Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone and Cartilage Repair: Current Status

• Logeart-Avramoglou D , AnagnostouF, BiziosR, PetiteH: Engineering bone: challenges and obstacles.J. Cell. Mol. Med.9(1), 72–84 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindahl A , BrittbergM, PetersonL: Health economics benefits following autologous chondrocyte transplantation for patients with focal chondral lesions of the knee.Knee Surg. Sports. Traumatol. Arthrosc.9(6), 358–363 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakes BW : Orthopaedic tissue engineering: from laboratory to the clinic.Med. J. Aust. 180 (Suppl. 5), S35-S38 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow JC , HantesME, HouleJB, ZalavrasCG: Arthroscopic autogenous osteochondral transplantation for treating knee cartilage defects: a 2- to 5-year follow-up study.Arthroscopy20(7), 681–690 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redman SN , OldfieldSF, ArcherCW.Current strategies for articular cartilage repair: Eur. Cell. Mater.4(9), 23–32 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Springfield DS : Massive autogenous bone grafts.Orthop. Clin. North. Am.8(2), 249–256 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Eufinger H , LeppanenH: Iliac crest donor site morbidity following open and closed methods of bone harvest for alveolar cleft osteoplasty.J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg.28(1), 31–38 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianco P , RobeyPG: Stem cells in tissue engineering.Nature414(6859), 118–121 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brittberg M , LindahlA, NilssonA, OhlssonC, IsakssonO, PetersonL: Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation.N. Engl. J. Med.331(14), 889–895 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brittberg M , TallhedenT, Sjogren-JanssonB, LindahlA, PetersonL: Autologous chondrocytes used for articular cartilage repair: an update.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.391, S337-S348 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittenger MF , MackayAM, BeckSC et al.: Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science284(5411), 143–147 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis JE , CharbordP: Origin and differentiation of human and murine stroma.Stem Cells20(3), 205–214 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancedda R , BianchiG, DerubeisA, QuartoR: Cell therapy for bone disease: a review of current status.Stem Cells21(5), 610–619 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassem M , KristiansenM, AbdallahBM: Mesenchymal stem cells: cell biology and potential use in therapy.Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol.95(5), 209–214 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplan AI : Review: mesenchymal stem cells: cell-based reconstructive therapy in orthopedics.Tissue Eng. 11 (7–8), 1198–1211 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liechty KW , MacKenzieTC, ShaabanAF et al.: Human mesenchymal stem cells engraft and demonstrate site-specific differentiation after in utero transplantation in sheep. Nature Med.6(11), 1282–1286 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kon E , MuragliaA, CorsiA et al.: Autologous bone marrow stromal cells loaded onto porous hydroxyapatite ceramic accelerate bone repair in critical-size defects of sheep long bones. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.49(3), 328–337 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petite H , ViateauV, BensaidW et al.: Tissue-engineered bone regeneration. Nat. Biotechnol.18(9), 959–963 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly JF , GuseR, TiedemanJ, DehneR: Autologous marrow injection as a substitute for operative grafting of tibial nonunions.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.266, 259–270 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly JF : Injectable bone marrow preparations to stimulate osteogenic repair.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.313, 8–18 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muschler GF , MiduraR: Connective tissue progenitors: practical concepts for clinical applications.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.395, 66–80 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Jorgensen C , GordeladzeJ, NoelD: Tissue engineering through autologous mesenchymal stem cells.Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.15(5), 406–410 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiedeman JJ , GarvinKL, KileTA, ConnollyJF: The role of a composite, demineralized bone matrix and bone marrow in the treatment of osseous defects.Orthopedics18(12), 1153–1158 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quarto R , MastrogiacomoM, CanceddaR et al.: Repair of large bone defects with the use of autologous bone marrow stromal cells. N. Engl. J. Med.344(5), 385–386 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vacanti CA , BonassarLJ, VacantiMP, ShufflebargerJ: Replacement of an avulsed phalanx with tissue-engineered bone.N. Engl. J. Med.344(20), 1511–1514 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernigou P , BeaujeanF: Treatment of osteonecrosis with autologous bone marrow grafting.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.405, 14–23 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancedda R , QuartoR, GiannoniP, MastrogiacomoM, MuragliaA: Cell therapy and bone repair.Eur. Cells Materials 5 (S2), 2–3 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Gangji V , HauzeurJP, MatosC, De Maertelaer V, Toungouz M, Lambermont M: Treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with implantation of autologous bone-marrow cells. A pilot study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.86(A6), 1153–1160 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kitoh H , KitakojiT, TsuchiyaH et al.: Transplantation of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma during distraction osteogenesis-a preliminary result of three cases. Bone35(4), 892–898 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Warnke PH , SpringerIN, WiltfangJ et al.: Growth and transplantation of a custom vascularised bone graft in a man. Lancet364(9436), 766–770 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warnke PH , WiltfangJ, SpringerI et al.: Man as living bioreactor: Fate of an exogenously prepared customized tissue-engineered mandible. Biomaterials27(17), 3163–3167 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada Y , UedaM, HibiH, NagasakaT: Translational research for injectable tissue-engineered bone regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma: from basic research to clinical case study.Cell Transplant.13(4), 343–355 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernigou P , PoignardA, BeaujeanF, RouardH: Percutaneous autologous bone-marrow grafting for nonunions. Influence of the number and concentration of progenitor cells.J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.87(7), 1430–1437 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ueda M , YamadaY, OzawaR, OkazakiY: Clinical case reports of injectable tissue-engineered bone for alveolar augmentation with simultaneous implant placement.Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.25(2), 129–137 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibi H , YamadaY, KagamiH, UedaM: Distraction osteogenesis assisted by tissue engineering in an irradiated mandible: a case report.Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants.21(1), 141–147 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paley D , CatagniMA, ArgnaniF, VillaA, BenedettiGB, CattaneoR: Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.241, 146–165 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masquelet AC : Muscle reconstruction in reconstructive surgery: soft tissue repair and long bone reconstruction.Langenbecks Arch. Surg.388(5), 344–346 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parikh SN : Bone graft substitutes: past, present, future.J. Postgrad. Med.48(2), 142–148 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Potier E , PetiteH: Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in orthopaedics.Pathol. Biol.53(3), 142–148 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyde A , CorsiA, QuartoR, CanceddaR, BiancoP: Osteoconduction in large macroporous hydroxyapatite ceramic implants: evidence for a complementary integration and disintegration mechanism.Bone24(6), 579–589 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roux FX , BrasnuD, MenardM, DevauxB, NohraG, LotyB: Madreporic coral for cranial base reconstruction. 8 years experience.Acta Neurochir. 133 (3–4), 201–205 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensaid W , OudinaK, ViateauV et al.: De novo reconstruction of functional bone by tissue engineering in the metatarsal sheep model. Tissue Eng. 11 (5–6), 814–824 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marx RE , CarlsonER, EichstaedtRM, SchimmeleSR, StraussJE, GeorgeffKR: Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts.Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.85(6), 638–646 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marx RE : Platelet-rich plasma: evidence to support its use.J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.62(4), 489–496 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowery GL , KulkarniS, PennisiAE. Use of autologous growth factors in lumbar spinal fusion. Bone 25 (S2), S47-S50 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muschler GF , NakamotoC, GriffithLG: Engineering principles of clinical cell-based tissue engineering.J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.A86(7), 1541–1558 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• LeGeros RZ : Properties of osteoconductive biomaterials: calcium phosphates.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.395, 81–98 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastrogiacomo M , MuragliaA, KomlevV et al.: Tissue engineering of bone: search for a better scaffold. Orthod. Craniofac. Res.8(4), 277–284 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delecrin J , TakahashiS, GouinF, PassutiN: A synthetic porous ceramic as a bone graft substitute in the surgical management of scoliosis: a prospective, randomized study.Spine25(5), 563–569 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Govender PV , RampersaudYR, RickardsL, FehlingsMG: Use of osteogenic protein-1 in spinal fusion: literature review and preliminary results in a prospective series of high-risk cases.Neurosurg. Focus13(6), e4 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Govender S , CsimmaC, GenantHK: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for treatment of open tibial fractures: a prospective, controlled, randomized study of four hundred and fifty patients.J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.A84(12), 2123–2134 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Warnke PH , CorenAJ: First experiences with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (osteogenic protein 1) in a human case in maxillofacial surgery.Plast. Reconstr. Surg.111(7), 2471–2472 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva GA , CostaFJ, NevesNM, CoutinhoOP, DiasAC, ReisRL: Entrapment ability and release profile of corticosteroids from starch-based microparticles.J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 73(2), 234–243 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Tatard VM , Venier-JulienneMC, SaulnierP et al.: Pharmacologically active microcarriers: a tool for cell therapy. Biomaterials26(17), 3727–3737 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson L , MinasT, BrittbergM, NilssonA, Sjogren-JanssonE, LindahlA: Two- to 9-year outcome after autologous chondrocyte transplantation of the knee.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.374, 212–234 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindahl A , BrittbergM, PetersonL: Cartilage repair with chondrocytes: clinical and cellular aspects.Novartis Found. Symp.249, 175–186 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peterson L , MinasT, BrittbergM, LindahlA: Treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation: results at two to ten years.J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.A85(S2), 17–24 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Bentley G , BiantLC, CarringtonRW et al.: A prospective, randomised comparison of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosaicplasty for osteochondral defects in the knee. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.85, 223–230 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horas U , PelinkovicD, HerrG, AignerT, SchnettlerR: Autologous chondrocyte implantation and osteochondral cylinder transplantation in cartilage repair of the knee joint. A prospective, comparative trial.J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.A85, 185–192 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Knutsen G , EngebretsenL, LudvigsenTC et al.: Autologous chondrocyte implantation compared with microfracture in the knee. A randomized trial. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.A86, 455–464 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Ronga M , GrassiFA, BulgheroniP: Arthroscopic autologous chondrocyte implantation for the treatment of a chondral defect in the tibial plateau of the knee.Arthroscopy. 20(1), 79–84 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett W , GoodingCR, CarringtonRW, SkinnerJA, BriggsTW, BentleyG: Autologous chondrocyte implantation at the knee using a bilayer collagen membrane with bone graft. A preliminary report.J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.87(3), 330–332 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bartlett W , SkinnerJA, GoodingCR et al.: Autologous chondrocyte implantation versus matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation for osteochondral defects of the knee: a prospective, randomised study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.87(5), 640–545 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakitani S , GotoT, PinedaSJ et al.: Mesenchymal cell-based repair of large, full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.76(4), 579–592 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Im GI , KimDY, ShinJH, HyunCW, ChoWH: Repair of cartilage defect in the rabbit with cultured mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow.J. Bone Joint Surg. Br.83(2), 289–294, (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J , DennisJE, SolchagaLA, GoldbergVM, CaplanAI: Repair of osteochondral defect with tissue-engineered two-phase composite material of injectable calcium phosphate and hyaluronan sponge.Tissue Eng.8(5), 827–837 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sakai D , MochidaJ, IwashinaT et al.: Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells transplanted to a rabbit degenerative disc model: potential and limitations for stem cell therapy in disc regeneration. Spine30(21), 2379–2387 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai D , MochidaJ, IwashinaT et al.: Regenerative effects of transplanting mesenchymal stem cells embedded in atelocollagen to the degenerated intervertebral disc. Biomaterials27(3), 335–345 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uematsu K , HattoriK, IshimotoY et al.: Cartilage regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells and a three-dimensional poly-lactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold. Biomaterials26(20), 4273–4279 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakitani S , MitsuokaT, NakamuraN, ToritsukaY, NakamuraY, HoribeS: Autologous bone marrow stromal cell transplantation for repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in human patellae: two case reports.Cell Transplant.13(5), 595–600 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browne JE , AndersonAF, ArcieroR et al.: Clinical outcome of autologous chondrocyte implantation at 5 years in US subjects. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.436, 237–245 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Micheli LJ , BrowneJE, ErggeletC et al.: Autologous chondrocyte implantation of the knee: multicenter experience and minimum 3-year follow-up. Clin. J. Sport Med.11(4), 223–228 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavesio A , AbatangeloG, BorrioneA et al.: Hyaluronan-based scaffolds (Hyalograft C) in the treatment of knee cartilage defects: preliminary clinical findings. Novartis Found. Symp.249, 203–217 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caterson EJ , NestiLJ, LiWJ et al.: Three-dimensional cartilage formation by bone marrow-derived cells seeded in polylactide/alginate amalgam. J. Biomed. Mater. Res.57(3), 394–403 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mierisch CM , WilsonHA, TurnerMA et al.: Chondrocyte transplantation into articular cartilage defects with use of calcium alginate: the fate of the cells. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am.A85(9), 1757–1767 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Tamai N , MyouiA, HiraoM et al.: A new biotechnology for articular cartilage repair: subchondral implantation of a composite of interconnected porous hydroxyapatite, synthetic polymer (PLA-PEG), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Osteoarthritis Cartilage13(5), 405–417 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young RG , ButlerDL, WeberW, CaplanAI, GordonSL, FinkDJ: Use of mesenchymal stem cells in a collagen matrix for Achilles tendon repair.J. Orthop. Res.16(4), 406–413 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awad HA , ButlerDL, BoivinGP et al.: Autologous mesenchymal stem cell-mediated repair of tendon. Tissue Eng.5(3), 267–277 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Awad HA , BoivinGP, DresslerMR, SmithFN, YoungRG, ButlerDL: Repair of patellar tendon injuries using a cell-collagen composite.J. Orthop. Res.21(3), 420–431 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang HW , GohJC, ThambyahA, TeohSH, LeeEH: Knitted poly-lactide-co-glycolide scaffold loaded with bone marrow stromal cells in repair and regeneration of rabbit Achilles tendon.Tissue Eng.9(3), 431–439 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Juncosa-Melvin N , BoivinGP, GoochC et al.: The Effect of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Biomechanics and Histology of Gel-Collagen Sponge Constructs Used for Rabbit Patellar Tendon Repair. Tissue Eng.12(2), 369–379 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Dressler MR , ButlerDL, BoivinGP: Effects of age on the repair ability of mesenchymal stem cells in rabbit tendon.J. Orthop. Res.23(2), 287–293 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris MT , ButlerDL, BoivinGP, FlorerJB, SchantzEJ, WenstrupRJ: Mesenchymal stem cells used for rabbit tendon repair can form ectopic bone and express alkaline phosphatase activity in constructs.J. Orthop. Res.22(5), 998–1003 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz EM , ProckopDJ, FitzpatrickLA et al.: Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nature Med.5(3), 309–313 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horwitz EM , ProckopDJ, GordonPL et al.: Clinical responses to bone marrow transplantation in children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Blood97(5), 1227–1231 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerson SL : Mesenchymal stem cells: no longer second class marrow citizens.Nature Med.5(3), 262–264 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koc ON , DayJ, NiederM, GersonSL, LazarusHM, KrivitW: Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell infusion for treatment of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and Hurler syndrome (MPS-IH).Bone Marrow Transplant.30(4), 215–222 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte MP , KurtzbergJ, McAlisterWH et al.: Marrow cell transplantation for infantile hypophosphatasia. J. Bone Miner. Res.18(4), 624–636 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Blanc K , GotherstromC, RingdenO et al.: Fetal mesenchymal stem-cell engraftment in bone after in utero transplantation in a patient with severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Transplantation79(11), 1607–1614 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badiavas EV , FalangaV: Treatment of chronic wounds with bone marrow-derived cells.Arch. Dermatol.139(4), 510–516 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia-Olmo D , Garcia-ArranzM, HerrerosD, PascualI, PeiroC, Rodriguez-MontesJA: A Phase I clinical trial of the treatment of Crohn's fistula by adipose mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.Dis. Colon. Rectum48(7), 1416–1423 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang OY , LeeJS, LeePH, LeeG: Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in stroke patients.Ann. Neurol.57(6), 874–882 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perin EC , DohmannHF, BorojevicR et al.: Transendocardial, autologous bone marrow cell transplantation for severe, chronic ischemic heart failure. Circulation107(18), 2294–2302 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamm C , WestphalB, KleineHD et al.: Autologous bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration. Lancet361(9351), 45–46 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittenger MF , MartinBJ: Mesenchymal stem cells and their potential as cardiac therapeutics.Circ. Res.95, 9–20, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer GP , WollertKC, LotzJ et al.: Intracoronary bone marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction: eighteen months’ follow-up data from the randomized, controlled BOOST (BOne marrOw transfer to enhance ST-elevation infarct regeneration) trial. Circulation113(10), 1287–1294 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vulliet PR , GreeleyM, HalloranSM, MacDonaldKA, KittlesonMD: Intra-coronary arterial injection of mesenchymal stromal cells and microinfarction in dogs.Lancet363(9411), 783–784 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tateishi-Yuyama E , MatsubaraH, MuroharaT et al.: Therapeutic Angiogenesis using Cell transplantation (TACT) Study Investigators. Therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with limb ischaemia by autologous transplantation of bone-marrow cells: a pilot study and a randomised controlled trial. Lancet360(9331), 427–435 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Blanc K : Immunomodulatory effects of fetal and adult mesenchymal stem cells.Cytotherapy5(6), 485–489 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Blanc K , RasmussonI, SundbergB et al.: Treatment of severe acute graft versus host disease with third party haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells. Lancet363(9419), 1439–1441 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus HM , KocON, DevineSM et al.: Cotransplantation of HLA-identical sibling culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells in hematologic malignancy patients. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 11(5), 389–398 (2005).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tse WT , PendletonJD, BeyerWM, EgalkaMC, GuinanEC: Suppression of allogeneic T-cell proliferation by human marrow stromal cells: implications in transplantation.Transplantation75(3), 389–397 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubio D , Garcia-CastroJ, MartinMC et al.: Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation. Cancer Res.65(8), 3035–3039 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu W , XuW, JiangR et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow favor tumor cell growth in vivo. Exp. Mol. Pathol.80(3), 267–274 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spees JL , GregoryCA, SinghH et al.: Internalized antigens must be removed to prepare hypoimmunogenic mesenchymal stem cells for cell and gene therapy. Mol. Ther.9(5), 747–756 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotiropoulou PA , PerezSA, SalagianniM, BaxevanisCN, PapamichailM: Characterization of the optimal culture conditions for clinical scale production of human mesenchymal stem cells.Stem Cells24(2), 462–471 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayhew TA , WilliamsGR, SenicaMA, KuniholmG, Du Moulin GC: Validation of a quality assurance program for autologous cultured chondrocyte implantation. Tissue Eng.4(3), 325–334 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kielpinski G , PrinziS, DuguidJ, du Moulin G: Roadmap to approval: use of an automated sterility test method as a lot release test for Carticel, autologous cultured chondrocytes. Cytotherapy7(6), 531–541 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornemo M , TallhedenT, Sjogren Jansson E et al.: Clonal populations of chondrocytes with progenitor properties identified within human articular cartilage. Cells Tissues Organs180(3), 141–150 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiser J , ZhangXY, HemenwayCS, MondalD, PradhanL, La Russa VF: Potential of mesenchymal stem cells in gene therapy approaches for inherited and acquired diseases. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 5(12), 1571–1584 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Serakinci N , GuldbergP, BurnsJS et al.: Adult human mesenchymal stem cell as a target for neoplastic transformation. Oncogene 23(29), 5095–5098 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Williams JT , SoutherlandSS, SouzaJ, CalcuttAF, CartledgeRG: Cells isolated from adult human skeletal muscle capable of differentiating into multiple mesodermal phenotypes. Am. Surg. 65(1), 22–26 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Deasy BM , LiY, HuardJ: Tissue engineering with muscle-derived stem cells.Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.15(5), 419–423 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroda R , UsasA, KuboS et al.: Cartilage repair using bone morphogenetic protein 4 and muscle-derived stem cells. Arthritis Rheum.54(2), 433–442 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss ML , MedicettyS, BledsoeAR et al.: Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Stem Cells: Preliminary Characterization and Effect of Transplantation in a Rodent Model of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cells24(3), 781–792 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redlich A , PerkaC, SchultzO et al.: Bone engineering on the basis of periosteal cells cultured in polymer fleeces. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.10(12), 767–772 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan CG , TangFW, ZhangQJ et al.: Characterization and neural differentiation of fetal lung mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Transplant.14(5), 311–321 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuk PA , ZhuM, AshjianP et al.: Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol. Biol. Cell.13(12), 4279–4295 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson B , ZhangJ, IglesiasR et al.: Healing of critically sized femoral defects, using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue. Tissue Eng.11(1–2), 120–129 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fuchs JR , KavianiA, OhJT et al.: Diaphragmatic reconstruction with autologous tendon engineered from mesenchymal amniocytes. J. Pediatr. Surg.39(6), 834–838 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuznetsov SA , MankaniMH, GronthosS, SatomuraK, BiancoP, RobeyPG: Circulating skeletal stem cells.J. Cell Biol.153(5), 1133–1140 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bari C , Dell'AccioF, LuytenFP: Failure of in vitro-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells from the synovial membrane to form ectopic stable cartilage in vivo.Arthritis Rheum.50(1), 142–150 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gimeno MJ , ManeiroE, RendalE, RamallalM, SanjurjoL, BlancoFJ: Cell therapy: a therapeutic alternative to treat focal cartilage lesions.Transplant. Proc.37(9), 4080–4083 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi G , BanfiA, MastrogiacomoM et al.: Ex vivo enrichment of mesenchymal cell progenitors by fibroblast growth factor 2. Exp. Cell Res.287(1), 98–105 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahdadfar A , FronsdalK, HaugT, ReinholtFP, BrinchmannJE: In vitro expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells: choice of serum is a determinant of cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, and transcriptome stability.Stem Cells23(9), 1357–1366 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vunjak-Novakovic G , MeinelL, AltmanG, KaplanD: Bioreactor cultivation of osteochondral grafts.Orthod. Craniofac. Res.8(3), 209–218 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scaglione S , BracciniA, WendtD et al.: Engineering of osteoinductive grafts by isolation and expansion of ovine bone marrow stromal cells directly on 3D ceramic scaffolds. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 93(1), 181–187 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Srouji S , RachmielA, BlumenfeldI, LivneE: Mandibular defect repair by TGF-β and IGF-1 released from a biodegradable osteoconductive hydrogel.J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg.33(2), 79–84 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuta H , KudoS, NakamuraE, OtsukaY, TakagiK, HirakiY: Active proliferation of mesenchymal cells prior to the chondrogenic repair response in rabbit full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.Osteoarthritis Cartilage12(7), 586–596 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bensaid W , TriffittJT, BlanchatC, OudinaK, SedelL, PetiteH: A biodegradable fibrin scaffold for mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.Biomaterials24(14), 2497–2502 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anitua E , SanchezM, NurdenAT, NurdenP, OriveG, AndiaI: New insights into and novel applications for platelet-rich fibrin therapies. Trends Biotechnol. (Online)(2006).
   Google Scholar
• Muschler GF , NittoH, MatsukuraY et al.: Spine fusion using cell matrix composites enriched in bone marrow-derived cells. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.407, 102–118 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez M , AzofraJ, AnituaE et al.: Plasma rich in growth factors to treat an articular cartilage avulsion: a case report. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.35(10), 1648–1652 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christman KL , FokHH, SieversRE, FangQ, LeeRJ: Fibrin glue alone and skeletal myoblasts in a fibrin scaffold preserve cardiac function after myocardial infarction.Tissue Eng. 10 (3–4), 403–409 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ren T , RenJ, JiaX, PanK: The bone formation in vitro and mandibular defect repair using PLGA porous scaffolds.J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 74(4), 562–569 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Ge Z , BaguenardS, LimLY, WeeA, KhorE: Hydroxyapatite-chitin materials as potential tissue engineered bone substitutes.Biomaterials25(6), 1049–1058 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li WJ , LaurencinCT, CatersonEJ, TuanRS, KoFK: Electrospun nanofibrous structure: a novel scaffold for tissue engineering.J. Biomed. Mater. Res.60(4), 613–621 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L , HuiJH, GohJC, ChenF, LeeEH: Chitin as a scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells transfers in the treatment of partial growth arrest.J. Pediatr. Orthop.24(2), 205–210 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muschler GF , MatsukuraY, NittoH et al.: Selective retention of bone marrow-derived cells to enhance spinal fusion. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.432, 242–251 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Srouji S , LivneE: Bone marrow stem cells and biological scaffold for bone repair in aging and disease.Mech. Ageing Dev.126(2), 281–287 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastrogiacomo M , ScaglioneS, MartinettiR et al.: Role of scaffold internal structure on in vivo bone formation in macroporous calcium phosphate bioceramics. Biomaterials27(17), 3230–3237 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuli R , LiWJ, TuanRS: Current state of cartilage tissue engineering. Arthritis Res. Ther. 5(5), 235–238 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Tuli R , NandiS, LiWJ et al.: Human mesenchymal progenitor cell-based tissue engineering of a single-unit osteochondral construct. Tissue Eng. 10 (7–8), 1169–1179 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hasharoni A , ZilbermanY, TurgemanG, HelmGA, LiebergallM, GazitD: Murine spinal fusion induced by engineered mesenchymal stem cells that conditionally express bone morphogenetic protein-2.J. Neurosurg. Spine3(1), 47–52 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraitchman DL , HeldmanAW, AtalarE et al.: In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction. Circulation107(18), 2290–2293 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Website

• Aastrom publications. www.aastrom.com/recentpublications.asp
   Google Scholar