of treatment on ambulatory blood pressure pattern of patients with resistant hypertensionHypertension20054641053105916087787
  • HermidaRCAyalaDEFernandezJRCalvoCChronotherapy improves blood pressure control and reverts the nondipper pattern in patients with resistant hypertensionHypertension2008511697617968001
  • DolanEStantonAThijsLSuperiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome studyHypertension200546115616115939805
  • KikuyaMOhkuboTAsayamaKAmbulatory blood pressure and 10-year risk of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality: the Ohasama studyHypertension200545224024515596571
  • StaessenJAThijsLFagardRfor the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial InvestigatorsPredicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs. ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertensionJAMA1999282653954610450715
  • BrotmanDJDavidsonMBBoumitriMVidtDGImpaired diurnal blood pressure variation and all-cause mortalityAm J Hypertens2008211929718091750
  • De SouzaWAYugar-ToledoJCBergsten-MendesGSabhaMMorenoHEffect of pharmaceutical care on blood pressure control and health-related quality of life in patients with resistant hypertensionAm J Health-Syst Pharm200764181955196117823108
  • TalerSJShould chlorthalidone be the diuretic of choice for antihypertensive therapy?Curr Hypertens Rep200810429329718625158
  • HandlerJMaximizing diuretic therapy in resistant hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200791080280617917510
  • ErnstMECarterBLGoerdtCJComparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressureHypertension200647335235816432050
  • CarterBLErnstMECohenJDHydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone: evidence supporting their interchangeabilityHypertension20044314914638621
  • MoserMCushmanWHandlerJResistant or difficult-to-treat hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)20068643444016760683
  • SarafidisPABakrisGLResistant hypertension: an overview of evaluation and treatmentJ Am Coll Cardiol200852221749175719022154
  • ChapmanNDobsonJWilsonSfor Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial InvestigatorsEffect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertensionHypertension200749483984517309946
  • LaneDAShahSBeeversDGLow-dose spironolactone in the management of resistant hypertension: a surveillance studyJ Hypertens200725489189417351384
  • MahmudAMahgoubMHallMFeelyJDoes aldosterone-to-renin ratio predict the antihypertensive effect of the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone?Am J Hypertens20051812 Pt 11631163516364838
  • NishizakaMKZamanMACalhounDAEfficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertensionAm J Hypertens20031611 Pt 192593014573330
  • OuzanJPeraultCLincoffAMCarreEMertesMThe role of spironolactone in the treatment of patients with refractory hypertensionAm J Hypertens2002154 Pt 133333911991219
  • NishkzakaMKCalhoundDAThe role of aldosterone antagonists in the management of resistant hypertensionCurr Hypertens Rep20057534334716157075
  • CalhounDAUse of aldosterone antagonists in resistant hypertensionProg Cardiovasc Dis200648638739616714158
  • GaddamKKPratt-UbunamaMNCalhounDAAldosterone antagonists: effective add-on therapy for the treatment of resistant hypertensionExpert Rev Cardiovasc Ther20064335335916716096
  • EideIKTorjesenPADrolsumABabovicALilledahlNPLow-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension: a clue to efficient treatmentJ Hypertens200422112217222615480108
  • LaneDABeeversDGAmiloride 10 mg is less effective than spironolactone 25 mg in patients with hypertension resistant to a multidrug regimen including an angiotensin-blocking agentJ Hypertens200725122515251617984678
  • DoraJMKramerCKCananiLHStandards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2008: response to Hirsch, Inzucchi, and KirkmanDiabetes Care2008315e44 author reply e5.18445724
  • StergiouGSMakrisTPapavasiliouMEfstathiouSManolisAComparison of antihypertensive effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, a calcium antagonist and a diuretic in patients with hypertension not controlled by angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapyJ Hypertens200523488388915775795
  • YusufSTeoKKPogueJTelmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular eventsThe New England journal of medicine2008358151547155918378520
  • PfefferMAMcMurrayJJVelazquezEJValsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or bothN Engl J Med2003349201893190614610160
  • AriciMErdemYDual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system for cardiorenal protection: an updateAm J Kidney Dis200953233234519166800
  • BakrisGLWeirMRAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated elevations in serum creatinine: is this a cause for concern?Arch Intern Med2000160568569310724055
  • MuntwylerJFollathFCalcium channel blockers in treatment of hypertensionProg Cardiovasc Dis200144320721611727278
  • SawickiPTSiebenhoferABetablocker treatment in diabetes mellitusJ Intern Med20012501111711454137
  • SoRelleRNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute halts part of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT)Circulation200010112E902510736305
  • TalerSJTreatment of resistant hypertensionCurr Hypertens Rep20057532332916157072
  • MannSJCombined alpha/beta-blockade: an underused approach to the treatment of resistant hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens200799663664
  • SicaDAMinoxidil: an underused vasodilator for resistant or severe hypertensionJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)20046528328715133413
  • JacksonKC2ndShengXNelsonREKeskinaslanABrixnerDIAdherence with multiple-combination antihypertensive pharmacotherapies in a US managed care databaseClinical therapeutics20083081558156318803997
  • ChrysantSGUsing fixed-dose combination therapies to achieve blood pressure goalsClin Drug Investig20082811713734
  • BlackHRBakrisGLWeberMAEfficacy and safety of darusentan in patients with resistant hypertension: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging studyJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)200791076076917917503
  • EpsteinBJEfficacy and safety of darusentan: a novel endothelin receptor antagonistAnn Pharmacother20084271060106918523233
  • BakrisGCalhounDEgaBfor orlistat and resistant hypertension investigatorsOrlistat improves blood pressure control in obese subjects with treated but inadequately controlled hypertensionJ Hypertens200220112257226712409965
  • SloandJAIlligKABisognanoJDImproved control of resistant hypertension with device-mediated electrical carotid sinus baroreflex stimulationJ Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)20079971671917786075
  • GyamlaniGGeraciSASecondary hypertension due to drugs and toxinsSouthern Med J2007100769269917639749
  • PadillaMCAArmas-HernandezMJHernandezRHIsrailiZHValascoMUpdate of diuretics in the treatment of hypertensionAm J Ther200714215416017414583