2,255
Views
81
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Nature-Based Tourism and Poverty Alleviation: Impacts of Private Sector and Parastatal Enterprises In and Around Kruger National Park, South Africa

&
Pages 255-277 | Published online: 22 Dec 2008

References

  • Ashley , A. , Haysom , G. and Poultney , C. 2005 . Pro-Poor Tourism Pilots in Southern Africa. Practical Implementation of Pro-Poor Linkages by Tourism Companies , South Africa : Mboza Tourism and London: Overseas Development Institute .
  • Ashley , C. and Jones , B. 2001 . Joint ventures between communities and tourism investors: Experience in Southern Africa . International Journal of Tourism Research , 3 : 407 – 423 .
  • Ashley , C. , Roe , D. and Goodwin , H. 2001 . Pro-Poor Tourism Strategies: Making Tourism Work for the Poor: A Review of Experience. Pro-poor tourism report No. 1. April 2001. ODI/IIED/CRT , Nottingham : The Russell Press .
  • Aylward , B. 2003 . “ The actual and potential contribution of nature tourism in Zululand. ” . In Nature Tourism Conservation and Development in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa , Edited by: Aylward , B. and Lutz , E. 1 – 40 . Washington, DC : The World Bank .
  • Binns , T. and Nel , E. 2002 . Tourism as a local development strategy in South Africa . The Geographical Journal , 168 ( 3 ) : 235 – 247 .
  • Cassim , R. , Jackson , W. and Gavera , L. , eds. 2004 . International Trade in Services and Sustainable Development: The Case of Tourism in South Africa. Trade Knowledge Network, April 2004 , Geneva : International Institute for Sustainable Development .
  • Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) . 1999 . Report on the seventh session. 1 May and 27 July 1998, and 19–30 April 1999, Economic and Social Council Official Records, 199, Supplement No. 9 , New York : United Nations .
  • Department for International Development (DFID) . 1999 . Tourism and Poverty Elimination: Untapped Potential , London : DFID .
  • Department for International Development (DFID) . 2000 . Halving World Poverty by 2015: Economic Growth, Equity And Security , London : DFID .
  • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) . 1997 . Tourism in GEAR , Pretoria : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
  • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) . 1999 . The National State of the Environment Report , Pretoria : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
  • Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) . 2002 . Guidelines for Responsible Tourism Development , Pretoria : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
  • Fearnhead , P. . Commercialisation in national parks. . Proceedings of the SASUSG Annual Members Meeting, Addo Elephant National Park . May 5–7 2004 . Edited by: Spenceley , A. pp. 54 – 61 . IUCN Southern African Sustainable Use Specialist Group.
  • Goodwin , H. and Francis , J. 2003 . Ethical and responsible tourism: Consumer trends in the UK . Journal of Vacation Marketing , 9 ( 3 ) : 271 – 284 .
  • Government of South Africa . 1996a . Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996
  • Government of South Africa . 1996b . White Paper on the Development and Promotion of Tourism in South Africa , Pretoria : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
  • Hay , I. , ed. 2000 . Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Koch , E. , Massyn , P. J. and Spenceley , A. 2002 . “ Getting started: The experiences of South Africa and Kenya. ” . In Ecotourism and Certification: Setting Standard in Practice , Edited by: Haney , M. 237 – 264 . Washington : Island Press .
  • Kirsten , M. and Rogerson , C. M. 2002 . Tourism, business linkages and small enterprise development in South Africa . Development Southern Africa , 19 ( 1 ) : 29 – 59 .
  • Mahony , K. and van Zyl , J. 2002 . The impacts of tourism investment on rural communities: Three case studies in South Africa . Development Southern Africa , 19 ( 1 ) : 83 – 103 .
  • May , T. 1993 . Sharing the Land: Wildlife, People and Development in Africa , Harare : IUCN Regional Office for Southern Africa .
  • McNab , D. . South African corporates piloting pro poor linkages: Procurement, partnerships, and products. . Tourism in the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area: Relating Strategic Visions to Local Activities that Promote Sustainable Tourism Development. Workshop Proceedings . April 14–16 2005 . Edited by: Spenceley , A. pp. 53 – 55 . Johannesberg : Transboundary Protected Areas Research Initiative . Wits Rural Facility, Nr. Kruger National Park, South Africa
  • Mhlongo , P. P. 2001 . ‘Information Huntington Village and Timbavati Village: Bushbuckridge municipality’ Letter to Anna Spenceley, 28 May 2001.
  • Mitchella , R. E. and Reidb , D. G. 2001 . Community integration: Island tourism in Peru . Annals of Tourism Research , 28 : 112 – 139 .
  • Myrdal , G. 1973 . “ The beam in our eyes. ” . In Comparative Research Methods , Edited by: Warwick , D. and Osherson , S. 89 – 99 . Englewood Cliff, NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Ntshona , Z. and Lahiff , E. 2003 . Community-Based Eco-Tourism on The Wild Coast, South Africa: The Case of the Amadiba Trail. Sustainable Livelihoods in South Africa Research Paper 7 , Brighton : Institute of Development Studies .
  • Poultney , C. and Spenceley , A. 2001 . Practical strategies for pro-poor tourism , Wilderness Safaris South Africa : Rocktail Bay and Ndumu Lodge . Pro-poor tourism working paper No. 1. ODI/CRT/IIED.
  • Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) . 2005 . Update on pro poor tourism pilots, April 2005 , Pro-poor tourism pilots : Southern Africa. PPT in Practice. .
  • Relly , P. 2004 . Employment and investment in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa , MA dissertation in Tourism Studies University of Witswatersrand .
  • Relly , P. and Koch , E. 2002 . Case study assessment Jackalberry Lodge — Thornybush Game Reserve, National Responsible Tourism Guidelines for the South African Tourism Sector, Application of the Guidelines to the Nature-based tourism sector, March 2002.
  • Robson , C. 1993 . Real World Research , Oxford : Blackwells .
  • Seymour , J. 2003 . KwaZulu-Natal's Nature-Based Tourism Market Tourism KwaZulu- Natal Occasional Paper No. 12.
  • Sharpley , R. 2002 . Tourism management: Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism diversification: The case of Cyprus . Tourism Management , 23 : 233 – 244 .
  • Black , R. and Crabtree , A. , eds. Quality in Ecotourism , Oxon : CABI .
  • South African Tourism. 2004 . 2003 Tourism Annual Report , Pretoria : South Africa Tourism Strategic Research Unit .
  • Spenceley , A. 2000 . Sustainable nature-based tourism assessment: Ngala Private Game Reserve Unpublished report to Ngala Private Game Reserve.
  • Spenceley , A. 2001 . A comparison of local community benefit systems from two naturebased tourism operations in South Africa . Industry and Environment: Ecotourism and sustainability. United Nations Environment Programme , 24 ( 3–4 ) : 50 – 53 .
  • Spenceley , A. 2002a . Sustainable nature-based tourism assessment: Pretoriuskop Camp, Kruger National Park Unpublished report to South African National Parks, December.
  • Spenceley , A. 2002b . Overview report of three case studies: Pretoriuskop Camp, Jackalberry Lodge, and Coral Divers National Responsible Tourism Guidelines for the South African Tourism Sector, Application of the Guidelines to the Naturebased tourism sector. Report to DFID/DEAT, March 2002.
  • Spenceley , A. 2002c . Sustainable nature-based tourism assessment: Jackalberry Lodge Confidential report to Jackalberry Lodge.
  • Spenceley , A. 2002d . Sustainable nature-based tourism assessment: Sabi Sabi Game Reserve Confidential report to Sabi Sabi.
  • Spenceley , A. 2003a . Managing sustainable nature-based tourism in Southern Africa: A practical assessment tool , PhD dissertation in earth and environmental sciences University of Greenwich .
  • Spenceley , A. 2003b . Tourism, Local Livelihoods and the Private Sector in South Africa: Case Studies on the Growing Role of the Private Sector in Natural Resources Management. Sustainable Livelihoods in South Africa Research Paper 8 , Brighton : Institute of Development Studies .
  • Spenceley , A. 2004 . “ Responsible nature-based tourism planning in South Africa and the commercialisation of Kruger National park. ” . In Ecotourism: Management and Assessment , Edited by: Diamantis , D. 267 – 280 . London : Thomson Learning .
  • Spenceley , A. 2005a . Environmental sustainability of nature-based tourism enterprises in protected areas: Four case studies from South Africa . International Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 13 ( 2 ) : 136 – 170 .
  • Spenceley , A. 2005b . CCAfrica: Tourism for Tomorrow ‘Investors in People Award’ Unpublished report to the World Travel and Tourism Council, March 2005.
  • Spenceley , A. Sustainable nature-based tourism: An African Delphi Consultation (in press) Tourism Geographies.
  • Spenceley , A. and Seif , J. 2003 . Strategies, Impacts and Costs of Pro-poor Tourism Approaches in South Africa Pro-Poor Tourism working paper No. 11. January 2003.
  • Spenceley , A. and Seif , J. 2002 . Sabi Sabi Imvelo Responsible Tourism Assessment, Confidential report to the Federated Hospitality Association of South Africa Cited in A. Spenceley and J. Seif (2003). Strategies, Impacts and Costs of Pro-poor Tourism Approaches in South Africa. Pro-Poor Tourism working paper No. 11. January 2003.
  • Spenceley , A. , Goodwin , H. and Maynard , W. 2004 . “ Development of responsible tourism guidelines for South Africa. ” . In Ecotourism: Management and Assessment , Edited by: Diamantis , D. 281 – 297 . London : Thomson Learning .
  • Sultana , N. 2002 . Conceptualising Livelihoods of the Extreme Poor Working paper 1, January 2002 Department for International Development, UK, 12 December 2002.
  • Sykes , P. 2003 . South African Tourism Industry Empowerment and Transformation Annual Review 2003 , Pretoria : Tourism Business Council of South Africa and W.K. Kellog Foundation .
  • Tearfund . 2001 . Guide to Tourism: Don't Forget Your Ethics! 6 August 2001.
  • Tearfund . 2002 . Worlds Apart: A Call to Responsible Global Tourism January 2002
  • United Nations/DESA (UN/DESA) . 2002 . Key outcomes of the summit, Johannesburg Summit 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg South Africa, 26 August-4 September. United Nations.
  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) . 2001 . Principles for the Implementation of Sustainable Tourism , UNEP. .
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) . 2003 . Human Development Report 2003 , UNDP .
  • Urban Dynamics Middleburg Inc. 1999 . Land Development Objectives — Hazyview Local Council, HAZ 103 Cited in Spenceley, A. (2002a). op. cit.
  • Walpole , M. 1997 . Dragon Tourism in Komodo National Park, Indonesia: Its contribution to conservation and local development , PhD dissertation in conservation and ecology University of Kent .
  • Wilkinson , D. 2000 . The Researcher's Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Practitioner Research , Falmer : Routledge .
  • World Tourism Organization (WTO) . 1997 . Global Code of Ethics for Tourism , Madrid : World Tourism Organization .
  • World Tourism Organization (WTO) . 2002 . Tourism and Poverty Alleviation , Madrid : World Tourism Organization .
  • World Tourism Organization (WTO) . 2004 . Tourism and Poverty Alleviation Recommendations for Action , Madrid : World Tourism Organization .
  • World Tourism Organization (WTO) . (ST-EP) Sustainable Tourism-Eliminating Poverty , Madrid : World Tourism Organization . (undated)
  • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) . 2003 . Country League Tables Travel and Tourism: A World of Opportunity. The 2003 Tourism & Travel Economic Research , London : WTTC .
  • World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) . 2004 . South Africa: Travel and Tourism Forging Ahead. The 2004 Travel and Tourism Economic Research , London : WTTC .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.