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Clinical Lipidology Volume 4, 2009 - Issue 6
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Dual roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids in retinal physiology and pathophysiology associated with retinal degeneration

Masaki TanitoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Enya 89–81, Izumo, 693–8501, Japan, Tel.: +81 853 202 284, Fax.:+81 853 202 278, E-mail: [email protected]
&
Robert AndersonUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, USA;Dean A McGee Eye Institute, OK, USA
Pages 821-827 | Published online: 18 Jan 2017

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  • Anderson RE, Maude MB, McClellan M, Matthes MT, Yasumura D, LaVail MM: Low docosahexaenoic acid levels in rod outer segments of rats with P23H and S334ter rhodopsin mutations. Mol. Vis. 8, 351–358 (2002).
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  • Provides a good explanation of reduced G-protein-coupled receptor signal transduction observed in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-deficient cellular membranes of the nervous system and retina.
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  • Provides evidence for the causative relationship between age-related maculopathy and lifelong sunlight exposure.
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  • Provides data to support a positive correlation between the level of DHA in retinal outer segment membrane and the vulnerability of the retina to photooxidative stress in vivo.
  • Tanito M, Elliott MH, Kotake Y, Anderson RE: Protein modifications by 4‑hydroxynonenal and 4‑hydroxyhexenal in light‑exposed rat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46, 3859–3868 (2005).
  • Provides data to strongly support the hypothesis that oxidative injury contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and suggest that oxidative protein modifications may have a critical role in drusen formation.
  • Provides data to suggest post-translational modifications of proteins by aldehydes are an early event that precedes apoptosis and subsequent photoreceptor cell loss.
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  • Tanito M, Haniu H, Elliott MH, Singh AK, Matsumoto H, Anderson RE: Identification of 4‑hydroxynonenal‑modified retinal proteins induced by photooxidative stress prior to retinal degeneration. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 41, 1847–1859 (2006).
  • Umeda S, Suzuki MT, Okamoto H et al.: Molecular composition of drusen and possible involvement of anti‑retinal autoimmunity in two different forms of macular degeneration in cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). FASEB J. 19, 1683–1685 (2005).
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  • Tanito M, Agbaga MP, Anderson RE: Upregulation of thioredoxin system via Nrf2‑antioxidant responsive element pathway in adaptive‑retinal neuroprotection in vivo and in vitro. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 42, 1838–1850 (2007).
  • Ishii T, Itoh K, Ruiz E et al.: Role of Nrf2 in the regulation of CD36 and stress protein expression in murine macrophages: activation by oxidatively modified LDL and 4‑hydroxynonenal. Circ. Res. 94, 609–616 (2004).
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  • Tanito M, Masutani H, Kim YC, Nishikawa M, Ohira A, Yodoi J: Sulforaphane induces thioredoxin through the antioxidant‑responsive element and attenuates retinal light damage in mice. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46, 979–987 (2005).
  • Hollyfield JG, Bonilha VL, Rayborn ME et al.: Oxidative damage‑induced inflammation initiates age‑related macular degeneration. Nat. Med. 14, 194–198 (2008).
  • Rotstein NP, Politi LE, German OL, Girotti R: Protective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on oxidative stressinduced apoptosis of retina photoreceptors. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 44, 2252–2259 (2003).
  • Mukherjee PK, Marcheselli VL, Serhan CN, Bazan NG: Neuroprotectin D1: a docosahexaenoic acid‑derived docosatriene protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 8491–8496 (2004).
  • Provides a good explanation for how DHA, a target of lipid peroxidation in oxidative stress can be neuroprotective in the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium.
  • Cho E, Hung S, Willett WC et al.: Prospective study of dietary fat and the risk of age‑related macular degeneration. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73, 209–218 (2001).
  • Seddon JM, Cote J, Rosner B: Progression of age‑related macular degeneration: association with dietary fat, transunsaturated fat, nuts, and fish intake. Arch. Ophthalmol. 121, 1728–1737 (2003).
  • SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY, Agron E et al.: The relationship of dietary omega‑3 long‑chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake with incident age‑related macular degeneration: AREDS report no. 23. Arch. Ophthalmol. 126, 1274–1279 (2008).
  • Provides data to suggest that dietary lipid intake is a modifiable factor that may influence the likelihood of developing sight-threatening forms of AMD. Dietary omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intake is associated with a decreased risk of progression from bilateral drusen to some forms of AMD.

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