Homocysteine As A Marker for Predicting Disease Severity in Patients with Covid-19

References

• Lu R , ZhaoX, LiJet al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novelcoronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet395(10224), 565–574 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bikdeli B , MadhavanMV, JimenezDet al. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.75(23), 2950–2973 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connors JM , LevyJH. COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation. Blood135(23), 2033–2040 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang ZL , HouYL, LiDTet al. Laboratory findings of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J. Clin. Lab. Invest.80(6), 441–447 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalida A , JaffarMA, KhanTet al. Hematological and biochemical parameters as diagnostic and prognostic markers in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients of Pakistan: a retrospective comparative analysis. Hematology26(1), 529–542 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aktas G . Hematological predictors of novel Coronavirus infection. Rev. Assoc Med. Bras.67(1),1–2 (2021).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Catal O , OzerB, SitMet al. The role of monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in predicting metastasis in rectal cancer. Ann. Med. Res.28(3), 527–531 (2021).
   Google Scholar
• Kocak MZ , AktasG, TaslamaciogluDuman Tet al. Monocyte lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of diabetic kidney injury in type 2 Diabetes mellitus: the MADKID study. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord.19(2), 997–1002 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basaran E , AktasG, TaslamacıoğluDuman Tet al. Irritable bowel syndrome is associated with novel inflammatory markers derived from hemogram parameters. Fam. Med. Prim. Care Rev.22(2), 107–110 (2020).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koklesova L , MazurakovaA, SamecMet al. Homocysteine metabolism as the target for predictive medical approach, disease prevention, prognosis, and treatments tailored to the person. EPMA J.12, 477–505 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham IM , DalyLE, RefsumHMet al. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease: The European Concerted Action Project. JAMA277(22), 1775–1781 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand P , ProstM, LoreauNet al. Impaired homocysteine metabolism and atherothrombotic disease. Lab. Invest.81, 645–672 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramachandran SV . Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: molecular basis and practical considerations. Circulation113, 2335–2362 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo YH , ChenFY, WangGSet al. Diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates vascular reversere modeling of balloon-injured arteries in rat. Chinese Med. J.121(22), 2265–2271 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakubowski H . Pathophysiological consequences of homocysteine excess. J. Nutr.136(6), 1741–1749 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abike F , EnginAB, DunderIet al. Human papilloma virus persistence and neopterin, folate and homocysteine levels in cervical dysplasias. Arch. Gynecol Obstet.284, 209–214 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roblin X , PofelskiJ, ZarskiJP. Steatosis, chronic hepatitis virus C infection and homocysteine. Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique31(4), 415–420 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bouvet M , DebarnotC, ImbertIet al. In vitro reconstitution of SARS-Coronavirus mRNA cap methylation. PLoS Pathogens6(5), e1000863 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang W , YanY, GuoZet al. All around suboptimal health – a joint position paper of the suboptimal health study Consortium and European Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine. EPMA J.12, 403–433 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aktas G . A comprehensive review on rational and effective treatment strategies against an invisible enemy; SARS Cov-2 infection. Exp. Biomed. Res.3(4), 293–311 (2020).
   Google Scholar
• Wei PF . Diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel Coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 7). Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)133(9), 1087–1095 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dopazo J , MayaMiles D, GarcíaFet al. Implementing personalized medicine in COVID-19 in Andalusia: an opportunity to transform the healthcare system. J. Pers. Med.11(6), 475 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng S , SongF, GuoWet al. Potential genes associated with COVID-19 and comorbidity. Int. J. Med. Sci.19(2), 402–415 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JJ , DongX, LiuG, GaoY. Risk and protective factors for COVID-19 morbidity, severity, and mortality. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immun.62(1), 1–18 (2022).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Azevedo RB , BotelhoBG, HollandaJVGet al. Covid-19 and the cardiovascular system: a comprehensive review. J. Human Hypertension35(1), 4–11 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang N , LiD, WangX, SunZ. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J. Thromb. Haemost.18(4), 844–847 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin L , LuL, CaoW, LiT. Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia. Emerg. Microbes Infect.9(1), 727–32 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu Y , WangX, KongW. Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular injury: advances in mechanisms and drug targets. Br. J. Pharmacol.175, 1173–1189 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H , NiT, ZhangJet al. Knockdown of Herp alleviates hyperhomocysteinemia mediated atherosclerosis through the inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching. Int. J. Cardiol.269, 242–249 (2018).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y , SuX, QinQet al. Metformin inhibited homocysteine-induced upregulation of endothelin receptors through the SIRT1/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Vascul. Pharmacol.124, 106613 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres Crigna A , LinkB, SamecMet al. Endothelin-1 axes in the framework of predictive, preventive and personalised (3P) medicine. EPMA J.12(3), 265–305 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z , ShiJ, HeZ, YingLet al. Predictors for imaging progression on chest CT from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Aging12(7), 6037–6048 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guan WJ , NiZY, HuYet al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med.382, 1708–1720 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang X , YuY, XuJet al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir. Med.8(5), 475–481 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen N , ZhouM, DongXet al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet395(10223), 507–513 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui P , CookDJ, LimWet al. The frequency and clinical significance of thrombocytopenia complicating critical illness: a systematic review. Chest139(2), 271–278 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakai A , GleesonA, WinterD. Role of fibrin D-dimer testing in emergency medicine. Emerg. Med. J.20, 319–325 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayakawa M , MaekawaK, KushimotoSet al. High D-dimer levels predict a poor outcome in patients with severe trauma, even with high fibrinogen levels on arrival: a multicenter retrospective study. Shock45(3), 308–314 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutte T , ThijsA, SmuldersYM. Never ignore extremely elevated D-dimer levels: they are specific for serious illness. Neth. J. Med.74(10), 443–448 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar