Advances in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon

References

• WigleyFMRaynaud’s phenomenonN Engl J Med20023471001100812324557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CookeJPMarshallJMMechanisms of Raynaud’s diseaseVasc Med20051029330716444858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BakstRMerolaJEFranksAGJrSanchezMRaynaud’s phenomenon: pathogenesis and managementJ Am Acad Dermatol20085963365318656283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosenkranzSDietFKaraschTWeibrauchJWassermannKErdmannESildenafil improved pulmonary hypertension and peripheral blood flow in a patient with scleroderma-associated lung fibrosis and the Raynaud phenomenon [letter]Ann Intern Med200313987187214623635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FriesRShariatKvon WilmowskyHBohmMSildenafil in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon resistant to vasodilatory therapyCirculation20051122980298516275885
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThompsonAEPopeJECalcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud’s phenomenon: a meta-analysisRheumatology20054414515015546967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ThompsonAESheaBWelchVFenlonDPopeJECalcium-channel blockers for Raynaud’s phenomenon in systemic sclerosisArthritis Rheum2001441841184711508437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VinjarBStewartMOral vasodilators for primary Raynaud’s phenomenonCochrane Database Syst Rev20082Art. No.: CD006687. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DziadzioMDentonCPSmithRLosartan therapy for Raynaud’s phenomenon and sclerodermaArthritis Rheum1999422646265510616013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HardingSETingeyPCPopeJPrazosin for Raynaud’s phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosisCochrane Database Syst Rev19982Art. No.: CD000956. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000956.
   Google Scholar
• ClinicalTrials.gov database. Accessed July 15, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• TehLSManningJMooreTTullyMPO’ReillyDJaysonMISustained-release transdermal glyceryl trinitrate patches as a treatment for primary and secondary Raynaud’s phenomenonBr J Rheumatol1995346366417670782
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CoppockJSHardmanJMBaconPAWoodsKLKendallMJObjective relief of vasospasm by glyceryl trinitrate in secondary Raynaud’s phenomenonPostgrad Med J19866215183099273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FranksAGJrTopical glyceryl trinitrate as adjunctive treatment in Raynaud’s diseaseLancet19821826376776119495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HummersLKDugowsonCEDechowFJWiseRABartolucciAWigleyFMA multi-center, blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study of MQX-503, a topical gel formulation of nitroglycerin, in patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP) [abstract]Arthritis Rheum2006549 SupplS523
   Google Scholar
• ChungLShapiroLFiorentinoDMQX-503, a novel formulation of nitroglycerin, improves the severity of Raynaud’s phenomenonArthritis Rheum20096087087719248104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BelchJFiorentinoDDentonCMQX-503, a novel topical nitroglycerin formulation, improves severity of symptoms associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon [abstract]Arthritis Rheum2008589 SupplS622
   Google Scholar
• RothfieldNShapiroLFiorentinoDSafety and tolerability of MQX-503, a novel investigational topical formulation of nitroglycerin for the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon [abstract]Arthritis Rheum2008589 SupplS821
   Google Scholar
• PopeJFenlonDThompsonAIloprost and cisaprost for Raynaud’s phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosisCochrane Database Syst Rev19982Art. No.: CD000953. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000953
   Google Scholar
• WigleyFMWiseRASeiboldJRIntravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosisAnn Intern Med19941201992067506013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YardumianDAIsenbergDARustinMSuccessful treatment of Raynaud’s syndrome with iloprost, a chemically stable prostacycline analogueBr J Rheumatol1988272202262454140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McHughNJCsukaMWatsonHInfusion of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, for treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon in systemic sclerosisAnn Rheum Dis19884743472449871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WigleyFMSeiboldJRWiseRAMcCloskeyDADoleWPIntravenous iloprost treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon and ischemic ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosisJ Rheumatol199219140714141279170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KyleMVBelcherGHazlemanBLPlacebo controlled study showing therapeutic benefit of iloprost in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenonJ Rheumatol199219140314061279169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TorleyHIMadhokRCapellHAA double-blind, randomised, multicentre comparison of two doses of intravenous iloprost in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to connective tissue diseasesAnn Rheum Dis1991508008041722967
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KawaldABurmesterGRHuscherDSunderkotterCRiemerkastenGLow versus high-dose iloprost therapy over 21 days in patients with secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon and systemic sclerosis: a randomized, open, single-center studyJ Rheumatol2008351830183718634152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RademakerMCookeEDAlmondNEComparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost and oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double-blind randomised studyBMJ19892985615642467711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ScorzaRCaronniMMascagniBEffects of long-term cyclic iloprost therapy in systemic sclerosis with Raynaud’s phenomenon. A randomized, controlled studyClin Exp Rheumatol20011950350811579708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BettoniLGeriAAiroPSystemic sclerosis therapy with iloprost: a prospective observational study of 30 patients treated for a median of 3 yearsClin Rheumatol20022124425012111631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HernandezFJGMedinaCORomeroLMIloprost for severe Raynaud’s phenomenon and ischaemic ulcers related with systemic diseasesMed Clin (Barc)200412250150415104947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MilioGCorradoEGenovaCIloprost treatment in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis and the quality of life: a new therapeutic protocolRheumatology200645999100416484290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LambovaSNTherapy with iloprost in patients with severe Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to scleroderma [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200665Suppl 2396
   Google Scholar
• ResendeCCastelaoWFonsecaJEIntravenous iloprost treatment of severe Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to connective tissue diseases [abstract]EULAR 2002. Stockholm, Sweden, June 12–15, 2002: Abstract AB0227.
   Google Scholar
• ZulianFCoronaFGerloniVSafety and efficacy of iloprost for the treatment of ischemic digits in pediatric connective tissue diseases [abstract]EULAR 2002. Stockholm, Sweden, June 12–15, 2002: Abstract FR1025
   Google Scholar
• WigleyFMKornJHCsukaMEOral iloprost treatment in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosisArthritis Rheum1998416706779550476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BelchJJCapellHACookeEDOral iloprost as a treatment for Raynaud’s syndrome: a double blind multicentre placebo controlled studyAnn Rheum Dis1995541972007538285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlackCMHalkier-SorensenLBelchJJFOral iloprost in Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicentre, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison studyBr J Rheumatol1998379529609783759
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PakozdiAHowellKWilsonHInhaled iloprost for the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon [abstract]American College of Rheumatology 2007 Annual MeetingBoston, MANovember 6–11, 2007abstract 1225.
   Google Scholar
• BartoloneSTrifilettiADe NuzzoGEfficacy evaluation of prostaglandin E1 against placebo in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and significant Raynaud’s phenomenonMinerva Cardioangiol19994713714310479851
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MohrlandJSPorterJMSmithEABelchJSimmsMHA multiclinic, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of prostaglandin E1 in Raynaud’s syndromeAnn Rheum Dis1985447547603904643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VayssairatMControlled multicenter double blind trial of an oral analog of prostacyclin in the treatment of primary Raynaud’s phenomenonJ Rheumatol199623191719208923366
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KornJHMayesMCerinicMMDigital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: prevention by treatment with bosentan, an oral endothelin receptor antagonistArthritis Rheum2004503985399315593188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlackCDentonCPFurstDEBosentan reduces the number of new digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis – open label extension to a double-blind trial [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200665Suppl 2384
   Google Scholar
• SeiboldJRDentonCPFurstDEBosentan prevents occurrence but does not speed healing of digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) [abstract]Annual Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology 2005; abstract L2
   Google Scholar
• SfikakisPPPapamichaelCStamatelopoulosKSImprovement of vascular endothelial function using the oral endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with systemic sclerosisArthritis Rheum2007561985199317530638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TsifetakiNBotzorisVGArgyriouEDrososAABosentan for digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis. A prospective 3-year follow-up study [abstract]American College of Rheumatology 2008 Annual Scientific Meeting; abstract 1785
   Google Scholar
• Garcia de la Pena-LefebvrePRubioSRExpositoMVLong-term experience of bosentan for treating ulcers and healed ulcers in systemic sclerosis patientsRheumatology20084746446618263597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaunayDDiotEPasquierEBosentann for treatment of active digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis (9 cases)Presse Med20063558759216614599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selenko-GebauerNDuschekNMinimairGStinglGKarlhoferFSuccessful treatment of patients with severe secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon with the endothelial receptor antagonist bosentanRheumatology200645iii45iii4816987835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FunauchiMKishimotoKShimazuHEffects of bosentan on the skin lesions: an observational study from a single center in JapanRheumatol Int20092976977519037604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HettemaMEZhangDBootsmaHKallenbergCGMBosentan therapy for patients with severe Raynaud’s phenomenon in systemic sclerosis [letter]Ann Rheum Dis2007661398139917881663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-CasalsMBrito-ZeronPNardiNSuccessful treatment of severe Raynaud’s phenomenon with bosentan in four patients with systemic sclerosis [letter]Rheumatology2004431454145615502001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DunneJDutzJShojaniaKNgBvan EldenSTreatment of severe Raynaud’s phenomenon with bosentan in a patient with systemic sclerosis [letter]Rheumatology20064591191216531439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MooreTLVailAHerrickALAssessment of digital vascular structure and function in response to bosentan in patients with systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud’s phenomenon [letter]Rheumatology20074636336417116656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HalcoxJPJNourKRAZalosGThe effect of sildenafil on human vascular function, platelet activation, and myocardial ischemiaJ Am Coll Cardiol2002401232124012383570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WatanabeHNishioSOhmaeESildenafil improves forearm blood flow in patients with Raynauds phenomenon [abstract]Eur Heart J200425Suppl202
   Google Scholar
• CarlinoGTreatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon with tadalafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200564Suppl 3258
   Google Scholar
• ZamiriBKomanALSmithBPDouble-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sildenafil for the management of primary Raynaud’s phenomenon [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200463Suppl. 1484485
   Google Scholar
• ShenoyPAgarwalVKumarSEfficacy of tadalafil in secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon resistant to vasodilator therapy: a double-blind randomized cross-over trial [abstract]Arthritis Rheum2008589 SupplS402
   Google Scholar
• SchiopuEHsuVMImpensAJRothmanJAMcCloskeyDAWilsonJERandomized placbo-controlled crossover trial of tadalafil in Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosisJ Rheumatol2009362264226819755613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PakozdiAHowellKBlackCMDentonCPAddition of the short term phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil to iloprost therapy for scleroderma digital vasculopathy [abstract]ACR/ARHP Scientific Meeting 2007Boston, MANovember 6–11, 2007abstract 2167.
   Google Scholar
• AbelesMAbelesAMPhosphodiesterase inhibitor tadalafil in the treatment of ischemic digital ulcers/digital necrosis due to scleroderma-associated Raynaud’s phenomenon [abstract]Arthritis Rheum2008589 SupplS822
   Google Scholar
• CaglayanEHuntgeburthMKaraschTPhosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition is a novel therapeutic option in Raynaud diseaseArch Intern Med200616623123316432094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumarNGriffithsBAllenJThermographic and symptomatic effect of a single dose of sildenafil citrate on Raynaud’s phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a potential treatment [letter]J Rheumatol20063391918191916960964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BeckerMBrucknerCSSchererHBurmesterGRRiemekastenGEffect of sildenafil on digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis – analysis from a single centre study [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200968Suppl 396
   Google Scholar
• BruecknerCSchererUBurmesterGBeckerMODragunDRiemekastenGEffect of sildenafil on healing of digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200867Suppl 2362
   Google Scholar
• GoreJSilverROral sildenafil for the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosisAnn Rheum Dis200564138716100356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaakSWTreatment of Raynaud’s phenomena with the PDE-5 inhibitor, Cialis (tadalafil) in patients with scleroderma and lupus [abstract]Arthritis Rheum2005529 SupplS169
   Google Scholar
• LichtensteinJRUse of sildenafil citrate in Raynaud’s phenomenon: comment on the article by Thompson et al. [letter]Arthritis Rheum20034828228312528146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CheungGTYLauCSKumanaCRPhosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors relieve symptoms of severe Raynaud’s phenomenon [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200463Suppl 1313
   Google Scholar
• KumanaCRCheungGTYLauCSSevere digital ischaemia treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitorsAnn Rheum Dis2004631522152415479910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColglazierCLSutejPGO’RourkeKSSevere refractory fingertip ulcerations in a patient with scleroderma: successful treatment with sildenafilJ Rheumatol2005322440244216331780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BaumhaekelMSchefflerPBoehmMUse of tadalafil in a patient with a secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon not responding to sildenafilMicrovascular Res200569178179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KropmanRFRaynaud’s phenomenon of the penisJ Urol2004171163015017241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KamataYKamimuraTIwamotoMMinotaSComparable effects of sildenafil citrate and alprostadil on severe Raynaud’s phenomenon in a patient with systemic sclerosisClin Exp Dermatol20053045115953103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YungAReayNGoodfieldMDImprovement in digital flexibility and dexterity following ingestion of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in limited systemic sclerosisArch Dermatol200514183183316027296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SandorfiNJimenezSATreatment of digital ulceration due to Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) with long acting phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor: tadalafil [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200766Suppl 2223224
   Google Scholar
• FriedrichsonERehbergerPFuhrmannJTWalzFMeurerMPfeifferCFast and efficient healing of scleroderma-associated acral ulcers with sildenafilHautarzt20085923023217618409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LalAFernandoCEEfficacy of vardenafil in a patient with digital gangrene due to severe Raynaud’s [abstract]ACR/ARHP Scientific Meeting 2007Boston, MANovember 6–11, 2007Abstract CRC04.
   Google Scholar
• Della RossaADoveriMD’AscanioAOral sildenafil in skin ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis [abstract]Ann Rheum Dis200968Suppl 3268
   Google Scholar
• FriedmanEAHarrisPAWoodAJJSteinCMKurnikDThe effects of tadalafil on cold-induced vasoconstriction in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenonClin Pharmacol Ther20078150350917301734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BolteMAAveryDCase of fluoxetine-induced remission of Raynaud’s phenomenon – a case reportAngiology1993441611638434812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ReyJCretelEJeanRPastorMJDurandJMSerotonin reuptake inhibitors, Raynaud’s phenomenon and erythromelalgiaRheumatology20034260160212649412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BueckingARougemontEZullinoDFTreatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon with escitalopramInt J Neuropsychopharmacol2005830730815569398
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ColeiroBMarshallSETreatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetineRheumatology2001401038104311561116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BellCCouplandNCreamerPDigital infarction in a patient with Raynaud’s phenomenon associated with treatment with a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor. A case reportAngiology1996479019038810657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PeiróAMMargaritCTorraMCitalopram-induced Raynaud’s phenomenonRheumatol Int20072759960117103176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BertoliRGirardinFRussmannSLauterburgBHRaynaud’s phenomenon induced by drugs acting on neurotransmission: two cases under reboxetine and one under tegaserodEur J Clin Pharmacol20035871712610751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RudnickAModaiIZelikovskiAFluoxetine-induced Raynaud’s phenomenonBiol Psychiatry199741121812219171912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De BrouckerTLhoteFSevere Raynaud’s phenomenon associated with interferon-beta 1a and fluoxetineAnn Med Interne (Paris)200015142442511033481
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KatoSKishiroIMachidaMFuseDYoshidaTKanekoNSuppressive effect of sarpogrelate hydrochloride on respiratory failure and right ventricular failure with pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosisJ Int Med Res20002825826811191719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KumagaiSMorinobuAOzakiSNakaoKIshidaHSarpogelate hydrochloride for Raynaud’s phenomenon of patients with collagen diseasesRyumachi1998385045109721558
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OgawaTOguraTIzumiYSarpogelate hydrochloride therapy for Raynaud’s phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis [abstract]Arthritis Rheum2008589 Suppls821s822
   Google Scholar
• SamboPAmicoDGiacomelliRIntravenous N-acetylcysteine for treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a pilot studyJ Rheumatol2001282257226211669166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SalsanoFLetiziaCProiettiMSignificant changes of peripheral perfusion and plasma adrenomedullin levels in N-acetylcysteine long term treatment of patients with sclerodermic Raynaud’s phenomenonInt J Immunopathol Pharmacol20051876177016388726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abou-RayaAAbou-RayaSHelmiiMStatins: potentially useful in therapy of systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ulcersJ Rheumatol2008351801180818709692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SychaTGraningerMAuffESchniderPBotulinum toxin in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon: a pilot studyEur J Clin Invest20043431231315086364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van BeekALLimPKGearAJLPrizkerMRManagement of vasospastic disorders with botulinum toxin APlast Reconstr Surg200711921722617255677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FregeneADitmarsDSiddiquiABotulinum toxin type A: a treatment option for digital ischemia in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenonJ Hand Surg200934A446452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KossintsevaIBarankinBImprovement in both Raynaud disease and hyperhidrosis in response to botulinum toxin type A treatmentJ Cutaneous Med Surg200812189193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar