155
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

RNA Silencing Suppressors: How Viruses Fight Back

, , &
Pages 125-133 | Published online: 29 Feb 2008

Bibliography

  • Baulcombe DC : Short silencing RNA: the dark matter of genetics?Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology71 , 13–20 (2006).
  • Bernstein E , CaudyAA, HammondSM, HannonGJ: Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference.Nature409(6818) , 363–366 (2001).
  • Hammond SM , BernsteinE, BeachD, HannonG: An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cell extracts.Nature404(6775) , 293–296 (2000).
  • Kurihara Y , WatanabeY: Arabidopsis micro-RNA biogenesis through Dicer like 1 protein functions.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101(34) , 12753–12758 (2004).
  • Bartel DP : MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function.Cell116(2) , 281–297 (2004).
  • Zamore PD : RNA silencing: genomic defence with a slice of pi.Nature446(7138) , 864–865 (2007).
  • Kasschau KD , CarringtonJC: A counterdefensive strategy of plant viruses: suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing.Cell95(4) , 461–470 (1998).
  • Brigneti G , VoinnetO, LiWX, JiLH, Ding SW, Baulcombe DC: Viral pathogenicity determinants are suppressors of transgene silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana. EMBO J.17(22) , 6739–6746 (1998).
  • Anandalakshmi R , PrussGJ, GeX et al.: A viral suppressor of gene silencing in plants. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA95(22) , 13079–13084 (1998).
  • Voinnet O , PintoYM, BaulcombeDC: Suppression of gene silencing: a general strategy used by diverse DNA and RNA viruses of plants.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA96(24) , 14147–14152 (1999).
  • Ratcliff F , HarrisonBD, BaulcombeDC: A similarity between viral defense and gene silencing in plants.Science276(5318) , 1558–1560 (1997).
  • Covey SN , Al-KaffNS, LangaraA, Turner DS: Plants combat infection by gene silencing. Nature385(6619) , 781–782 (1997).
  • Lindbo JA , Silva-RosalesL, ProebstingWM, DoughertyWG: Induction of a highly specific antiviral state in transgenic plants: implications for regulation of gene expression and virus resistance.Plant Cell5(12) , 1749–1759 (1993).
  • Morel JB , GodonC, MourrainP et al.: Fertile hypomorphic ARGONAUTE (ago1) mutants impaired in post-transcriptional gene silencing and virus resistance. Plant Cell14(3) , 629–639 (2002).
  • Chen J , LiWX, XieD, PengJR, DingSW: Viral virulence protein suppresses RNA silencing-mediated defense but upregulates the role of microRNA in host gene expression.Plant Cell16(4) , 1302–1313 (2004).
  • Li F , DingSW: Virus counterdefense: Diverse strategies for evading the RNA-silencing immunity.Annu. Rev. Microbiol.60 , 503–531 (2006).
  • Ding SW , VoinnetO: Antiviral immunity directed by small RNAs.Cell130(3) , 413–426 (2007).
  • Lu R , FolimonovA, ShintakuM et al.: Three distinct suppressors of RNA silencing encoded by a 20-kb viral genome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101(44) , 15742–15747 (2004).
  • Segers GC , van Wezel R, Zhang XM, Hong YG, Nuss DL: Hypovirus papain-like protease p29 suppresses RNA silencing in the natural fungal host and in a heterologous plant system. Eukaryotic Celll5(6) , 896–904 (2006).
  • Segers GC , ZhangXM, DengFY, SunQH, NussDL: Evidence that RNA silencing functions as an antiviral defense mechanism in fungi.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(31) , 12902–12906 (2007).
  • Li H , LiWX, DingSW: Induction and suppression of RNA silencing by an animal virus.Science296(5571) , 1319–1321 (2002).
  • Li WX , LiH, LuR et al.: Interferon antagonist proteins of influenza and vaccinia viruses are suppressors of RNA silencing. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101(5) , 1350–1355 (2004).
  • Schütz S , SarnowP: Interaction of viruses with the mammalian RNA interference pathway.Virology344(1) , 151–157 (2006).
  • Wilkins C , DishonghR, MooreSC, Whitt MA, Chow M, Machaca K: RNA interference is an antiviral defense mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature436(18) , 1044–1047 (2005).
  • Bazzini AA , HoppHE, BeachyRN, AsurmendiS: Infection and coaccumulation of tobacco mosaic virus proteins alter microRNA levels, correlating with symptom and plant development.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(29) , 12157–12162 (2007).
  • Qu J , YeJ, FangR: Artificial microRNA-mediated virus resistance in plants.J. Virol.81(12) , 6690–6699 (2007).
  • Niu QW , KinSS, ReyesJL et al.: Expression of artificial microRNAs in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana confers virus resistance. Nat. Biotechnol.21(11) , 1420–1428 (2006).
  • Simon-Mateo C , GarciaJA: MicroRNA-guided processing impairs Plum pox virus replication, but the virus readily evolves to escape this silencing mechanism.J. Virol.80(5) , 2429–2436 (2006).
  • Sullivan CS , GanemD: MicroRNAs and viral infection.Mol. Cell20(1) , 3–7 (2005).
  • Sullivan CS , GrundhoffAT, TevethiaS, PipasJM, GanemD: SV40-encoded microRNAs regulate viral gene expression and reduce susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells.Nature435(7042) , 682–686 (2005).
  • Stern-Ginossar N , ElefantN, Zimmermann A et al.: Host immune system gene targeting by a viral miRNA. Science317(5836) , 376–381 (2007).
  • Gottwein E , MukherjeeN, SachseC et al.: A viral microRNA functions as an orthologue of cellular miR-155. Nature450(7172) , 1096–1099 (2007).
  • Lecellier C , DunoyerP, ArarK et al.: A cellular microRNA mediates antiviral defense in human cells. Science308(5721) , 557–560 (2005).
  • Triboulet R , MariB, Lin Y-L et al.: Suppression of microRNA-silencing pathway by HIV-1 during virus replication. Science315(5818) , 1579–1582 (2007).
  • Pedersen IM , ChengG, WielandS et al.: Interferon modulation of cellular microRNAs as an antiviral mechanism. Nature449(7164) , 919–923 (2007).
  • Huang J , WangF, ArgyrisE et al.: Cellular microRNAs contribute to HIV-1 latency in resting primary CD4+ T lymphocytes. Nat. Med.13(10) , 1241–1247 (2007).
  • Grey F , MeyersH, WhiteEA, Spector DH, Nelson J: A human cytomegalovirus-encoded microRNA regulates expression of multiple viral genes involved in replication. PLoS Pathog.3(11) , E163 (2007).
  • Jopling CL , YiM, LancasterAM, Lemon SM, Sarnow P: Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance by a liver-specific microRNA. Science309(5740) , 1577–1581 (2005).
  • Randall G , PanisM, CooperJD et al.: Cellular cofactors affecting hepatitis C virus infection and replication. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104(31) , 12884–12889 (2007).
  • Otsuka M , JingQ, GeorgelP et al.: Hypersusceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus infection in Dicer1-deficient mice is due to impaired miR24 and miR93 expression. Immunity27(1) , 123–134 (2007).
  • Chen J , LiWX, XieD, PengJR, DingSW: Viral virulence protein suppresses RNA silencing-mediated defense but upregulates the role of microRNA in host gene expression.Plant Cell16(5) , 1302–1313 (2004).
  • Lu R , MaduroM, LiF et al.: Animal virus replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature436(7053) , 1040–1043 (2005).
  • Fenner BJ , GohW, KwangJ: Dissection of the double-stranded RNA binding protein B2 from betanodavirus.J. Virol.81(11) , 5449–5459 (2007).
  • van Rij RP , SalehMC, BerryB et al.: The RNA silencing endonuclease Argonaute 2 mediates specific antiviral immunity in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes Dev.20(21) , 2985–2995 (2006).
  • Dunoyer P , LecellierCH, ParizottoEA, HimberC, VoinnetO: Probing the microRNA and small interfering RNA pathways with virus-encoded suppressors of RNA silencing.Plant Cell16(5) , 1235–1250 (2004).
  • Meral Z , KerenyiZ, KerteszS, MagnaM, LakatosL, SihavyD: Double-stranded RNA binding may be a general plant RNA viral strategy to suppress RNA silencing.J. Virol.80(12) , 5747–5756 (2006).
  • Vargason JM , SzittyaG, BurgyánJ et al.: Size selective recognition of siRNA by an RNA silencing suppressor. Cell115(7) , 799–811 (2003).
  • Ye K , MalininaL, PatelDJ: Recognition of small interfering RNA by a viral suppressor of RNA silencing.Nature426(6968) , 874–878 (2003).
  • Chellappan P , VanitharaniR, FauquetCM: MicroRNA-binding viral protein interferes with Arabidopsis development.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA102(29) , 10381–10386 (2005).
  • Zhang X , YuanY, PeiY, TuschlT, PartelD, ChuaN: Cucumber mosaic virus-encoded 2b suppressor inhibits Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE 1 cleavage activity to counter plant defense.Genes Dev.20(23) , 3255–3268 (2006).
  • Diaz-Pendon JA , LiF, LiWX, DingSW: Suppression of antiviral silencing by cucumber mosaic virus 2b protein in Arabidopsis is associated with drastically reduced accumulation of three classes of viral small interfering RNAs.Plant Cell19(6) , 2053–2063 (2007).
  • Baumberger N , TsalC, LieM, HaveckerE, BaulcombeDC: The polerovirus silencing suppressor P0 targets ARGONAUTE proteins for degradation.Curr. Biol.17(18) , 1609–1614 (2007).
  • Bortolamiol D , PazhouhandehM, MarroccoK, GeneschikP, Ziegler-GraffV: The polerovirus F box protein P0 targets ARGONAUTE1 to suppress RNA silencing.Curr. Biol.17(18) , 1615–1621 (2007).
  • Anandalakshmi R , MaratheR, GeX et al.: A calmodulin-related protein that suppresses posttranscriptional gene silencing in plants. Science290(5489) , 142–144 (2000).
  • van Wezel R , DongX, LiuH, TienP, StanleyJ, HongY: Mutation of three cysteine residues in tomato yellow leaf curl virus-China C2 protein causes dysfunction in pathogenesis and posttranscriptional gene-silencing suppression.Mol. Plant. Microbe Interact.15(3) , 203–208 (2002).
  • van Wezel R , LiuH, WuZ, StanleyJ, Hong Y: Contribution of the zinc finger to zinc and DNA binding by a suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing. J. Virol.77(1) , 696–700 (2003).
  • Dong X , van Wezel R, Stanley J, Hong Y: Functional characterization of the nuclear localization signal for a suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing. J. Virol.77(12) , 7026–7033 (2003).
  • Trinks D , RajeswaranR, ShivaprasadPV et al.: Suppression of RNA silencing by geminivirus nuclear protein, AC2, correlates with transactivation of host genes. J. Virol.79(4) , 2517–2527 (2005).
  • Wang H , BuckleyKJ, YangX, Buchmann RC, Bisaro DM: Adenosine kinase inhibition and suppression of RNA silencing by geminivirus AL2 and L2 proteins. J. Virol.79(12) , 7410–7418 (2005).
  • Hamilton AJ , VoinnetO, ChappellL, BaulcombeD: Two classes of short interfering RNA in RNA silencing.EMBO J.21(17) , 4671–4679 (2002).
  • Guo HS , DingSW: A viral protein inhibits the long range signaling activity of the gene silencing signal.EMBO J.21(3) , 398–407 (2002).
  • Bucher E , HemmesH, de Haan P, Goldbach R, Prins M: The influenza A virus NS1 protein binds small interfering RNAs and suppresses RNA silencing in plants. J. Gen. Virol.85(4) , 983–991 (2004).
  • Delgadillo MO , SáenzP, SalvadorB, García JA, Simón-Mateo C: Human influenza virus NS1 protein enhances viral pathogenicity and acts as an RNA silencing suppressor in plants. J. Gen. Virol.85(4) , 993–999 (2004).
  • Haasnoot J , de Vries W, Geutjes E et al.: The Ebola virus VP35 protein is a suppressor of RNA silencing. PLoS Path.4(6) , E86 (2007).
  • Kok KH , Jin D-Y: Influenza A virus NS1 protein does not suppress RNA interference in mammalian cells. J. Gen. Virol.87(9) , 2639–2644 (2006).
  • Bennasser Y , LeSY, BenkiraneM, JeangKT: Evidence that HIV-1 encodes an siRNA and a suppressor of RNA silencing.Immunity22(5) , 607–619 (2005).
  • Bennasser Y , JeangKT: HIV-1 Tat interaction with Dicer: requirement for RNA.Retrovirology3 , 95 (2006).
  • Wang Y , KatoN, JazagA et al.: Hepatitis C virus core protein is a potent inhibitor of RNA silencing-based antiviral response. Gastroenterology130(3) , 883–892 (2006).
  • Andersson MG , HaasnootPC, XuN, BerenjianS, BerkhoutB, AkusjarviG: Suppression of RNA interference by adenovirus virus-associated RNA.J. Virol.79(15) , 9556–9565 (2005).
  • Lu S , CullenBR: Adenovirus VA1 noncoding RNA can inhibit small interfering RNA and microRNA biogenesis.J. Virol.78(23) , 12868–12876 (2004).
  • Xu N , SegermanB, ZhouX, AkusjärviG: Adenovirus virus-associated RNAII-derived small RNAs are efficiently incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex and associate with polyribosomes.J. Virol.81(19) , 10540–10549 (2007).
  • Takeda A , TsukudaM, MizumotoH et al.: A plant RNA virus suppresses RNA silencing through viral RNA replication. EMBO J.24(17) , 3147–3157 (2005).
  • van Wezel R , HongY: Virus survival of RNA silencing without deploying protein-mediated suppression in Nicotiana benthamiana.FEBS Lett.562(1–3) , 65–70 (2004).
  • Tabler M , TsagrisM: Viroids: petite RNA pathogens with distinguished talents.Trends Plant Sci.9(7) , 339–348 (2004).
  • Taliansky M , RobertsIM, KalininaN et al.: An umbraviral protein, involved in long-distance RNA movement, binds viral RNA and forms unique, protective ribonucleoprotein complexes. J. Virol.77(5) , 3031–3040 (2003).
  • Westerhout EM , OomsM, VinkM, Das AT, Berkhout B: HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome. Nucleic Acids Res.33(2) , 796–804 (2005).
  • Wang MB , BianXY, WuLM et al.: On the role of RNA silencing in the pathogenicity and evolution of viroids and viral satellites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA101(9) , 3275–3280 (2004).
  • Itaya A , ZhongX, BundschuhR et al.: A structured viroid RNA serves as a substrate for dicer-like cleavage to produce biologically active small RNAs but is resistant to RNA-induced silencing complex-mediated degradation. J. Virol.81(6) , 2980–2994 (2007).
  • Gómez G , PallásV: Mature monomeric forms of Hop stunt viroid resist RNA silencing in transgenic plants.Plant J.51(6) , 1041–1049 (2007).
  • Haasnoot J , WesterhoutEM, BerkhoutB: RNA interference against viruses: strike and counterstrike.Nat. Biotechnol.25(12) , 1435–1443 (2007).
  • Soldan SS , PlasseyerML, MatukonsiMK, Gonzalez-ScaranoF: La Crosse virus nonstructural protein NSs counteracts the effects of short interfering RNA.J. Virol.79(1) , 234–244 (2005).
  • Lichner Z , SilhavyD, BurgyanJ: Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins could suppress RNA interference-mediated antiviral defences.J. Gen. Virol.84(4) , 975–980 (2003).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.