3,405
Views
45
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy: a review

, &
Pages 427-448 | Published online: 11 Jun 2009

References

  • NieschlagESwerdloffRBehreHMInvestigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in malesAging Male20058565816096159
  • MoralesASchulmanCCTostainJWuFCWTestosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) needs to be named appropriately – the importance of accurate terminologyEur Urol20065040740916854520
  • RhodenELMorgentalerARisks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoringN Engl J Med2004350548249214749457
  • HarmanSMMetterEJTobinJDPearsonJBlackmanMRBaltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinal effects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20018672473111158037
  • DingELSongYMalikVSLiuSSex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysisJAMA20062951288129916537739
  • LaughlinGABarrett-ConnorEBergstromJLow serum testosterone and mortality in older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab200893687517911176
  • LaaksonenDENiskanenLPunnonenKTestosterone and sex hormone binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged menDiabetes Care2004271036104115111517
  • KhawKTDowsettMFolkerdEEndogenous testosterone and mortality due to all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in men: European prospective investigation into cancer in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Prospective Population StudyCirculation20074116232694270118040028
  • ShoresMMMatsumotoAMSloanKLKivlahanDRLow serum testosterone and mortality in male veteransArch Intern Med20061661660166516908801
  • AraujoAKupelianVPageSTHandelsmanDJBremnerWJMcKinlayJBSex steroids and all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in menArch Intern Med20071671252126017592098
  • LindemanRDYauCLBaumgartnerRNMorleyJEGarryPJNew Mexico Aging Process Study. Longitudinal study of fasting serum glucose concentrations in healthy elderly. The New Mexico Aging Process StudyJ Nutr Health Aging20037317217712766795
  • VermeulenAAndrogen replacement therapy in the aging male – a critical evaluationJ Clin Endocrinol Metab200186238039011397827
  • BhasinSBuckwalterJGTestosterone supplementation in older men: a rational idea whose time has not yet comeJ Androl20012271873111545281
  • FeldmanHALongcopeCDerbyCAAge trends in the level of serum testosterone and other hormones in middle-aged men: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging StudyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20028758959811836290
  • LiuPYBeilinJMeierCNguyenTVCenterJRLeedmanPJAge-related changes in serum testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin in Australian men: longitudinal analyses of two geographically separate regional cohortsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2007923599360317595245
  • OrwollELambertLCMarshallLMTestosterone and estradiol in older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2006911336134416368750
  • YeapBBAlmeidaOPHydeZIn men older than 70 years, total testosterone remains stable while free testosterone declines with age. The Health in Men StudyEur J Endocrinol200715658559417468195
  • KrithivasKYurgalevitchSMMohrBAEvidence that the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor is associated with age related decline in serum androgens levels in menJ Endocrinol199916213714210396030
  • ZmudaJMCauleyJAKriskaAGlynnNWGutaiJPKullerLHLongitudinal relation between endogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease risk factors in middle age men: a 13 year follow-up of former Multiple Risk Factors Intervention Trial participantsAm J Epidemiol199746609617
  • GrayAFeldmanHAMcKinlayJBLongcopeCAge, disease, and changing sex hormone levels in middle-aged men: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging StudyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199173101610251719016
  • AraujoABEscheGRKupelianVPrevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2007924241424717698901
  • WuFCWTajarAPyeSRHypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis disruptions in older men are differentially linked to age and modifiable risk factors: The European Male Aging StudyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2008932737274518270261
  • VeldhuisJDAging and hormones of the hypothalamo–pituitary axis: gonadotropic axis in men and somatotropic axes in men and womenAgeing Res Rev2008718920818343203
  • KaufmanJMVermeulenAThe decline of androgen levels in elderly men and its clinical and therapeutic implicationsEndocr Rev20052683387615901667
  • MoralesASpevackMEmersonLAdding to the controversy: pitfalls in the diagnosis of testosterone deficiency syndromes with questionnaires and biochemistryAging Male200710576517558969
  • BhasinSCunninghamGRHayesFJTestosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an endocrine society clinical practice guidelineJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2006911995201016720669
  • SchiaviRCSchreiner-EngelPWhiteDMandeliJThe relationship between pituitary-gonadal function and sexual behavior in healthy aging menPsychosom Med1991533633741924649
  • TravisonTGMorleyJEAraujoABO’DonnellABMcKinlayJBThe relationship between libido and testosterone levels in aging menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2006912509251316670164
  • MorleyJEKimMJHarenMTKevorkianRBanksWAFrailty and the aging maleAging Male2005813514016390735
  • BaumNCandaceACrespiCATestosterone replacement in elderly men. Testosterone replacement in elderly menGeriatrics2007621518
  • ShoresMMMoceriVMSloanKLMatsumotoAMKivlahanDRLow testosterone levels predict incident depressive illness in older men: effects of age and medical morbidityJ Clin Pyschiatry200566714
  • LunenfeldBSaadFHoeslCEISA, ISSAM and EAU recommendations for the investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males: scientific background and rationaleAging Male20058597416096160
  • MorleyJEBaumgartnerRNRoubenoffRMayerJNairKSSarcopeniaJ Lab Clin Med200113723124311283518
  • ZitzmannMFaberSNieschlagEAssociation of specific symptoms and metabolic risks with serum testosterone in older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2006914335434316926258
  • MorleyJECharltonEPatrickPValidation of a screening questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging malesMetabolism2000491239124211016912
  • MorleyJEPerryHMIIIKevorkianRTPatrickPComparison of screening questionnaires for the diagnosis of hypogonadismMaturitas20065342442916140484
  • HeinemannLASaadFHeinemannKThaiDMCan results of the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) scale predict those of screening scales for androgen deficiencyAging Male2004721121815669540
  • MooreCHueblerDZimmermannTHeinemannLASaadFThaiDMThe Aging Males’ Symptoms scale (AMS) as outcome measure for treatment of androgen deficiencyEur Urol200446808715183551
  • T’SjoenGGoemaereSDe MeyereMKaufmanJMPerception of males’ aging symptoms, health and well-being in elderly community-dwelling men is not related to circulating androgen levelsPsychoneuroendocrinology20042920121414604601
  • KelleherSConwayAJHandelsmanDJBlood testosterone threshold for androgen deficiency symptomsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2004893813381715292310
  • IsidoriAMGiannettaEGianfrilliDEffects of testosterone on sexual function in men: results of a meta-analysisClin Endocrinol200563601602
  • MorleyJEMelmedSGonadal dysfunction in systematic disordersMetabolism19792810511073386028
  • MatsumotoAMAndropause: Clinical implications of the decline in serum testosterone levels with aging in menJ Gerontol Med Sci2002577699
  • DiverMJImtiazKEAhmadAMVoraJPFraserWDDiurnal rhythms of serum total, free and bioavailable testosterone and of SHBG in middle-aged men compared with those in young menClin Endocrinol (Oxf)20035871071712780747
  • WangCNieschlagESwerdloffRInvestigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males: ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendationsEur J Endocrinol200815950751418955511
  • CitronJTEttingerBRubinoffHPrevalence of hypothalamic-pituitary imaging abnormalities in impotent men with secondary hypogonadismJ Urol19961555295338558653
  • BunchTJAbrahamDWangSMeikleAWPituitary radiographic abnormalities and clinical correlates of hypogonadism in elderly males presenting with erectile dysfunctionAging Male20025384612040974
  • RhodenELEstradaCLevineLMorgentalerAThe value of pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in men with hypogonadismJ Urol200317079579812913700
  • BuvatJLemaireAEndocrine screening in 1, 022 men with erectile dysfunction clinical significance and cost effective strategyJ Urol1997158176417679334596
  • AraujoABO’DonnellABrambillaDJPrevalence and incidence of androgen deficiency in middle-aged and older men: estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging StudyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2004895920592615579737
  • VermeulenAHormonal cut-offs of partial androgen deficiency: a survey of androgen assaysJ Endocrinol Invest200528283116042357
  • van den BeldAWde JongFHGrobbeeDEPolsHALambertsSWMeasures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle strength, bone density, and body composition in elderly menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2000853276328210999822
  • RosnerWAuchusRJAzzizRSlussPMRaffHUtility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statementJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2007924051317090633
  • VermeulenAVerdonckLKaufmanJMA critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serumJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1999843666367210523012
  • WangCPlymateSNieschlagEPaulsenCASalivary testosterone in men: further evidence of a direct correlation with free serum testosteroneJ Clin Endocrinol Metab198153102110247197285
  • MorleyJEPerryHMIIIPatrickPDollbaumCMKellsJMValidation of salivary testosterone as a screening test for male hypogonadismAging Male2006916516917050116
  • GonacharovNKatsyaGDobrachevaANizhnikAKolesnikovaGHerbstVWestermannJDiagnostic significance of free salivary testosterone measurement using a direct luminescence immunoassay in healthy men and in patients with disorders of androgenic statusAging Male2006911112216916746
  • CalofOMSinghABLeeMLAdverse events associated with testosterone replacement in middle-aged and older men: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trialsJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2005601451145716339333
  • ParsonsJKCarterHBPlatzEAWrightEJLandisPMetterEJSerum testosterone and the risk of prostate cancer: potential implications for testosterone therapyCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev2005142257226016172240
  • ZitzmannMNieschlagEAndrogen receptor gene CAG repeat length and body mass index modulate the safety of long-term intramuscular testosterone undecanoate therapy in hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2007923844385317635942
  • VelazquezIAlterBPAndrogens and liver tumors: Fanconi’s anemia and non-Fanconi’s conditionsAm J Hematol200477325726715495253
  • ImamotoTSuzukiHFukasawaSPretreatment serum testosterone level as a predictive factor of pathological stage in localized prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomyEurUrol200547308312
  • McClureRDOsesRErnestMLHypogonadal impotence treated by transdermal testosteroneUrology19913732242000678
  • BhasinSBremnerWJEmerging issues in androgen replacement therapyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199782388989221
  • ComhaireFHAndropause: hormone replacement therapy in the aging maleEurUrol200038655662
  • Von EckardsteinNieschlagETreatment of male hypogonadism with testosterone undecanoate injected at extended intervals of 12 weeks: a phase II studyJ Androl200223341942512002444
  • WangCSwerdloffRSIranmaneshATransdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2000852839285310946892
  • YuZGuptaSKHwangSSTestosterone pharmacokinetics after application of an investigational transdermal system in hypogonadal menJ Clin Pharmacol199737113911459506009
  • KimMKZhaoHLeeCHKimDDFormulation of a reservoir-type testosterone transdermal delivery systemInt J Pharm20012191–2515911337165
  • McNicholasTADeanJDMulderHCarnegieCJonesNAA novel testosterone gel formulation normalizes androgen levels in hypogonadal men, with improvements in body composition and sexual functionBJU Int200391697412614254
  • SalehianBWangCAlexanderGPharmacokinetics, bioefficacy, and safety of sublingual testosterone cyclodextrin in hypogonadal men: comparison to testosterone enanthate – a clinical research center studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199580356735758530600
  • KorbonitsMSlawikMCullenDRossRJA comparison of a novel testosterone bioadhesive buccal system, striant, with a testosterone adhesive patch in hypogonadal malesJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2004892039204315126518
  • RossCNFrenchJAPateraKJIntensity of aggressive interactions modulates testosterone in male marmosetsPhysiol Behav200483343744515581666
  • WangCSwerdloffRKipnesMMatsumotoAMNew testosterone buccal system (Striant) delivers physiological testosterone levels: pharmacokinetics study in hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2004893821382915292312
  • JockenhovelFVogelEKreutzerMReinhardtWLederbogenSReinweinDPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous testosterone implants in hypogonadal menClin Endocrinol1996456171
  • KelleherSConwayAJHandelsmanDJInfluence of implantation site and track geometry on the extrusion rate and pharmacology of testosterone implantsClin Endocrinol200155531536
  • HandelsmanDJClinical pharmacology of testosterone pellet implantsNieschlagEBehreHMTestosterone action deficiency substitution2nd edBerlinSpringer-Verlag1998349364
  • LyngdorfPHemmingsenLEpidemiology of erectile dysfunction and its risk factors: a practice-based study in DenmarkInt J Impot Res20041610511114973529
  • SelvinEBurnettALPlatzEAPrevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in the USAm J Med200712015115717275456
  • SchiaviRCSchreiner-EngelPWhiteDMandeliJPituitary-gonadal function during sleep in men with hypoactive sexual desire and in normal controlsPsychosomat Med198850304318
  • NilssonPMollerLSolkadKAdverse effects of psychosocial stress on gonadal function and insulin levels in middle aged malesJ Intern Med19952374794867738488
  • SchiaviRCRehmanJSexuality and agingUrol Clin North Am1995227117267483124
  • GrayPBSinghABWoodhouseLJDose-dependent effects of testosterone on sexual function, mood, and visuospatial cognition in older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2005903838384615827094
  • MoralesABuvatJGoorenLJEndocrine aspects of sexual dysfunction in menJ Sex Med20041698116422986
  • YassinAASaadFDramatic improvement of penile venous leakage upon testosterone administration. A case report and review of literatureAndrologia200638343716420241
  • LivermanCTBlazerDGTestosterone and aging: clinical research directionsWashington, DCInstitute of Medicine. The National Academies Press2004
  • KrauseWMuellerUMazurATestosterone supplementation in the aging male: which questions have been answered?Aging Male20058313816106921
  • HajjarRRKaiserFEMorleyJEOutcomes of long-term testosterone replacement in older hypogonadal males: a retrospective analysisJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19978237939360543
  • ShabsighRThe effects of testosterone on the cavernous tissue and erectile functionWorld J Urol19971521269066090
  • MorleyJEPerryHMKaiserFEEffect of testosterone replacement therapy in old hypogonadal males: a preliminary studyJ Am Geriatr Soc1993411491528426037
  • CavalliniGCaraccioloSVitaliGModeniniFBiagiottiGCarnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male agingUrology20046364164615072869
  • SnyderPJPeacheyHHannoushPBerlinJALohLLenrowDAEffect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of ageJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1999842647265310443654
  • MeikleAWArverSDobsASSandersSWMazerNAAndroderm: A permeation-enhanced, non-scrotal testosterone transdermal system for the treatment of male hypogonadismBhasinPharmacology, biology, and clinical applications of androgensNew York, NYWiley Liss, Inc1996449457
  • CoronaGPetroneLFisherADMansaniRBandiniESix-month administration of 1% testosterone gel is able to restore erectile function in hypogonadal patients with erectile dysfunctionArch Ital Urol Androl200880310310819009866
  • BlackAMDayAGMoralesAThe reliability of clinical and biochemical assessment in symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism: Can a case be made for a 3-month therapeutic trial?BJU Int2004941066107015541129
  • ShabsighRKaufmanJMSteidleCPadma-NathanHRandomized study of testosterone gel as adjunctive therapy to sildenafil in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction who do not respond to sildenafil aloneJ Urol200417265866315247755
  • GreensteinAMabjeeshNJSoferMKaverIMatzkinHChenJDoes sildenafil combined with testosterone gel improve erectile dysfunction in hypogonadal men in whom testosterone supplement therapy alone failed?J Urol200517353053215643239
  • BehreHMTestosterone and erectionNieschlagEBehreHMTestosterone: action, deficiency, substitutionCambridgeCambridge University Press2004333346
  • KalintchenkoSYKozlovGIGontcharovNPOral testosterone undecanoate reverses erectile dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus in patients failing on sildenafil citrate therapy aloneAging Male20036949912898793
  • GrecoEASperaGAversaACombining testosterone and PDE5 inhibitors in erectile dysfunction: basic rationale and clinical evidencesEur Urol20065094094716979814
  • AversaAIsidoriAMGrecoEAGiannettaEGianfrilliDSperaEHormonal supplementation and erectile dysfunctionEur Urol20044553553815082192
  • MinerMCantyDJShabsighRTestosterone replacement therapyPostgrad Med2008120313015318824832
  • KarazindiyanoğluSCayanSThe effect of testosterone therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder and sexual functions in men with symptomatic late-onset hypogonadismAging Male200811314614918821291
  • FairfieldWPFinkelsteinJSKlibanskiAGrinspoonSKOsteopenia in eugonadal men with acquired immune deficiency syndrome wasting syndromeJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2001862020202611344201
  • MeierCNguyenTVHandelsmanDJEndogenous sex hormones and incident fracture risk in older men: the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology StudyArch Intern Med2008168475418195195
  • KennyAMPrestwoodKMMarcelloKMRaiszLGDeterminants of bone density in healthy older men with low testosterone levelsJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200055M492M49710995046
  • FinkHAEwingSKEnsrudKEAssociation of testosterone and estradiol deficiency with osteoporosis and rapid bone loss in older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2006911039083901516849417
  • CompstonJESex steroids and bonePhysiol Rev200181141944711152762
  • AmoryJKWattsNBEasleyKAExogenous testosterone or testosterone with finasteride increases bone mineral density in older men with low serum testosteroneJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20048950351014764753
  • SvartbergJAgledahlIFigenschauYSildnesTWaterlooKJordeRTestosterone treatment in elderly men with subnormal testosterone levels improves body composition and BMD in the hipInt J Impot Res200820437838718480825
  • BehreHHKlieschSLeifkeELinkTMNieschlagELong term effect of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density in hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199782238623909253305
  • SaggeseGBertelloniSBaroncelliGISex steroids and acquisition of bone massHorm Res19974865729434047
  • CenterJRNguyenTVSambrookPNEismanJAHormonal and biochemical parameters in the determination of osteoporosis in elderly menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1999843626363510523006
  • HolzbeierleinJMCastleEThrasherJBComplications of androgen deprivation therapy: prevention and treatmentOncology (Williston Park)200418330330915065701
  • Van den BeldAWde JongFHGrobbeeDEPolsHALambertsSWMeasures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle strength, bone density, and body composition in elderly menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20008593276328210999822
  • MichaelHHärkönenPLVäänänenHKHentunenTAEstrogen and testosterone use different cellular pathways to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone resorptionJ Bone Miner Res200520122224223216294275
  • TenoverJSEffects of testosterone supplementation in the aging maleJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199275109210981400877
  • FreitasSSBarrett-ConnorEEnsrudKERate and circumstances of clinical vertebral fractures in older menOsteoporos Int20081961562318038109
  • SchousboeJTTaylorBCFinkHACost-effectiveness of bone densitometry followed by treatment of osteoporosis in older menJAMA200729862963717684185
  • KennyAMPrestwoodKMGrumanCAMarcelloKMRaiszLGEffects of transdermal testosterone on bone and muscle in older men with low bioavailable testosterone levelsJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200156266272
  • De RosaMPaesanoLNuzzoVBone mineral density and bone markers in hypogonadotropic and hypergonadotropic hypogonadal men after prolonged testosterone treatmentJ Endocrinol Invest200124424625211383911
  • BehreHMKlieschSLeifkeELinkTMNieschlagELong-term effect of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density in hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19978223869253305
  • LeifkeEKornerHCLinkTMBehreHMPetersPENieschlagEEffects of testosterone replacement on cortical and trabecular bone mineral density, vertebral body area and paraspinal muscle area in hypogonadal menEur J Endocrinol1991385158
  • MichalJTraczSiderasKBolonERAClinical review: testosterone use in men and its effects on bone health. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trialsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab9162011201616720668
  • AndersonFHFrancisRMFaulknerKAndrogen supplementation in eugonadal men with osteoporosis. Effects of 6 months of treatment on bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factorsBone1996181711788833211
  • AmoryJKWattsNBEasleyKAExogenous testosterone or testosterone with finasteride increases bone mineral density in older men with low serum testosteroneJ Clin Endocrniol Metab200489503510
  • BhasinSregulation of body composition by androgensJ Endocrinol Invest200326981482214964432
  • FronteraWRHughesVVFiataroneMAFieldingRAAging and skeletal muscle: a 12 year longitudinal studyJ Appl Physiol2000881321132610749826
  • ReedRLPearlmutterLJochumKMeredithKEMooradianADThe relationship between muscle mass and muscle strength in the elderlyJ Am Geriatr Soc1991395555911805811
  • MaurasNHayesVWelchSTestosterone deficiency in young men; marked alterations in whole body protein kinetics, strength, and adiposityJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199838618861892
  • BaumgartnerRNWatersDLGallagherDMorleyJEGarryPJPredictors of skeletal muscle mass in elderly men and womenMech Ageing Dev199910712313610220041
  • VerhaarHJJSamsonMMAlemanAde VriesWRde VreedePLKoppeschaarHPFThe relationship between indices of muscle function and circulating anabolic hormones in healthyAging Male200037580
  • MudaliSDobsASEffects of testosterone on body composition of the aging maleMech Ageing Dev2004125429730415063106
  • FerrandoAASheffield-MooreMPaddon-JonesDWolfeRRUrbanRJDifferential anabolic effects of testosterone and amino acid feeding in older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20038835836212519877
  • PageSTAmoryJKBowmanFDExogenous testosterone (T) alone or with finasteride increases physical performance, grip strength, and lean body mass in older men with low serum TJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2005901502151015572415
  • HarmanSMBlackmanMRThe effects of growth hormone and sex steroid on lean body mass, fat mass, muscle strength, cardiovascular endurance and adverse events in healthy elderly women and menHorm Res200360121124
  • TenoverJSAndrogen administration in aging menEndocrinol Metab Clin199423877889
  • UrbanRJBodenburgCGilkisonCTestosterone administration to elderly men increases skeletal muscle strength and protein synthesisAm J Physiol1995269E820E8267491931
  • SihRMorleyJEKaiserFEPerryHMIIIPatrickPRossCTestosterone replacement in older hypogonadal men: a 12 months randomized controlled studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199782166116679177359
  • MorleyJEPerryHM3rdKaiserFEEffects of testosterone replacement therapy in old hypogonadal males: a preliminary studyJ Am Geriatr Soc1993411491528426037
  • PerryHMMillerDKPatrickPTestosterone and leptin in older African-American men: relationship to age, strength, function, and seasonMetabolism2000491085109110954031
  • BreuerBTrungoldSMartucciCRelationship of sex hormone levels to dependence of daily living in the frail elderlyMaturitas20013914715911514113
  • BhasinSTestosterone supplementation for aging-associated sarcopeniaJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200358111002100814630881
  • SteidleCSchwartzSJacobyKAA2500 testosterone gel normalizes androgen levels in aging males with improvements in body composition and sexual functionJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2003882673268112788872
  • WangCCunninghamGDobsALong-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2004892085209815126525
  • Barrett-ConnorEVon MuhlenDGKritz-SilversteinDBioavailable testosterone and depressed mood in older men: the Rancho Bernardo StudyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19998457357710022418
  • SchmidtPJBerlinKLDanaceauMAThe effects of pharmacologically induced hypogonadism on mood in healthy menArch Gen Psychiatry200461997100415466673
  • BoothAJohnsonDRGrangerDATestosterone and men’s depression: the role of social behaviorJ Health Soc Behav19994013014010467760
  • KratzikCWSchatzlGLacknerJEMood changes, body mass index and bioavailable testosterone in healthy men: results of the Androx Vienna Municipality StudyBJU Int200710061461817550413
  • SeidmanSNSpatzERizzoCRooseSPTestosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadal men with major depressive disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trialJ Clin Psychiatry200162640641211465516
  • EnglishKMSteedsRPJonesTHDiverMJChannerKSLow-dose transdermal testosterone therapy improves angina threshold in men with chronic stable angina: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyCirculation20001021906191111034937
  • ReddyPWhiteCMDunnABMoynaNMThompsonPDThe effect of testosterone on health-related quality of life in elderly males: a pilot studyJ Clin Pharm Ther20002542142611123495
  • TrickerRCasaburiRStorerTWThe effects of supraphysiological doses of testosterone on angry behavior in healthy eugonadal men: a clinical research center studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199681375437588855834
  • HarenMTWittertGAChapmanIMEffect of oral testosterone undecanoate on visuospatial cognition, mood and quality of life in elderly men with low–normal gonadal statusMaturitas20055012413315653010
  • PopeHGJKouriEMHudsonJIEffects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men. A randomized controlled trialArch Gen Psychiatry20005713314010665615
  • SuTPPagliaroMSchmidtPJNeuropsychiatric effects of anabolic steroids in male normal volunteersJAMA1993269276027648492402
  • WangCWAlexanderGBermanNTestosterone replacement therapy improves mood in hypogonadal menóa clinical research center studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab19968135788855804
  • LunenfeldBNieschlagETestosterone therapy in the aging maleAging Male20071013915317701658
  • MorleyJETestosterone replacement in older men and womenJ Gend Specif Med20014495311480098
  • GruenewaldDAMatsumotoAMTestosterone supplementation therapy for older men: potential benefits and risksJ Am Geriatr Soc20035110111512534854
  • EhrenreichHHalarisARuetherEPsychoendocrine sequelae of chronic testosterone deficiencyJ Psychiatr Res199933b379387
  • HeuserIHartmannAOertelHAndrogen replacement in a 48, XXYY-male patientArch Gen Psychiatry19995619419510025446
  • SeidmanSNRabkinJGTestosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadal men with SSRI-refractory depressionJ Affect Disord1998482–31571619543205
  • OrengoCAFullertonLKunikMESafety and efficacy of testosterone gel 1% augmentation in depressed men with partial response to antidepressant therapyJ Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol200518202415681624
  • RabkinJGWagnerGJRabkinRTestosterone therapy for HIV+ men with and without clinical hypogonadismJ Clin Psychopharmacol19991919279934939
  • GrinspoonSCorcoranCStanleyTEffects of hypogonadism and testosterone administration on depression indices in HIV-infected menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab200085606510634364
  • SeidmanSNMiyazakiMRooseSPIntramuscular testosterone supplementation to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in treatment-resistant depressed men: randomized placebo-controlled clinical trialJ Clin Psychopharmacol20052558458816282843
  • PerryPJYatesWRWilliamsRDTestosterone therapy in late-life major depression in malesJ Clin Psychiatry2002631096110112523867
  • SeidmanSNAraujoABRooseSPMcKinlayJBTestosterone level, androgen receptor polymorphism, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged menBiol Psychiatry20015037137611543741
  • HarkonenKHuhtaniemiIMakinenJThe polymorphic androgen receptor gene CAG repeat, pituitary-testicular function and andropausal symptoms in ageing menInt J Androl20032618719412755998
  • AmiazRASeidmanSNStuartNBTestosterone and depression in menCurr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes200815327828318438177
  • ShamlianNTColeMGAndrogen treatment of depressive symptoms in older men: a systematic review of feasibility and effectivenessCan J Psychiatry20065129529916986819
  • KanayamaGAmiazRSeidmanSNPopeHGJTestosterone supplementation for depressed men: current research and suggested treatment guidelinesExp Clin Psychopharmacol20071552953818179305
  • GillettMJMartinsRNClarnetteRMChubbSABruceDGYeapBBRelationship between testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and plasma amyloid beta peptide 40 in older men with subjective memory loss or dementiaJ Alzheimers Dis2003526726914624021
  • MorleyJEKaiserFRaumWJPotentially predictive and manipulable blood serum correlates of aging in the healthy human male: progressive decreases in bioavailable testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and the ratio of insulin-like growth factor 1 to growth hormoneProc Natl Acad Sci U S A199794753775429207127
  • MoffatSDZondermanABMetterEJKawasCBlackmanMRHarmanSMFree testosterone and risk for Alzheimer disease in older menNeurology20046218819314745052
  • HogervorstEBandelowSCombrinckMSmithADLow free testosterone is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer’s diseaseExp Gerontol2004391633163915582279
  • McKeeverWFDeyoATestosterone, dihydrotestosterone and spatial task performance of malesBull Psychonomic Soc199028305308
  • Barrett-ConnorEGoodman-GruenDPatayBEndogenous sex hormones and cognitive function in older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1999843681368510523014
  • YaffeKLuiL-YZmudaJCauleyJSex hormones and cognitive function in older menJ Am Geriatr Soc20025070771211982672
  • ThilersPPMacDonaldSWSHerlitzAThe association between endogenous free testosterone and cognitive performance: a population-based study in 35–90 year-old men and womenPsychoneuroendocrinology20063156557616487665
  • YeapBBAlmeidaOPHydeZChubbSAPHankeyGJJamrozikKHigher serum free testosterone is associated with better cognitive function in older men, whilst total testosterone is not. The Health In Men StudyClin Endocrinol200868404412
  • FondaSJBertrandRO’DonnellALongcopeCMcKinlayJBAge, hormones, and cognitive functioning among middle aged and elderly men: cross-sectional evidence from the Massachusetts Male Aging StudyJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci20056038539015860479
  • YonkerJEErikssonENilssonL-GHerlitzANegative association of testosterone on spatial visualisation in 35 to 80 year old menCortex20064237638616771043
  • MartinDMWittertGBurnsNRHarenMTSugarmanRTestosterone and cognitive function in ageing men: data from the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study (FAMAS)Maturitas20075718219417287097
  • BurkhardtMSFosterJKClarnetteRMChubbSAPBruceDGDrummondPDInteraction between testosterone and apolipoprotein E e4 status on cognition in healthy older menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2006911168117216368754
  • ChuLWTamSLeePWBioavailable testosterone is associated with a reduced risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment in older menClin Endocrinol (Oxf)200868458959817973937
  • CherrierMMRoseALHiganoCThe effects of combined androgen blockade on cognitive function during the first cycle of intermittent androgen suppression in patients with prostate cancerJ Urol20031701808181114532781
  • SalminenEKPortinRIKoskinenAHeleniusHNurmiMAssociations between serum testosterone fall and cognitive function in prostate cancer patientsClin Cancer Res2004107575758215569988
  • AlmeidaOPWaterreusASpryNFlickerLMartinsRNOne year follow-up study of the association between chemical castration, sex hormones, beta-amyloid, memory and depression in menPsychoneuroendocrinology20042981071108115219659
  • HogervorstEWilliamsJBudgeMBarnetsonLCombrinckMSmithADSerum total testosterone is lower in men with Alzheimer’s diseaseNeuro Endocrinol Lett200122316316811449190
  • BowenRLIsleyJPAtkinsonRLAn association of elevated serum gonadotropin concentrations and Alzheimer disease?J Neuroendocrinol200012435135410718932
  • GibbsRBGaborREstrogen and cognition: applying preclinical findings to clinical perspectivesJ Neurosci Res200374563764314635215
  • BeauchetOTestosterone and cognitive function: current clinical evidence of a relationshipEur J Endocrinol200615577378117132744
  • OrwollESOviattSKBiddleJTransdermal testosterone supplementation in normal older menProc 74th Meeting of The Endocrine SocSan Antonio, TX1992319
  • AlexanderGMSwerdloffRSWangCAndrogen-behavior correlations in hypogonadal men and eugonadal menHorm Behav19983385949647934
  • JanowskiSCOviattSKOrwollESTestosterone influences spatial cognition in older menBehav Neurosci19941083253328037876
  • JanowskyJSChavezBJOrwollESex steroids modify working memoryCogn Neurosci200012407414
  • CherrierMMCraftSMatsumotoAHCognitive changes associated with supplementation of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in mildly hypogonadal men: a preliminary reportJ Androl20032456857612826696
  • CherrierMMMatsumotoAMAmoryJKAsthanaSBremnerWPeskindERTestosterone improves spatial memory in men with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairmentNeurology2005642063206815985573
  • LuPHMastermanDAMulnardRCotmanCMillerBYaffeKEffects of testosterone on cognition and mood in male patients with mild Alzheimer disease and healthy elderly menArch Neurol20066317718516344336
  • MakiPMErnstMLondonEDMordecaiKLPerschlerPDursoSCIntramuscular testosterone treatment in elderly men: evidence of memory decline and altered brain functionJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2007924107411417726086
  • TanRSCulbersonJWAn integrative review on current evidence of testosterone replacement therapyfor the andropauseMaturitas200345152712753940
  • KennyAMFabregasGSongCBiskupBBellantonioSEffects of testosterone on behavior, depression, and cognitive function in older men with mild cognitive lossJ Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci200459757814718489
  • van den BeldAWBotsMLJanssenJAPolsHALambertsSWGrobbeeDEEndogenous hormones and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly menAm J Epidemiol2003157253112505887
  • MakinenJJarvisaloMJPollanenPPerheentupaAIrjalaKKoskenvuoMIncreased carotid atherosclerosis in andropausal middle-aged menJ Am Coll Cardiol2005451603160815893174
  • MullerMvan den BeldAWBotsMLGrobbeeDELambertsSWvander SchouwYTEndogenous sex hormones and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in elderly menCirculation20041092074207915096452
  • TivestenAMellstromDJutbergerHFagerbergBLernfeltBOrwollELow serum testosterone and high serum estradiol associate with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in elderly men. The MrOS Study in SwedenJ Am Coll Cardiol2007501070107617825717
  • HakAEWittemanJCMde JongFHGeerlingsMIHofmanAPolsHAPLow levels of endogenous androgens increase the risk of atherosclerosis in elderly men: the Rotterdam studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2002873632363912161487
  • KapoorDClarkeSChannerKSJonesTHErectile dysfunction is associated with low bioactive testosterone levels and visceral adiposity in men with type 2 diabetesInt J Androl20073050050718028199
  • MaRC-WSoW-YYangXYuLW-LKongAP-SKoGT-CErectile dysfunction predicts coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetesJ Am Coll Cardiol2008512045205018498959
  • VermeulenAKaufmanJMGiagulliVAInfluence of some biological indices on the sex hormone binding globulin and androgens in aging and obese menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199681182118278626841
  • ZumoffBStrainGWMillerLKPlasma free and non sex-hormone-binding-globulin-bound testosterone are decreased in obese men in proportion to their degree of obesityJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1990719299312401718
  • PasqualiRCasimirriFCantobelliSEffect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in menMetabolism1991401011041984562
  • KalyaniRRDobsASAndrogen deficiency, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome in menCurr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes20071422623417940444
  • SelvinEFeinleibMZhangLAndrogens and diabetes in men: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)Diabetes Care20073023423817259487
  • HaffnerSMValdezRASternMPObesity, body fat distribution and sex hormones in menInt J Obes199317634639
  • PhillipsGBRelationships in men of sex hormones, insulin, adiposity, and risk factors for myocardial infarctionMetabolism20035278479012800107
  • CohenPGThe hypogonadal-obesity cycleMed Hypotheses199952495110342671
  • JonesTHTestosterone associations with erectile dysfunction, diabetes and the metabolic syndromeEur Urol (Suppl)20076847857
  • ErFMichelsGGassanovNRiveroFHoppeUCTestosterone induces cytoprotection by activating ATPsensitive Kþ channels in the cardiac mitochondrial inner membraneCirculation20041103100310715520315
  • NettleshipJEJonesTHChannerKSJonesRDPhysiological testosterone replacement therapy attenuates fatty streak formation and improves high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Tfm mouseCirculation20071162427243417984376
  • KalmeTSeppalaMQiaoQSex hormone-binding globulin and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 as indicators of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in elderly menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2005901550155615613437
  • KupelianVPageSTAraujoABLow sex hormone-binding globulin, total testosterone, and symptomatic androgen deficiency are associated with development of the metabolic syndrome in nonobese menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20069184385016394089
  • DerbyCAZilberSBrambillaDMoralesKHMcKinlayJBBody mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio and change in sex steroid hormones: the Massachusetts Male Ageing StudyClin Endocrinol (Oxf)20066512513116817831
  • RodriguezAMullerDCMetterEJAging, androgens, and the metabolic syndrome in a longitudinal study of agingJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2007923568357217595254
  • SimonDPreziosiPBarrett-ConnorEInterrelation between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in healthy adult men: the Telecom StudyDiabetologia1992351731771547923
  • Barrett-ConnorEKhawKTEndogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in men: a prospective population-based studyCirculation1988785395453409497
  • PitteloudNMoothaVKDwyerAARelationship between testosterone levels, insulin sensitivity, and mitochondrial function in menDiabetes Care2005281636164215983313
  • MünzerTHarmanSMChristmasCEffects of administration of testosterone and/or GH in healthy aged men [abstract]Presented at 2nd World Congress on the Aging MaleGeneva, Switzeland2000Aging Male200033
  • AbateNHaffnerSMGargASex steroid hormones, upper body obesity and insulin resistanceJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2002874522452712364429
  • KapoorDGoodwinEChannerKSJonesTHTestosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetesEur J Endocrinol200615489990616728551
  • CorralesJJBurgoRMGarca-BerrocalBPartial androgen deficiency in aging type 2 diabetic men and its relationship to glycemic controlMetabolism20045366667215131775
  • BasuRDallaMCCampioniMEffect of 2 years of testosterone replacement on insulin secretion, insulin action, glucose effectiveness, hepatic insulin clearance, and postprandial glucose turnover in elderly menDiabetes Care2007301972197817496236
  • TenoverJLEffects of androgen supplementation in aging malesOddensBVermeulenAAndrogens and the aging maleNew York, LondonParthenon Publishing Group1996191204
  • HaffnerJMAndrogens in relation to cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance in aging menOddensBVermeulenAAndrogens and the aging maleNew York, LondonParthenon Publishing Group19966584
  • MoorjaniSDupontALabrieFIncrease in plasma high density lipoprotein concentration following complete androgen blockade in men with prostatic carcinomaMetabolism1987362442503102895
  • WhitselEABoykoEJMatsumotoAMAnawaltBDSiscovickDSIntramuscular testosterone esters and plasma lipids in hypogonadal men: a meta-analysisAm J Med200111126126911566455
  • Emmelot-VonkMHVerhaarHJNakhai PourHREffect of testosterone supplementation on functional mobility, cognition, and other parameters in older men: a randomized controlled trialJAMA20082996634
  • DobsASMeikleAWArverSSandersSWCaramelliKEMazerNAPharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a permeation enhanced testosterone transdermal system in comparison with bi-weekly injections of testosterone enanthate for the treatment of hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1999843469347810522982
  • MarinPHolmängSGustafsonCAndrogen treatment of abdominally obese menObesity Res19931245248
  • MarinPLonnBAnderssonBOdenBOlbeLBengtssonBAAssimilation of triglycerides in subcutaneous and intra-abdominal adipose tissues in vivo in menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab199681101810228772568
  • XuXDe PergolaGBjorntorpPTestosterone increases lipolysis and the number ß-adrenoreceptors in male rat adipocytesEndocrinology19911283793811846106
  • MarinPOdenBBjörntorpPAssimilation and mobilization of triglycerides in subcutaneous abdominal and femoral adipose tissue in vivo in men: effects of androgensJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1995802392437829619
  • ZmudaJMFahrenbachMCYounkinBTThe effect of testosterone aromatization on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and postheparin lipolytic activityMetabolism1993424464508487666
  • JacobsDRJrMebaneILBangdiwalaSICriquiMHTyrolerHAHigh density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women: the follow-up study of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence StudyAm J Epidemiol199013132472293751
  • SinghABHsiaSAlaupovicPThe effects of varying doses of T on insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and C-reactive protein in healthy young menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab20028713614311788637
  • PhillipsGPinkernellBHJingTYThe association between hypotestosteronemia and coronary heart disease in menArterioscler Thromb1994147017068172848
  • VermeulenAGoemaereSKaufmanJMSex hormones, body composition and agingAging Male19992815
  • SeidellJCBjörntorpPSjöströmLKvistHSannerstedtRVisceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levelsMetabolism1990398979012202881
  • TchernofALabrieFBelangerARelationships between endogenous sex steroid hormones, sex hormone binding globulin and lipoprotein levels in men: contribution of visceral obesity, insulin levels and other metabolic variablesAtherosclerosis19971332352449298684
  • KannellWBCupplesLARamaswamiRStokesJJrKregerBEHiggingsMRegional obesity and the risk of coronary disease: The Framingham StudyJ Clin Epidemiol1991441831901995775
  • BjörntorpPVisceral obesity: a civilisation syndromeObes Res1993120622216350574
  • KabakciGYildirirACanIUnsalIErbasBRelationship between endogenous sex hormone levels, lipoproteins and coronary atherosclerosis in men undergoing coronary angiographyCardiology19999222122510844380
  • HaddadRMKennedyCCCaplesSMTestosterone and cardiovascular risk in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trialsMayo Clin Proc2007821111317285780
  • AllanCAMcLachlanRIAge-related changes in testosterone and the role of replacement therapy in older menClin Endocrinol200460653670
  • HaffnerJEMossSEKleinBEKKleinRSex hormones and DHEASO4 in relation to ischemic heart disease in diabetic subjects. The WESDR StudyDiabetes Care199619104510508886548
  • Barrett-ConnorEKhawKSEndogenous sex hormone levels and cardiovascular disease in men: a prospective population based studyCirculation1988788539543
  • CauleyJAGutaiJPKullerLHDaiWSUsefulness of sex steroid hormone levels in predicting coronary artery disease in menAm J Cardiol1987607717773661391
  • GoldbergRBRabinANAlexanderANDoelleGCGetzGSSuppression of plasma testosterone leads to an increase in serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol and Apo A and BJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1985602032073917267
  • CaronPBennetACamareLLouvetJPBoneuSSiePPlasminogen activator inhibitor in plasma is related to testosterone in manMetabolism198938101010132507874
  • PoldermanKHStehouwerCDAvan de KampGJDekkerGHVerheugtFWAGoorenLJGInfluence of sex hormones on plasma endothelin levelsAnn Intern Med19931184294318439117
  • AjayiAATestosterone increases platelet thromboxane A2 receptor densityCirculation19959127402747
  • SpivakJLThe blood in systemic disordersLancet20003551707171210905258
  • ZitzmannMNieschlagEAndrogens and erythropoiesisNieschlagEBehreHMTestosterone: action, deficiency, substitutionCambridgeCambridge University Press2004283296
  • MarksLSMazerNAMostaghelEEffect of testosterone replacement therapy on prostate tissue in men with late-onset hypogonadism: a randomized controlled trialJAMA2006296192369237117105801
  • HolyoakJDCrawfordEDMeachamRBtestosterone and the testosterone: implications for the treatment of hypogonadal menCurr Urol Rep2008950050518947516
  • RoddamAWAllenNEApplebyPKeyTJEndogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer: a collaborative analysis of 18 prospective studiesJ Natl Cancer Inst20081001708318230794
  • CarpenterWRRobinsonWRGodleyPAGetting over testosterone: postulating a fresh start for etiologic studies of prostate cancerJ Natl Cancer Inst200810015815918230791
  • HolmängSMarinPLindstedtGHedelinHEffect of long-term oral testosterone-undecanoate treatment on prostatic volume and serum prostate specific antigen in eugonadal middle-aged menProstate199323991067690956
  • KriegMNassRTunnSEffect of aging on endogenous level of 5a-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, estradiol, and estrone in epithelium and stroma of normal and hyperplastic human prostateJ Clin Endocrinol Metab1993773753817688377
  • SlaterSOliverRTDTestosterone: its role in development of prostate cancer and potential risk from use as hormone replacement therapyDrugs Aging20001743143911200304
  • PecherskyAVMazurovVISemiglazovVFKarpischenkoAIMikhailichenkoVVUdintsevAVAndrogen administration in middle-aged and ageing men: effects of oral testosterone undecanoate on dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol and prostate volumeInt J Androl20022511912511903662
  • CurranMJBihrleWIIIDramatic rise in prostate-specific antigen after androgen replacement in a hypogonadal man with occult adenocarcinoma of the prostateUrology1999534234249933071
  • LoughlinKRRichieJPProstate cancer after exogenous testosterone treatment for impotenceJ Urol199715718459112543
  • RhodenELMorgentalerATestosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men at high risk for prostate cancer: results of 1 year of treatment in men with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasiaJ Urol20031706 pt 12348235114634413
  • SnyderPJPeacheyHBerlinJAEffects of testosterone replacement in hypogonadal menJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2000852670267710946864
  • CarterHBPearsonJDMetterEJLongitudinal evaluation of serum androgen levels in men with and without prostate cancerProstate19952725317541528
  • HeikkilaRAhoKHeliovaaraMSerum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations and the risk of prostate carcinoma: a longitudinal studyCancer19998631231510421267
  • AgarwalPKOefeleinMGTestosterone replacement therapy after primary treatment for prostate cancerJ Urol200517353353615643240
  • FerreiraULeitaoVADenardiFMatheusWEStopigliaRMNettoNRJrIntermittent androgen replacement for intense hypogonadism symptoms in castrated patientsProstate Cancer Prostatic Dis20069394116276352
  • WeissJMHuangWYRinaldiSEndogenous sex hormones and the risk of prostate cancer: a prospective studyInt J Cancer2008122102345235018172860
  • FowlerJEJrWhitmoreWFJrConsiderations for the use of testosterone with systemic chemotherapy in prostatic cancerCancer198249137313777059952
  • McConnellJDProstatic growth: new insights into hormonal regulationBr J Urol199576Suppl 15107544215
  • SarosdyMFTestosterone replacement for hypogonadism after treatment of early prostate cancer with brachytherapyCancer200710953654117183557
  • KheraMLipshultzLIThe role of testosterone replacement therapy following radical prostatectomyUrol Clin North Am20073454955317983894
  • SwerdloffRSWangCThree-year follow-up of androgen treatment in hypogonadal men: preliminary report with testosterone gelAging Male2003620721114628501
  • El-SakkaAIHassobaHMElbakryAMHassanHAProstatic specific antigen in patients with hypogonadism: effect of testosterone replacementJ Sex Med2005223524016422891
  • RhodenELMorgentalerAInfluence of demographic factors and biochemical characteristics on the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response to testosterone replacement therapyInt J Impot Res20061820120516177827
  • KuhnertBByrneMSimoniMTestosterone substitution with a new transdermal, hydroalcoholic gel applied to scrotal or non-scrotal skin: a multicentre trialEur J Endocrinol200515331732616061839
  • ParekhDJAnkerstDPHigginsBAExternal validation of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator in a screened populationUrology2006681152115517169636
  • ThompsonIMAnkerstDPChiCAssessing prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention TrialJ Natl Cancer Inst20069852953416622122
  • ThompsonIMCarrollPRCarducciMARecommendations for defining and treating high risk localized prostate cancerJ Urol2006176S6S1017084170
  • Summary from the second annual andropause consensus meetingChevy Chase, MdEndocrine Society2001
  • BhasinSSinghABMacRPCarterBLeeMICunninghamGRManaging the risks of prostate disease during testosterone replacement therapy in older men: recommendations for a standardized monitoring planJ Androl20032429931112721204
  • RhodenELAverbeckMATelokenPEAndrogen replacement in men undergoing treatment for prostate cancerJ Sex Med2008592202220818638000
  • WestabyDOgleSJParadinasFJRandellJBMurray-LyonIMLiver damage from long-term methyltestosteroneLancet1977226226369876
  • GurakarACaraceniPFagiuoliSVan ThielDHAndrogenic/anabolic steroid-induced intrahepatic cholestasis: a review with four additional case reportsJ Okla State Med Assoc1994873994047996313
  • SoeKLSoeMGluudCLiver pathology associated with the use of anabolic-androgenic steroidsLiver19921273791535676
  • BasariaSDobsASRisks versus benefits of testosterone therapy in elderly menDrugs Aging19991513114210495072
  • The Endocrine SocietyClinical bulletins in andropause: benefits and risks of treating hypogonadism in the aging maleEndocr Rep2002216
  • KimYCTestosterone supplementation in the aging maleInt J Impot Res19991134335210637467
  • ViallardJFMaritGMerciePLengBReiffersJPellegrinJLPolycythaemia as a complication of transdermal testosterone therapyBr J Haematol200011023723810931008
  • DrinkaPJJochenALCuisinierMBloomRRudmanIRudmanDPolycythemia as a complication of testosterone replacement therapy in nursing home men with low testosterone levelsJ Am Geriatr Soc1995438999017636099
  • NieschlagETestosterone treatment comes of age: new options for hypogonadal menClin Endocrinol (Oxf)20066527528116918944
  • UzychLAnabolic-androgenic steroids and psychiatric-related effects: a reviewCan J Psychiatry19923723281551042
  • BahrkeMSYesalisCEIIIWrightJEPsychological and behavioural effects of endogenous testosterone levels and anabolic-androgenic steroids among males: a reviewSports Med1990103033372263798
  • BagatellCJBremnerWJAndrogens in men – uses and abusesN Engl J Med19963347077148594431
  • World Health OrganizationContraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia in normal men. World Health Organization Task Force on methods for the regulation of male fertilityLancet33695519901977002
  • World Health OrganizationContraceptive efficacy of testosterone-induced azoospermia and oligozoopermia in normal menFertil Steril1996658218654646
  • WilsonJDAndrogen abuse by athletesEndocr Rev198891811993042375
  • LuboshitzkyRAvivAHefetzAHererPShen-OrrZLavieLLaviePDecreased pituitary-gonadal secretion in men with obstructive sleep apneaJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2002873394339812107256
  • SchneiderBKPickettCKZwillichCWInfluence of testosterone on breathing during sleepJ Appl Physiol1986616186233745052
  • MatsumotoAMSandblomRESchoeneRBTestosterone replacement in hypogonadal men: effects on obstructive sleep apnea, respiratory drives, and sleepClin Endocrinol (Oxf)1985227137214017261
  • von EckardsteinSNieschlagETreatment of male hypogonadism with testosterone undecanoate injected at extended intervals of 12 weeks: a phase II studyJ Androl20022341942512002444
  • TangrediJFBuxtonLLHypertension as a complication of topical testosterone therapyAnn Pharmacother2001351205120711675846
  • de RondeWHyperandrogenism after transfer of topical testosterone gel: case report and review of published and unpublished studiesHum Reprod200924242542818948313
  • CunninghamGRTestosterone replacement therapy for late-onset hypogonadismNat Clin Pract Urol20063526026716691239
  • CunninghamGRMale hypogonadism: management strategies. News and views on male testosterone deficiencyA Supplement to Renal &Urology News200613
  • KalyaniRRGaviniSDobsASMale hypogonadism in systemic diseaseEndocrinol Metab Clin North Am200736633334817543722