56
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Editorial

Summary of the 2007 European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension

Pages 783-795 | Published online: 28 Dec 2022

References

  • AmarJChamontinBGenesNWhy is hypertension so frequently uncontrolled in secondary prevention?J Hypertens200321119920512777958
  • AmbrosioniEPharmacoeconomic challenges in disease management of hypertensionJ Hypertens200119Suppl 3S3340
  • ArimaHChalmersJWoodwardMLower target blood pressures are safe and effective for the prevention of recurrent stroke: the PROGRESS trialJ Hypertens2006241201816685221
  • Asia Pacific Cohort Studies CollaborationJoint effects of systolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol on cardiovascular disease in the Asia Pacific regionCirculation200511233849016301345
  • AssmannGSchulteHThe Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study: prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart diseaseAm Heart J19881161713243202078
  • BlacherJStaessenJAGirerdXPulse pressure not mean pressure determines cardiovascular risk in older hypertensive patientsArch Intern Med20001601085910789600
  • BobrieGChatellierGGenesNCardiovascular prognosis of “masked hypertension” detected by blood pressure self-measurement in elderly treated hypertensive patientsJAMA20042911342915026401
  • BurtVLCutlerJAHigginsMTrends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult US population. Data from the Health Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991Hypertension1995266097607734
  • CollinsRPetoRMacMahonSBlood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2, short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological contextLancet1990335827391969567
  • CollinsRMacMahonSBlood pressure, antihypertensive drug treatment and the risk of stroke and of coronary heart diseaseBr Med Bull199450272988205459
  • CriquiMHLangerRDFronekAMortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial diseaseN Engl J Med199232638161729621
  • DekkerJMGirmanCRhodesTMetabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn StudyCirculation20051126667316061755
  • DickersonJEHingoraniADAshbyMJOptimisation of antihypertensive treatment by crossover rotation of four major classesLancet199935320081310376615
  • DickinsonHOMasonJMNicolsonDJLifestyle interventions to reduce raised blood pressure: a systematic review of randomised controlled trialsJ Hypertens2006242153316508562
  • DicksteinKKjekshusJOPTIMAAL Steering Committee of the OPTIMAAL Study GroupEffects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist LosartanLancet20023607526012241832
  • DollRPetoRWheatleyKMortality in relation to smoking: 40 years’ observations on male British doctorsBr Med J1994309901117755693
  • DomanskiMJMitchellGFNormanJEIndependent prognostic information provided by sphygmomanometrically determined pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in patients with left ventricular dysfunctionJ Am Coll Cardiol199933951810091821
  • DunderKLindLZetheliusBIncrease in blood glucose concentration during antihypertensive treatment as a predictor of myocardial infarction: population based cohort studyBr Med J200332668112663403
  • ESH/ESC Hypertension Practice Guidelines CommitteePractice guidelines for primary care physicians: 2003 ESH/ESC hypertension guidelinesJ Hypertens20032117798614508180
  • ESH/ESC Hypertension Practice Guidelines Committee2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial HypertensionJ Hypertens20072511058717563527
  • EzzatiMLopezADRodgersASelected major risk factors and global and regional burden of diseaseLancet200236013476012423980
  • FagardRHStaessenJAThijsLResponse to antihypertensive treatment in older patients with sustained or nonsustained systolic hypertensionCirculation200010211394410973843
  • FagardRHExercise characteristics and the blood pressure response to dynamic physical trainingMed Sci Sports Exerc200133S4849211427774
  • FagardRHCelisHPrognostic significance of various characteristics of out-of-the-office blood pressureJ Hypertens2004221663615311089
  • FagardRHVan Den BroekeCDe CortPPrognostic significance of blood pressure measured in the office, at home and during ambulatory monitoring in older patients in general practiceJ Hum Hypertens2005a198010715959536
  • FagardRHBjornstadHHBorjessonMESC Study Group of Sports Cardiology recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activities and competitive sports for patients with hypertensionEur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil2005b123263116079639
  • FreemantleNClelandJYoungPBeta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysisBMJ19993181730710381708
  • GasowskiJFagardRHStaessenJAPulsatile blood pressure component as predictor of mortality in hypertension: a meta-analysis of clinical trial control groupsJ Hypertens2002201455111791038
  • GirmanCJRhodesTMercuriMThe metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS)Am J Cardiol2004931364114715336
  • HaffnerSMLehtoSRonnemaaTMortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarctionN Engl J Med1998339229349673301
  • HansenTWJeppesenJRasmussenSAmbulatory blood pressure monitoring and risk of cardiovascular disease: a population based studyAm J Hypertens2006192435016500508
  • HanssonLZanchettiACarruthersSGEffects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trialLancet19983511755629635947
  • HaynesRBMcDonaldHPGargAXHelping patients follow prescribed treatment: clinical applicationsJAMA20022882880312472330
  • JenningsGLExercise and blood pressure: Walk, run or swim?J Hypertens19971556799218174
  • Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood PressureReport: a cooperative studyJAMA197723725561576159
  • Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood PressureThe 1980 ReportArch Intern Med1980140128056775608
  • KannelWBBlood pressure as a cardiovascular risk factor: prevention and treatmentJAMA1996275157168622248
  • KannelWBWolfPABenjaminEJLevyDPrevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimatesAm J Cardiol1998822N9N
  • KannelWBRisk stratification in hypertension: new insights from the Framingham StudyAm J Hypertens200013Suppl 1S3S10
  • KearneyPMWheltonMReynoldsKGlobal burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide dataLancet20053652172315652604
  • KhattarRSSeniorRLahiriACardiovascular outcome in white-coat versus sustained mild hypertension. A 10-year follow-up studyCirculation199898189279799210
  • KilanderLNymanHBobergMHypertension is related to cognitive impairment: A 20-year follow-up of 999 menHypertension19983178069495261
  • KlagMJWheltonPKRandallBLBlood pressure and end-stage renal disease in menN Engl J Med19963341387494564
  • KnowlerWCSartorGMelanderAScherstenBGlucose tolerance and mortality, including a substudy of tolbutamide treatmentDiabetologia19974068069222648
  • LakkaHMLaaksonenDELakkaTAThe metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged menJAMA200228827091612460094
  • LaunerLJMasakiKPetrovitchHThe association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu-Asia Aging StudyJAMA19952741846517500533
  • LaurentSCockcroftJVan BortelLExpert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applicationsEur Heart J20062725880517000623
  • LawMREpidemiologic evidence on salt and blood pressureAm J Hypertens199710Suppl 5S425
  • LeeVCRhewDCDylanMMeta-analysis: angiotensin-receptor blockers in chronic heart failure and high-risk acute myocardial infarctionAnn Intern Med200414169370415520426
  • LevyDLarsonMGVasanRSThe progression from hypertension to congestive heart failureJAMA19962751557628622246
  • MacMahonSPetoRCutlerJBlood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1, prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution biasLancet1990335765741969518
  • ManciaGAmbrosioniEAgabiti-RoseiEBlood pressure control and risk of stroke in untreated and treated hypertensive patients screened from clinical practice: results of the ForLife studyJ Hypertens20052315758116003185
  • ManciaGParatiGBorghiCHypertension prevalence, awareness, control and association with metabolic abnormalities in the San Marino population: the SMOOTH studyJ Hypertens2006a248374316612244
  • ManciaGFacchettiRBombelliMLong-term risk of mortality associated with selective and combined elevation in office, home, and ambulatory blood pressureHypertension2006b478465316567588
  • ManciaGBombelliMCorraoGMetabolic syndrome in the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study: daily life blood pressure, cardiac damage, and prognosisHypertension2007a4940717130308
  • ManciaGBousquetPElghoziJLThe sympathetic nervous system and the metabolic syndromeJ Hypertens2007bin press
  • MansonJETostesonHRidkerPMThe primary prevention of myocardial infarctionN Engl J Med19923261406161533273
  • MartiniukALLeeCMLawesCMHypertension: its prevalence and population-attributable fraction for mortality from cardiovascular disease in the Asia-Pacific regionJ Hypertens20072573917143176
  • MorganTOAndersonAIMacInnisRJACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium blockers, and diuretics for the control of systolic hypertensionAm J Hypertens200114241711281235
  • MuleGNardiECottoneSInfluence of metabolic syndrome on hypertension-related target organ damageJ Intern Med20052575031315910554
  • Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research GroupRelationship between baseline risk factors and coronary heart disease and total mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research GroupPrev Med198615254733749007
  • NidesMOnckenCGonzalesDSmoking cessation with varenicline, a selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist: results from a 7-week, randomized, placebo- and bupropion-controlled trial with 1-year follow-upArch Intern Med20061661561816908788
  • OhkuboTKikuyaMMetokiHPrognosis of masked hypertension and white-coat hypertension detected by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoringJ Am Coll Cardiol2005465081516053966
  • PATS Collaborative GroupPost-stroke antihypertensive treatment studyChin Med J199510871078575241
  • PfefferMAMcMurrayJJVelazquezEJValsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or bothN Engl J Med20033491893614610160
  • PROGRESS Collaborative Study GroupRandomised trial of perindopril based blood pressure-lowering regimen among 6108 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attackLancet200135810334111589932
  • Prospective Studies CollaborationAge-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studiesLancet200236019031312493255
  • PuddeyIBBeilinLJRakieVAlcohol, hypertension and the cardiovascular system: a critical appraisalAddiction Biol1997215970
  • ResnickHEJonesKRuotoloGInsulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in nondiabetic American Indians: the Strong Heart StudyDiabetes Care200326861712610050
  • RosenbergLKaufmanDWHelmrichSPShapiroSThe risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of ageN Engl J Med1985313151144069159
  • SacksFMSvetkeyLPVollmerWMEffects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research GroupN Engl J Med200134431011136953
  • SandvikLErikssenJThaulowEPhysical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian menN Engl J Med199332853378426620
  • SchmidtMIDuncanBBBangHIdentifying individuals at high risk for diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities studyDiabetes Care2005282013816043747
  • ShekellePGRichMWMortonSCEfficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers in the management of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to race, gender, and diabetic status: a meta-analysis of major clinical trialsJ Am Coll Cardiol20034115293812742294
  • SilagyCMantDFowlerGLodgeMMeta-analysis on efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies in smoking cessationLancet1994343139427904003
  • SkoogILernfeltBLandahlS15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementiaLancet1996347114158609748
  • StaessenJAGasowskiJWangJGRisks of untreated and treated isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly: meta-analysis of outcome trialsLancet20003558657210752701
  • StamlerJVaccaroONeatonJDWentworthDDiabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention TrialDiabetes Care199316434448432214
  • StringerWWWassermanKStatement on exercise: American College of Chest Physicians/American Thoracic Society–exercise for fun or profit?Chest20051271072315764797
  • ThomasFRudnichiABacriAMCardiovascular mortality in hypertensive men according to presence of associated risk factorsHypertension20013712566111358937
  • TonstadSFarsangCKlaeneGBupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised studyEur Heart J2003249465512714026
  • VasanRSLarsonMGLeipEPAssessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort studyLancet2001a3581682611728544
  • VasanRSLarsonMGLeipEPImpact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular diseaseN Engl J Med2001b3451291711794147
  • VasanRSBeiserASeshadriSResidual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart StudyJAMA200228710031011866648
  • VerdecchiaPReboldiGPAngeliFShort- and long-term incidence of stroke in white-coat hypertensionHypertension200545203815596572
  • WannametheeSGShaperAGPatterns of alcohol intake and risk of stroke in middle-aged British menStroke199627103398650710
  • WeiMMitchellBDHaffnerSMSternMPEffects of cigarette smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexican Americans. The San Antonio Heart StudyAm J Epidemiol19961441058658942437
  • WHO/FAOJoint WHO/FAO Expert report on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease. Executive Summary [online]2003 Accessed 15 July 2007. URL: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/trs916/summary/en/index.html
  • Wolf-MaierKCooperRSBanegasJRHypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United StatesJAMA20032892363912746359
  • YapYGDuongTBlandJMPrognostic value of blood pressure measured during hospitalization after acute myocardial infarction: an insight from survival trialsJ Hypertens2007253071317211237
  • ZanchettiAHanssonLMenardJRisk assessment and treatment benefit in intensively treated hypertensive patients of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) studyJ Hypertens2001198192511330886