References
- AgarwalNMartinEKrishnamoorthyRR2002Levobetaxolol-induced Up-regulation of retinal bFGF and CNTF mRNAs and preservation of retinal function against a photic-induced retinopathyExp Eye Res744455312076088
- AllenRCHertzmarkEWalzerAM1986A double-masked comparison of betaxolol versus timolol in the treatment of open-angle glaucomaAm J Ophthalmol101535413518464
- ArendOHarrisAArendS1998The acute effect of topical beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents on retinal and optic nerve head circulationActa Ophthalmol Scand764399541433
- BerrospiARLeibowitzHM1982Betaxolol. A new beta-adrenergic blocking agent for treatment of glaucomaArch Ophthalmol10094366124227
- BerryDPVan BuskirkEMShieldsMB1984Betaxolol and timolol. A comparison of efficacy and side effectsArch Ophthalmol1024256367723
- CaldwellDRSalisburyCRGuzekJP1984Effects of topical betaxolol in ocular hypertensive patientsArch Ophthalmol102539406704008
- CelliniMPossatiGLCaramazzaN1997The use of flunarizine in the management of low-tension glaucoma: a color Doppler studyActa Ophthalmol Scand224Suppl578
- ChidlowGMelenaJOsborneNN2000Betaxolol, a beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, reduces Na(+) influx into cortical synaptosomes by direct interaction with Na(+) channels: comparison with other beta-adrenoceptor antagonistsBr J Pharmacol1307596610864881
- Coca-PradosMWaxMB1986Transformation of human ciliary epithelial cells by simian virus 40: induction of cell proliferation and retention of beta 2-adrenergic receptorsProc Natl Acad Sci USA83875483022303
- CriderJYSharifNA2002Adenylyl cyclase activity mediated by beta-adrenoceptors in immortalized human trabecular meshwork and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cellsJ Ocul Pharmacol Ther182213012099543
- DranceSM1988A comparison of the effects of betaxolol, timolol, and pilocarpine on visual function in patients with open-angle glaucomaJ Glaucoma7247529713782
- DranceSM1999Introductory comments on potential differences between β-blockers in the treatment of open-angle glaucomaSurv Ophthalmol43Suppl 1S173S510416760
- FeghaliJGKaufmanPL1985Decreased intraocular pressure in the hypertensive human eye with betaxolol, a beta 1-adrenergic antagonistAm J Ophthalmol100777822866715
- FriedmanZBloomEPolanskyJR1999Adrenergic drug effects on cyclic AMP in cultured human trabecular meshwork cellsOphthalmic Res315389831823
- GoldbergIGoldbergH1995Betaxolol eye drops. A clinical trial of safety and efficacyAust NZ J Ophthalmol231724
- HarrisAArendOChungHS2000A comparative study of betaxolol and dorzolamide effect on ocular circulation in normal-tension glaucoma patientsOphthalmology107430410711877
- HarrisISGreensteinSHBloomAF1986Respiratory difficulties with betaxololAm J Ophthalmol10227453740189
- HarrisASpaethGLSergottRC1995Retrobulbar arterial hemodynamic effects of betaxolol and timolol in normal-tension glaucomaAm J Ophthalmol120168757639300
- HenryPJRigbyPJGoldieRG1990Distribution of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in mouse trachea and lung: a quantitative autoradiographic studyBr J Pharmacol99136441970491
- HosteAMSysSU1998Ca2+ channel-blocking activity of propranolol and betaxolol in isolated bovine retinal microarteryJ Cardiovasc Pharmacol3239069733352
- KaiserHJFlammerJStumpfigD1994Longterm visual field follow-up of glaucoma patients treated with beta-blockersSurv Ophthalmol38SupplS156S97940137
- KosekiNAraieMYamagamiJ1999Effects of oral brovincamine on visual field damage in patients with normal-tension glaucoma with low-normal intraocular pressureJ Glaucoma81172310209728
- KulkarniPSDeSantisL2001Vasorelaxant effects of racemic betaxolol and its R- and S-isomers on bovine retinal vesselsJ Glaucoma10423611711842
- Le JeunneCMuneraYHuguesFC1990Systemic effects of three beta-blocker eyedrops: comparison in healthy volunteers of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoreceptor inhibitionClin Pharmacol Ther47578831971539
- LongDAJohnsGEMullenRS1988Levobunolol and betaxolol. A double-masked controlled comparison of efficacy and safety in patients with elevated intraocular pressureOphthalmology95735413062529
- MelenaJStantonDOsborneNN2001Comparative effects of antiglaucoma drugs on voltage-dependent calcium channelsGraefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol2395223011521697
- MelenaJWoodJPOsborneNN1999Betaxolol, a beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist, has an affinity for L-type Ca2+ channelsEur J Pharmacol3783172210493108
- MessmerCFlammerJStumpfigD1991Influence of betaxolol and timolol on the visual fields of patients with glaucomaAm J Ophthalmol112678811957903
- NathansonJA1981Human ciliary process adrenergic receptor: pharmacological characterizationInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci217988046118346
- NathansonJA1988Stereospecificity of beta adrenergic antagonists: R-enantiomers show increased selectivity for beta-2 receptors in ciliary processJ Pharmacol Exp Ther245941012896241
- NeufeldAH1978Influences of cyclic nucleotides on outflow facility in the vervet monkeyExp Eye Res2738797215426
- NeufeldAHDuekerDKVeggeT1975Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate increases the outflow of aqueous humor from the rabbit eyeInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci14402
- NeufeldAHJampolLMSearsML1972Cyclic-AMP in the aqueous humor: the effects of adrenergic agentsExp Eye Res14242504344979
- OkisakaSKuwabaraT1974Selective destruction of the pigmented epithelium in the ciliary body of the eyeScience184129894208491
- OsborneNNWoodJPChidlowG2004Effectiveness of levobetaxolol and timolol at blunting retinal ischaemia is related to their calcium and sodium blocking activities: relevance to glaucomaBrain Res Bull62525815036567
- PhanTMNguyenKPGiacominiJC1991Ophthalmic beta-blockers: determination of plasma and aqueous humor levels by a radioreceptor assay following multiple dosesJ Ocul Pharmacol7243521686051
- QuarantaLGandolfoFTuranoR2006Effects of topical hypotensive drugs on circadian IOP, blood pressure, and calculated diastolic ocular perfusion pressure inpatients with glaucomaInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci4729172316799034
- RadiusRL1983Use of betaxolol in the reduction of elevated intraocular pressureArch Ophthalmol1018989006860201
- ReissGRBrubakerRF1983The mechanism of action of betaxolol, a new ocular hypotensive agentOphthalmology901369726664677
- RoholtPC1987Betaxolol and restrictive airway disease. Case reportArch Ophthalmol10511723632433
- RuggELBarnettDBNahorskiSR1978Coexistence of beta1 and beta2 adrenoceptors in mammalian lung: evidence from direct binding studiesMol Pharmacol14996100532480
- SatohENarimatsuAHosohataY1993The affinity of betaxolol, a beta 1-adrenoceptor-selective blocking agent, for beta-adrenoceptors in the bovine trachea and heartBr J Pharmacol10848498383566
- SchoeneRBAbuanTWardRL1984Effects of topical betaxolol, timolol, and placebo on pulmonary function in asthmatic bronchitisAm J Ophthalmol9786926141730
- SearsM1984Pharmacology of the eyeNew YorkSpringer
- SharifNAXuSX2004Binding affinities of ocular hypotensive beta-blockers levobetaxolol, levobunolol, and timolol at endogenous guinea pig beta-adrenoceptorsJ Ocul Pharmacol Ther2093915117564
- SharifNAXuSXCriderJY2001Levobetaxolol (Betaxon) and other beta-adrenergic antagonists: preclinical pharmacology, IOP-lowering activity and sites of action in human eyesJ Ocul Pharmacol Ther173051711572462
- SteigerwaltRDJrLauroraGBelcaroGV2001Ocular and retrobulbar blood flow in ocular hypertensives treated with topical timolol, betaxolol and carteololJ Ocul Pharmacol Ther175374411777177
- StewartRHKimbroughRLWardRI1986Betaxolol versus timolol. A six-month double-blind comparisonArch Ophthalmol1044683510612
- TownsendDJBrubakerRF1980Immediate effect of epinephrine on aqueous formation in the normal human eye as measured by fluorophotometryInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci19256667358476
- TuracliMEOzdenRGGursesMA1988The effect of betaxolol on ocular blood flow and visual fields in patients with normotension glaucomaEur J Ophthalmol86269673472
- Van BuskirkEM1980Adverse reactions from timolol administrationOphthalmology87447507402590
- Van BuskirkEMWeinrebRNBerryDP1986Betaxolol in patients with glaucoma and asthmaAm J Ophthalmol10153143706457
- WaxMBMolinoffPB1987Distribution and properties of beta-adrenergic receptors in human iris-ciliary bodyInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci28420303030954
- WeinrebRNCaldwellDRGoodeSM1990A double-masked three-month comparison between 0.25% betaxolol suspension and 0.5% betaxolol ophthalmic solutionAm J Opthalmol11018992
- WeinrebRNJaniR1992A novel formulation of an ophthalmic beta-adrenoreceptor antagonistJ Parenter Sci Technol465131588458
- WeinrebRNVan BuskirkEMCherniackK1988Long-term betaxolol therapy in glaucoma patients with pulmonary diseaseAm J Ophthalmol10616273400758
- WiederholtM1998Direct involvement of trabecular meshwork in the regulation of aqueous humor outflowCurr Opin Ophthalmol946910180513
- YamadaYTakayanagiRTsuchiyaK2001Assessment of systemic aderse reactions induced by ophthalmic beta-adrenergic receptor antagonistsJ Ocul Pharmacol Ther172354811436944
- YarangümeliAKuralG2004Are there any benefits of Betoptic S (betaxolol HCl ophthalmic suspension) over other beta-blockers in the treatment of glaucoma?Expert Opin Pharmacother510718115155109
- YoshidaAOgasawaraHFujioN1998Comparison of short- and long-term effects of betaxolol and timolol on human retinal circulationEye128485310070522