Golf-centered Development in Coastal Mediterranean Europe: A Soft Sustainability Test

References

• Angelakis , A. N. , Bontoux , L. and Lazarova , V. 2003 . Challenges and prospectives for water recycling and reuse in EU countries . Water Science and Technology: Water Supply , 3 ( 4 ) : 59 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Aramburu , M. P. and Escribano , R. 1993 . Golf: A conflicting recreational activity in the Madrid autonomous area (Spain) . Landscape and Urban Planning , 23 ( 3 & 4 ) : 209 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asano , T. Water from (waste)water - The dependable water resource . 11th StockholmWater Symposium . August 12–18 , Stockholm, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Bardolet , E. 2001 . “ The path toward sustainability in the Balearic islands ” . In Mediterranean Islands and Sustainable Tourism Development , Edited by: Ioannides , D. , Apostolopoulos , Y. and Somnez , S. 193 – 213 . London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Barke , M. and Towner , J. 2004 . “ Learning fromexperience? Progress towards a sustainable future for tourism in the Central and Eastern Andalucian littoral ” . In Coastal Mass Tourism: Diversification and Sustainable Development in Southern Europe , Edited by: Bramwell , B. 157 – 175 . Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Batle , J. 2000 . Rethinking tourism in the Balearic Islands . Annals of Tourism Research , 27 ( 2 ) : 524 – 526 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkes , F. and Folke , C. , eds. 1998 . Linking Social and Ecological Systems , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi , R. V. 2004 . Tourism restructuring and the politics of sustainability: A critical view from the European periphery (The Canary Islands) . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 12 ( 6 ) : 495 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Blais , P. Gene flow, confinement discussed at symposium . July . Golf Course News .
   Google Scholar
• Bramwell , B. , ed. 2004a . CoastalMass Tourism: Diversification and SustainableDevelopment in Southern Europe , Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Bramwell , B. 2004b . “ Mass tourism, diversification and sustainability in Southern Europe's coastal regions ” . In Coastal Mass Tourism: Diversification and Sustainable Development in Southern Europe , Edited by: Bramwell , B. 1 – 31 . Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Bramwell , B. and Lane , B. , eds. 2000 . Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships: Politics, Practice and Sustainability , Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Briassoulis , H. 1999 . Sustainable development and the informal sector: An uneasy relationship . Journal of Environment and Development , 8 ( 3 ) : 213 – 237 .
   Google Scholar
• Briassoulis , H. 2001 . Sustainable development and its indicators: Through a (planner's) glass darkly . Journal of Environmental Planning and Management , 44 ( 3 ) : 409 – 427 .
   Google Scholar
• Briassoulis , H. 2002 . Sustainable tourism and the question of the commons . Annals of Tourism Research , 29 ( 4 ) : 1065 – 1085 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brohman , J. 1996 . New directions in tourism for third world development . Annals of Tourism Research , 23 : 48 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromley , D. W. 1991 . Environment and Economy , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , R. W. 1999 . “ Problems and issues of integrating tourism development ” . In Contemporary Issues in Tourism Development , Edited by: Pearce , D. C. and Butler , R. W. 65 – 80 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , R. W. , ed. 2006 . The Tourism Area Life Cycle (Vols. 1 & 2) , Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Casado-Diaz , M. A. , Kaiser , C. and Warnes , A. M. 2004 . Northern European retired residents in nine southern European areas: Characteristics, motivations and adjustment . Ageing and Society , 24 : 353 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CEC . 2002 . Towards a Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Brussels
   Google Scholar
• Ceron , J. P. and Dubois , G. 2003 . Tourism and sustainable development indicators: The gap between theoretical demands and practical achievements . Current Issues in Tourism , 6 ( 1 ) : 54 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , J. S. and Morais , D. B. 2004 . Factions and enclaves: Small towns and socially unsustainable tourism development . Journal of Travel Research , 43 ( 1 ) : 3 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• de Vivero , J. L.S. and Mateos , J. C.R. 2005 . Coastal crisis: The failure of coastal management in the Spanish Mediterranean region . Coastal Management , 33 : 197 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer , L. and Forsyth , P. 1997 . Measuring the benefits and yield from foreign tourism . International Journal of Social Economics , 24 ( 1–3 ) : 223 – 236 .
   Google Scholar
• EGA . 2005 . European Statistics http://www.ega-golf.ch/050000/050100.asp
   Google Scholar
• Ennemoser , K. Predicting the Future - Trends in the Golf Course Market , European Institute of Golf Course Architects . (n.d.) http://www.eigca.org/articles2.php.
   Google Scholar
• Essex , S. , Kent , M. and Newnharm , R. 2004 . Tourism development in Mallorca: Is water supply a constraint . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 12 ( 1 ) : 4 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• European Environment Agency (EEA) . 1998 . Europe's Environment: The SecondAssessment , Copenhagen : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Fabregat , S. , Mas , J. , Candela , L. and Josa , A. 21–26 April 2002 . Impact of Urban TreatedWastewater Reuse During Irrigation of Golf Courses , 21–26 April , Nice : EGS XXVII General Assembly .
   Google Scholar
• Farrally , M. R. , Cochran , A. J. , Crews , D. J. , Price , R. J. , Hurdzan , M. J. , Snow , J. T. and Thomas , P. R. 2003 . Golf science research at the beginning of the twenty-.rst century . Journal of Sports Sciences , 21 : 753 – 765 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell , B. and Twining-Ward , L. 2005 . Seven steps towards sustainability: Tourism in the context of new knowledge . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 13 ( 2 ) : 109 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Fennell , D. A. and Ebert , K. 2004 . Tourism and the precautionary principle . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 12 ( 6 ) : 461 – 479 .
   Google Scholar
• Foley and Lardner LLP . 2005 . Golf Survey: Results and Industry Outlook http://www.foley.com/publications/pubdetail.aspx?pubid=2611.
   Google Scholar
• Freitag , T. G. 1994 . Enclave tourism development: For whom the benefits roll . Annals of Tourism Research , 21 ( 3 ) : 538 – 554 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García , C. and Servera , J. 2003 . Impacts of tourism development on water demand and beach degradation on the island of Mallorca (Spain) . Geografiska Annaler , 85A ( 3 & 4 ) : 287 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• García , G. M. , Pollard , J. and Rodríguez , R. D. 2000 . Origins, management and measurement of stress on the coast of Southern Spain . Coastal Management , 28 : 215 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García , G. M. , Pollard , J. and Rodríguez , R. D. 2003 . The planning and practice of coastal zone management in Southern Spain . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 11 ( 2 & 3 ) : 204 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• GCA . Golf Consultants Association (n.d.) http://www.golfconsultants.org.uk/services.html.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , R. B. , Hassan , S. , Tansey , J. and Whitelaw , G. 2005 . Sustainability Assessment , London : Earthscan .
   Google Scholar
• Gorzelak , G. and Jalowiecki , B. 2002 . European boundaries: Unity or division of the continent . Regional Studies , 36 ( 4 ) : 409 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling , S. 2002 . Global environmental consequences of tourism . Global Environmental Change , 12 ( 4 ) : 283 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gössling , S. , Hansson , C. B. , Horstmeier , O. and Saggel , S. 2002 . Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability . Ecological Economics , 43 : 199 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy , A. , Beeton , R. J.S. and Pearson , L. 2005 . Sustainable tourism: An overview of the concept and its position in relation to conceptualisations of tourism . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 10 ( 6 ) : 475 – 496 .
   Google Scholar
• Hicks , J. R. 1946 . Value and Capital , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hjorth , P. and Bagheri , A. 2005 . Navigating towards sustainable development: A system dynamics approach . Futures , 38 : 74 – 92 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holling , C. S. 2001 . Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological and social systems . Ecosystems , 4 : 390 – 405 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopwood , B. , Mellor , M. and O'Brien , G. 2005 . Sustainable development: Mapping different approaches . Sustainable Development , 13 : 38 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , C. 1997 . Sustainable tourism as an adaptive paradigm . Annals of Tourism Research , 24 ( 4 ) : 850 – 867 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IFTO . 1994 . The ECOMOST Project , London : International Federation of Tour Operators .
   Google Scholar
• INVGolf . European Golf Investment and Real Estate Conference and Exhibition . http://www.invgolf.com/introduction1.htm.
   Google Scholar
• INVGolf . 2004 . “ Aiming for the year 2010: A 7-year road map and vision to improve Europe's golf, hospitality, leisure, residential real estate and tourism infrastructure ” . In INVgolf Industry Intelligence Report http://www.invgolf.com/intelligencereport.htm.
   Google Scholar
• INVGolf . 2006 . Golf Development in Greece A Special Report. http://199.239.233.249/invgr/downloads/invgolfreportgreecemarch2006.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ioannides , D. , Apostolopoulos , Y. and Somnez , S. 2001 . Mediterranean Islands and Sustainable Tourism Development , London : Continuum .
   Google Scholar
• Ioannides , D. and Holcomb , B. 2003 . Misguided policy initiatives in small island destinations: Why up-market tourism policies fail . Tourism Geographies , 5 ( 1 ) : 39 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Islam , S. M.N. and Clarke , M. F. 2005 . The welfare economics of measuring austainability: A new approach based on social choice theory and systems analysis . Sustainable Development , 13 : 282 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamal , T. B. 2004 . Virtue ethics and sustainable tourism pedagogy: Phronesis, principles and practice . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 12 ( 6 ) : 530 – 545 .
   Google Scholar
• JOST . 2006 . Tourism and its interactions with climate change . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 14 ( 4 ) Special Issue
   Google Scholar
• JRC . 2005 . Climate Change and the European Water Dimension , Ispra, , Italy : DG-Joint Research Centre .
   Google Scholar
• Kent , M. , Newnham , R. and Essex , S. 2002 . Tourism and sustainable water supply in Mallorca: A geographical analysis . Applied Geography , 22 : 351 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King , R. , Warnes , A. M. and Williams , A. M. 1998 . International retirement migration in Europe . International Journal of Population Geography , 14 : 91 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Lamberton , G. 2005 . Sustainable sufficiency - an internally consistent version of sustainability . Sustainable Development , 13 : 53 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Spina , A. and Sciortino , G. 1997 . “ Common agenda, southern rules: European integration and environmental change in the Mediterranean states ” . In European Integration and Environmental Policy , Edited by: Liefferink , J. D. , Lowe , P. D. and Mol , A. P.J. 217 – 236 . London : Belhaven .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , Z. 2003 . Sustainable tourism development: A critique . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 11 ( 6 ) : 459 – 475 .
   Google Scholar
• Marin , C. E. 2004 . Campos de golf y medio ambiente. Una interacci ón necesaria . Cuadernos de Turismo , 14 : 67 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Markwick , M. C. 2000 . Golf tourism development, stakeholders, differing discourses and alternative agendas: The case of Malta . Tourism Management , 21 : 515 – 524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins , V. M. and Correia , A. H. 2004 . O golfe no Algarve. O presente e o futuro , Faro : Universidade do Algarve .
   Google Scholar
• Mastny , L. 2001 . Travelling Light: New Paths for International Tourism (Rep. No. 159) , Washington, DC : Worldwatch Institute .
   Google Scholar
• McElroy , J. L. 2003 . Tourism development in small islands across the world . Geografiska Annaler , 85B : 231 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. E. and Reid , D. G. 2001 . Community integration: Island tourism in Peru . Annals of Tourism Research , 28 ( 1 ) : 113 – 139 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mowforth , M. and Munt , I. 1998 . Tourism and Sustainability: New Tourism in the Third World , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . 1998 . Towards Sustainable Development: Environmental Indicators , Paris : OECD .
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom , E. 1990 . Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions of Collective Action , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Palmer , C. 2004 . “ More than just a game: The consequences of golf tourism ” . In Sport Tourism: Interrelationships, Impacts and Issues , Edited by: Ritchie , B. W. and Adair , D. 117 – 134 . Clevedon : Channel View Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Papatheodorou , A. 2004 . Exploring the evolution of tourism resorts . Annals of Tourism Research , 31 ( 1 ) : 219 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry , A. 2004 . “ Sports tourism and climate variability ” . In Advances in Tourism Climatology , Edited by: Matzarakis , A. , de Freitas , C. R. and Scott , D. 174 – 179 . Freiburg : Berichte des Meteorologischen Institutes der Universität Freiburg .
   Google Scholar
• Pleumarom , A. 1994 . Summary of Golf Sport and Environment http://www.cenotes.com/save/ingles/sumaryofgolf.html
   Google Scholar
• Pleumarom , A. 1999 . Tourism, Globalisation and Sustainable Development http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/anita-cn.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Pleumarom , A. 2002 . Destruction in disguise . Alternatives , 28 ( 4 ) http://.ndarticles.com/p/articles/mig02295/is200209/ain7273839.
   Google Scholar
• Pope , J. , Annandale , D. and Morrison-Saunders , A. 2004 . Conceptualising sustainability assessment . Environmental Impact Assessment Review , 24 : 595 – 616 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potschin , M. B. and Haines-Young , R. H. 2003 . Improving the quality of environmental assessments using the concept of natural capital: Acase study fromSouthern Germany . Landscape and Urban Planning , 63 ( 2 ) : 93 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pridham , G. 1996 . Tourism Policy in Mediterranean Europe: Towards Sustainable Development? , Bristol : Center for Mediterranean Studies, University of Bristol . (Occasional Paper No. 15).
   Google Scholar
• Priestley , G. 2004 . Planning Implications of Golf Tourism http://www.ualg.pt/estudogolfe/papers/p7.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rebollo , J. F.V. and Baidal , J. A.I. 2003 . Measuring sustainability in a mass tourist destination: Pressures, perceptions and policy responses in Torrevieja, Spain . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 11 ( 2 & 3 ) : 181 – 203 .
   Google Scholar
• Redclift , M. 2005 . Sustainable development (1987–2005): An oxymoron comes of age . Sustainable Development , 13 : 212 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgot , M. and Tapias , J. C. 2003 . Golf Courses Environmental Impact http://www.ualg.pt/estudogolfe/papers/p7.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Santos , M. A. 2005 . Environmental stability and sustainable development . Sustainable Development , 13 : 326 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley , R. 2000 . Tourism and sustainable development: Exploring the theoretical divide . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 8 ( 1 ) : 1 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharpley , R. 2003 . Tourism, modernization and development on the island of Cyprus: Challenges and policy responses . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 11 ( 2 & 3 ) : 246 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , W. B. and Allen , R. B. 2003 . Ecological Impacts of Sea Couch and Saltwater Paspalum in Bay of Plenty Estuaries , DOC Science Internal Ser. 113 Wellington, NZ : Department of Conservation .
   Google Scholar
• Springett , D. 2005 . Critical perspectives on sustainable development . Sustainable Development , 13 : 209 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton , J. and Alislabie , C. 1992 . Up-market integrated resorts in Australia . Annals of Tourism Research , 19 : 435 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterba , J. 2004 . Winning back the frustrated golfer . Wall Street Journal , 19 April
   Google Scholar
• Stolle-McAllister , J. 2004 . Contingent hybridity: The cultural politics of Tepoztlán's antigolf movement . Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power , 11 : 195 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapias , J. C. and Salgot , M. 2004 . Management of soil-water resources in golf courses http://www.ualg.pt/estudogolfe/papers/p8.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Torres , R. M. and Momsen , J. D. 2005 . Gringolandia: The construction of a new tourist space in Mexico . Annals of the Association of American Geographers , 95 ( 2 ) : 314 – 335 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tur , A. A. , Gomez , J. A.D. and Martinez , T. M. 2001 . The Contradictions of the Spanish Residential Tourism http://www.interuniv.isig.it/envtrieste/Abstract-Gomez.doc.
   Google Scholar
• UNAoO . 2002a . Recreation and Tourism: Impacts of Tourism. Economic: Negative impacts, Enclave tourism and other effects , UN Atlas of the Oceans . http://www.oceansatlas.org/servlet/CDSServlet?status=ND0xOTY2NiY2PWVuJjMzPSomMzc9a29z.
   Google Scholar
• UNAoO . 2002b . Recreation and Tourism: Infrastructure Development: Golf courses , UN Atlas of the Oceans . http://www.oceansatlas.org/servlet/CDSServlet?status=ND0yMDAxMCY2PWVuJjMzPSomMzc9a29z.
   Google Scholar
• UNEP . 2004 . Tourism and Biodiversity: Mapping Tourism' Global Footprint http://www.unep.org/PDF/Tourism-and-biodiversity.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wall , G. 1997 . Integrating integrated resorts . Annals of Tourism Research , 23 ( 3 ) : 713 – 717 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnken , J. , Thompson , D. and Zakus , D. H. 2001 . Golf course development in a major tourist destination: Implications for planning and management . Environmental Management , 27 ( 5 ) : 681 – 696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WTO . 1997 . What TourismManagers Need to Know , Madrid : World Tourism Organisation .
   Google Scholar
• WTO . 2001 . The Concept of Sustainable Tourism http://www.worldtourism.org/sustainable/concepts.htm
   Google Scholar
• WTTC . 2003 . The Algarve: The impact of Travel and Tourism on the Economy , World Travel and Tourism Council . http://www.wttc.org/publications/pdf/FINAlgarve%204–03.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• WWF . 2004 . Freshwater and Tourism in the Mediterranean , Rome : WWF Mediterranean Programme .
   Google Scholar
• WWF/Adena . 2003 . Development in the Drought , Madrid : WWF/Adena .
   Google Scholar
• WWF/Adena . 2004 . Desalination: An Alternative to Spain'sWater Transfer Scheme? , Madrid : WWF/Adena .
   Google Scholar
• Zektser , S. , Loaiciga , Z. H.A. and Wolf , Z. J.T. 2005 . Environmental impacts of groundwater overdraft: Selected case studies in the Southwestern United States . Environmental Geology , 47 : 396 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar