Rheumatoid arthritis: Disease or syndrome?

References

• Landre-BeauvaisAJThe first description of rheumatoid arthritis. Unabridged text of the doctoral dissertation presented in 1800Joint Bone Spine20016813014311324929
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DequekerJRicoHRheumatoid arthritis-like deformities in an early 16th-century painting of the Flemish-Dutch schoolJAMA19922682492511608144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SanghaOEpidemiology of rheumatic diseasesRheumatology (Oxford)200039Suppl 2312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HelmickCGFelsonDTLawrenceRCEstimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part IArthritis Rheum200858152518163481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GabrielSEThe epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritisRheum Dis Clin North Am20012726928111396092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WardMMJavitzHSYelinEHThe direct cost of rheumatoid arthritisValue Health2000324325216464188
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SwanborgRHWhittum-HudsonJAHudsonAPInfectious agents and multiple sclerosis – are Chlamydia pneumoniae and human herpes virus 6 involved?J Neuroimmunol20031361812620637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GuernePAWeismanMHPalindromic rheumatism: part of or apart from the spectrum of rheumatoid arthritisAm J Med1992934514601341421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TuressonCO’FallonWMCrowsonCSGabrielSEMattesonELExtra-articular disease manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis: incidence trends and risk factors over 46 yearsAnn Rheum Dis20036272272712860726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ArnettFCEdworthySMBlochDAThe American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum1988313153243358796
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van VenrooijWJvan BeersJJPruijnGJAnti-CCP antibody, a marker for the early detection of rheumatoid arthritisAnn N Y Acad Sci2008114326828519076355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeANBeckCEHallMRheumatoid factor and anti-CCP autoanti-bodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a reviewClin Lab Sci200821151818335856
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RenaudineauYJaminCSarauxAYouinouPRheumatoid factor on a daily basisAutoimmunity200538111615804700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BowesJBartonARecent advances in the genetics of RA susceptibilityRheumatology (Oxford)20084739940218263596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SilmanAJPearsonJEEpidemiology and genetics of rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Res20024Suppl 3S265S27212110146
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IikuniNNakajimaAInoueEWhat’s in season for rheumatoid arthritis patients? Seasonal fluctuations in disease activityRheumatology (Oxford)20074684684817264092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EngelARobertsJBurchTARheumatoid arthritis in adultsVital Health Stat196611143
   Google Scholar
• GabrielSEMichaudKEpidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseasesArthritis Res Ther20091122919519924
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BridgesSLJrHughesLBMikulsTREarly rheumatoid arthritis in African-Americans: the CLEAR RegistryClin Exp Rheumatol200321S138S145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EscalanteAdel RinconIEpidemiology and impact of rheumatic disorders in the United States Hispanic populationCurr Opin Rheumatol20011310411011224734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IwanagaTShikichiMKitamuraHYanaseHNozawa-InoueKMorphology and functional roles of synoviocytes in the jointArch Histol Cytol200063173110770586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RazaKScheel-ToellnerDLeeCYSynovial fluid leukocyte apoptosis is inhibited in patients with very early rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Res Ther20068R12016859518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OspeltCGaySThe role of resident synovial cells in destructive arthritisBest Pract Res Clin Rheumatol20082223925218455682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeyandCMBrylEGoronzyJJThe role of T cells in rheumatoid arthritisArch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)20004842943511140470
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TaylorPCAntibody therapy for rheumatoid arthritisCurr Opin Pharmacol2003332332812810200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SoTLeeSWCroftMTumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor family members that positively regulate immunityInt J Hematol20068311116443545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KimEYMoudgilKDRegulation of autoimmune inflammation by pro-inflammatory cytokinesImmunol Lett20081201518694783
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SethiGSungBAggarwalBBTNF: a master switch for inflammation to cancerFront Biosci2008135094510718508572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YeJRegulation of PPARgamma function by TNF-alphaBiochem Biophys Res Commun200837440540818655773
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WallisRSInfectious complications of tumor necrosis factor blockadeCurr Opin Infect Dis20092240340919491672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MorkoJKivirantaRMulariMTOverexpression of cathepsin K accelerates the resorption cycle and osteoblast differentiation in vitroBone20094471772819118660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KreuwelHTShermanLAThe T-cell repertoire available for recognition of self-antigensCurr Opin Immunol20011363964311677083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PrakkenBJCarsonDAAlbaniST cell repertoire formation and molecular mimicry in rheumatoid arthritisCurr Dir Autoimmun20013516311791471
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NewkirkMMRheumatoid factors: what do they tell us?J Rheumatol2002292034204012375308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NowakUGillKSkameneENewkirkMMRheumatoid factor induction in murine models of liver injuryClin Exp Immunol200714732432917223974
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De RyckeLPeeneIHoffmanIERheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: diagnostic value, associations with radiological progression rate, and extra-articular manifestationsAnn Rheum Dis2004631587159315547083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KinlochALundbergKWaitRSynovial fluid is a site of citrullination of autoantigens in inflammatory arthritisArthritis Rheum2008582287229518668562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KuhnKAKulikLTomookaBAntibodies against citrullinated proteins enhance tissue injury in experimental autoimmune arthritisJ Clin Invest200611696197316585962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KiddBAHoPPSharpeOEpitope spreading to citrullinated antigens in mouse models of autoimmune arthritis and demyelinationArthritis Res Ther200810R11918826638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masson-BessiereCSebbagMGirbal-NeuhauserEThe major synovial targets of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific antifilaggrin auto-antibodies are deiminated forms of the alpha- and beta-chains of fibrinJ Immunol20011664177418411238669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MewarDWilsonAGAutoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a reviewBiomed Pharmacother20066064865517064873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AnderssonAKLiCBrennanFMRecent developments in the immunobiology of rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Res Ther20081020418373887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ShenHGoodallJCHill GastonJSFrequency and phenotype of peripheral blood Th17 cells in ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum2009601647165619479869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LanRYAnsariAALianZXGershwinMERegulatory T cells: development, function and role in autoimmunityAutoimmun Rev2005435136316081026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KirkhamBWLassereMNEdmondsJPSynovial membrane cytokine expression is predictive of joint damage progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a two-year prospective study (the DAMAGE study cohort)Arthritis Rheum2006541122113116572447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LardLRvan GaalenFASchonkerenJJAssociation of the -2849 interleukin-10 promoter polymorphism with autoantibody production and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum2003481841184812847677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ImbodenJBThe immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritisAnnu Rev Pathol2009441743418954286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PongratzGStraubRHB-cell involvement in the pathogenesis of RA-is there a contribution of the sympathetic nervous system?Immunol Res20084014816318213527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’NeillSKGlantTTFinneganAThe role of B cells in animal models of rheumatoid arthritisFront Biosci2007121722173617127417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarrisDPGoodrichSGerthAJPengSLLundFERegulation of IFN-gamma production by B effector 1 cells: essential roles for T-bet and the IFN-gamma receptorJ Immunol20051746781679015905519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SilmanAJRheumatoid arthritis and infection: a population approachAnn Rheum Dis1989487077102679449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EbringerARheumatoid arthritis as an infectious diseaseBMJ1991303524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DixonBBacteria and arthritisBMJ199030110432249058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FordDKOne syndrome – many infectious agentsJ Rheumatol1987146506523668971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FordDKTingleAJLymphocytes from site of disease indicate probable microbiological etiology of “infective-immune” diseases such as rheumatoid arthritisInfect Agents Dis199652232308884367
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FordDKUnderstanding rheumatoid arthritisJ Rheumatol199724146414669263135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ToussirotERoudierJEpstein-Barr virus in autoimmune diseasesBest Pract Res Clin Rheumatol20082288389619028369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RashidTEbringerARheumatoid arthritis is linked to Proteus – the evidenceClin Rheumatol2007261036104317206398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KobayashiSMomoharaSKamataniNOkamotoHMolecular aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: role of environmental factorsFEBS J20082754456446218662304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WeyandCMGoronzyJJThe molecular basis of rheumatoid arthritisJ Mol Med1997757727859428608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MunzCLunemannJDGettsMTMillerSDAntiviral immune responses: triggers of or triggered by autoimmunity?Nat Rev Immunol2009924625819319143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KohmAPFullerKGMillerSDMimicking the way to autoimmunity: an evolving theory of sequence and structural homologyTrends Microbiol20031110110512648936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WucherpfennigKWStromingerJLMolecular mimicry in T cell-mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones specific for myelin basic proteinCell1995806957057534214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DaviesJMIntroduction: Epitope mimicry as a component cause of autoimmune diseaseCell Mol Life Sci20005752352611130451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KouriTPetersenJRhodesGAntibodies to synthetic peptides from Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 in sera of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and in preillness seraJ Rheumatol199017144214492177109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrandAGriffithsDJHerveCMallonEVenablesPJHuman retrovirus-5 in rheumatic diseaseJ Autoimmun19991314915410441180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KrauseAKamradtTBurmesterGRPotential infectious agents in the induction of arthritidesCurr Opin Rheumatol199682032098796979
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TakeiMMitamuraKFujiwaraSDetection of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA 1 and latent membrane protein 1 in synovial lining cells from rheumatoid arthritis patientsInt Immunol199797397439184919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EdingerJWBonnevilleMScotetEHoussaintESchumacherHRPosnettDNEBV gene expression not altered in rheumatoid synovia despite the presence of EBV antigen-specific T cell clonesJ Immunol19991623694370110092832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousavi-JaziMBostromLLovmarkCLindeABryttingMSundqvistVAInfrequent detection of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritisJ Rheumatol1998256236289558160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GaudinPMoutetFTukePWGarsonJAAbsence of human retrovirus 5 in French patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Griffiths, et alArthritis Rheum1999422492249410555048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LundbergKKinlochAFisherBAAntibodies to citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 are specific for rheumatoid arthritis and cross-react with bacterial enolaseArthritis Rheum2008583009301918821669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AlbaniSCarsonDAA multistep molecular mimicry hypothesis for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritisImmunol Today1996174664708908811
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ToussirotERoudierJPathophysiological links between rheumatoid arthritis and the Epstein-Barr virus: an updateJoint Bone Spine20077441842617625943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReveilleJDThe genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritisCurr Opin Rheumatol1998101872009608321
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JarvinenPAhoKTwin studies in rheumatic diseasesSemin Arthritis Rheum19942419287985034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Helm-van MilAHHuizingaTWAdvances in the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis point to subclassification into distinct disease subsetsArthritis Res Ther20081020518394179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiYBegovichABUnraveling the genetics of complex diseases: Susceptibility genes for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasisSemin Immunol20091313
   Google Scholar
• GohKICusickMEValleDChildsBVidalMBarabasiALThe human disease networkProc Natl Acad Sci U S A20071048685869017502601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SingalDPLiJZhuYGenetic basis for rheumatoid arthritisArch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)19994730731110604236
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GregersenPKSilverJWinchesterRJThe shared epitope hypothesis. An approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum198730120512132446635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RakJMMaestroniLBalandraudNTransfer of the shared epitope through microchimerism in women with rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum200960738019117368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PopaCLeandroMJCambridgeGEdwardsJCRepeated B lymphocyte depletion with rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis over 7 yrsRheumatology (Oxford)20074662663017189244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PlengeRMPadyukovLRemmersEFReplication of putative candidate-gene associations with rheumatoid arthritis in >4,000 samples from North America and Sweden: association of susceptibility with PTPN22, CTLA4, and PADI4Am J Hum Genet2005771044106016380915
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KochiYSuzukiAYamadaRYamamotoKGenetics of rheumatoid arthritis: underlying evidence of ethnic differencesJ Autoimmun20093215816219324521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoriMYamadaRKobayashiKKawaidaRYamamotoKEthnic differences in allele frequency of autoimmune-disease-associated SNPsJ Hum Genet20055026426615883854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AltmullerJPalmerLJFischerGScherbHWjstMGenomewide scans of complex human diseases: true linkage is hard to findAm J Hum Genet20016993695011565063
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChoiSJRhoYHJiJDSongGGLeeYHGenome scan meta-analysis of rheumatoid arthritisRheumatology (Oxford)20064516617016278286
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VittecoqOLequerreTGoebVLe LoetXAbdesselamTAKlemmerNSmoking and inflammatory diseasesBest Pract Res Clin Rheumatol20082292393519028372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KallbergHJacobsenSBengtssonCAlcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of rheumatoid arthritis: results from two Scandinavian case-control studiesAnn Rheum Dis20096822222718535114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HeliovaaraMAhoKAromaaAKnektPReunanenASmoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritisJ Rheumatol199320183018358308766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StoltPBengtssonCNordmarkBQuantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident casesAnn Rheum Dis20036283584112922955
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CostenbaderKHMansonJEDo female hormones affect the onset or severity of rheumatoid arthritis?Arthritis Rheum20085929930118311757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MatteyDLDawesPTClarkeSRelationship among the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope, smoking, and rheumatoid factor production in rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum20024740340712209487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeHSIrigoyenPKernMInteraction between smoking, the shared epitope, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide: a mixed picture in three large North American rheumatoid arthritis cohortsArthritis Rheum2007561745175317530703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KlareskogLStoltPLundbergKA new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullinationArthritis Rheum200654384616385494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VerpoortKNPapendrecht-van der VoortEAvan der Helm-van MilAHAssociation of smoking with the constitution of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide response in the absence of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope allelesArthritis Rheum2007562913291817763436
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeDMPhillipsRHaganEMChibnikLBCostenbaderKHSchurPHQuantifying anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide titres: clinical utility and association with tobacco exposure in patients with rheumatoid arthritisAnn Rheum Dis20096820120818390910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RashidTEbringerARheumatoid arthritis in smokers could be linked to Proteus urinary tract infectionsMed Hypotheses20087097598017983708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NalbandianGKovatsSUnderstanding sex biases in immunity: effects of estrogen on the differentiation and function of antigen-presenting cellsImmunol Res2005319110615778508
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SpectorTDRomanESilmanAJThe pill, parity, and rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum1990337827892363734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PikwerMBergstromUNilssonJAJacobssonLBerglundGTuressonCBreast feeding, but not use of oral contraceptives, is associated with a reduced risk of rheumatoid arthritisAnn Rheum Dis20096852653018477739
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KarlsonEWMandlLAHankinsonSEGrodsteinFDo breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Nurses’ Health StudyArthritis Rheum2004503458346715529351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NelsonJLOstensenMPregnancy and rheumatoid arthritisRheum Dis Clin North Am1997231952129031383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WilderRLHormones, pregnancy, and autoimmune diseasesAnn NY Acad Sci199884045509629235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KovatsSCarrerasERegulation of dendritic cell differentiation and function by estrogen receptor ligandsCell Immunol2008252819018279845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paharkova-VatchkovaVMaldonadoRKovatsSEstrogen preferentially promotes the differentiation of CD11c+ CD11b(intermediate) dendritic cells from bone marrow precursorsJ Immunol20041721426143614734718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalittBPettingerMWeinsteinAEffects of postmenopausal hormone therapy on rheumatoid arthritis: the women’s health initiative randomized controlled trialsArthritis Rheum20085930231018311749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WalittBTConstantinescuFKatzJDValidation of self-report of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: The Women’s Health InitiativeJ Rheumatol20083581181818398940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LambertNNelsonJLMicrochimerism in autoimmune disease: more questions than answers?Autoimmun Rev2003213313912848954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• InmanRDWhittum-HudsonJASchumacherHRHudsonAPChlamydia and associated arthritisCurr Opin Rheumatol20001225426210910176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VillarealCWhittum-HudsonJAHudsonAPPersistent Chlamydiae and chronic arthritisArthritis Res200245911879531
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whittum-HudsonJAGerardHCSchumacherHRHudsonAPPathogenesis of Chlamydia-associated arthritisBavoilPWyrickPChlamydia – Genomics and PathogenesisOxford, UKHorizon Bioscience, Inc2007475504
   Google Scholar
• GerardHCWhittum-HudsonJACarterJDHudsonAPMolecular biology of infectious agents in chronic arthritisEspinozaLRheumatic Disease Clinics of North AmericaPhiladelphia PAElsevier/Saunders2009119
   Google Scholar