181
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Report

The potential of serum amyloid A–LDL as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular disease risk

, , &
Pages 489-495 | Published online: 18 Jan 2017

Bibliography

  • Witztum JL, Steinberg D: Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 88(6), 1785–1792 (1991).
  • Holvoet P: Oxidized LDL and coronary heart disease. Acta Cardiol. 59(5), 479–484 (2004).
  • Chen HW, Kuo CL, Huang CS, Kuo SJ, Liu CS: Oxidized low-density lipoproteins, autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins and carotid intima media thickness in a clinically healthy population. Cardiology 110(4), 252–259 (2008).
  • Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL: Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N. Engl. J. Med. 320(14), 915–924 (1989).
  • Witztum JL, Steinberg D: The oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis: does it hold for humans? Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 11(3–4), 93–102 (2001).
  • Steinberg D: The LDL modification hypothesis of atherogenesis: an update. J. Lipid Res. 50(Suppl.), S376–S381 (2009).
  • Itabe H, Ueda M: Measurement of plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein and its clinical implications. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 14(1), 1–11(2007).
  • Mashiba S, Ogasawara K, Takeya M et al.: Development of blood examination method of serum amyloid A and LDL complex, and clinical application to prediction of cardiovascular event. Rinsho Byori 52(1), 67–74 (2004).
  • Malle E, de Beer FC: Human serum amyloid A (SAA) protein: a prominent acute-phase reactant for clinical practice. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 26(6), 427–435 (1996).
  • Yamada T: Serum amyloid A (SAA): a concise review of biology, assay methods and clinical usefulness. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 37(4), 381–388 (1999).
  • Benditt EP, Eriksen N: Amyloid protein SAA is associated with high density lipoprotein from human serum. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 74(9), 4025–4028 (1977).
  • Benditt EP, Eriksen N, Hanson RH: Amyloid protein SAA is an apoprotein of mouse plasma high density lipoprotein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 76(8), 4092–4096 (1979).
  • van der Westhuyzen DR, de Beer FC, Webb NR: HDL cholesterol transport during inflammation. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 18(2), 147–151 (2007).
  • van Lenten BJ, Hama SY, de Beer FC et al.: Anti-inflammatory HDL becomes proinflammatory during the acute phase response. Loss of protective effect of HDL against LDL oxidation in aortic wall cell cocultures. J. Clin. Invest. 96(6), 2758–2767 (1995).
  • Ogasawara K, Mashiba S, Wada Y et al.: A serum amyloid A and LDL complex as a new prognostic marker in stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 174(2), 349–356 (2004). Demonstrates serum amyloid A (SAA)–LDL to be a predictor of cardiac events in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
  • Kotani K, Satoh N, Kato Y et al.; Japan Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study Group: A novel oxidized low-density lipoprotein marker, serum amyloid A–LDL, is associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Atherosclerosis 204(2), 526–531 (2009). Demonstrates the clinical significance of SAA–LDL in patients with the metabolic syndrome.
  • Sigurdardottir V, Fagerberg B, Hulthe J: Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and LDL size in clinically healthy 58-year-old men (AIR study). J. Intern. Med. 252(5), 440–447 (2002).
  • Holvoet P, Lee DH, Steffes M, Gross M, Jacobs DR Jr: Association between circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and incidence of the metabolic syndrome. JAMA 299(19), 2287–2293 (2008).
  • Holvoet P, De Keyzer D, Jacobs DR: Oxidized LDL and the metabolic syndrome. Future Lipidol. 3(6), 637–649 (2008).
  • Examination Committee of Criteria for ‘Obesity Disease’ in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity: New criteria for ‘obesity disease’ in Japan. Circ. J. 66(11), 987–992 (2002).
  • Nakamura T, Tsubono Y, Kameda-Takemura K et al.; Group of the Research for the Association between Host Origin and Atherosclerotic Diseases under the Preventive Measure for Work-related Diseases of the Japanese Labor Ministry: Magnitude of sustained multiple risk factors for ischemic heart disease in Japanese employees: a case–control study. Jpn Circ. J. 65(1), 11–17 (2001).
  • Ridker PM, Glynn RJ, Hennekens CH: C-reactive protein adds to the predictive value of total and HDL cholesterol in determining risk of first myocardial infarction. Circulation 97(20), 2007–2011 (1998).
  • Koenig W, Sund M, Fröhlich M et al.: C-reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg cohort study, 1984 to 1992. Circulation 99(2), 237–242 (1999).
  • Meisinger C, Baumert J, Khuseyinova N, Loewel H, Koenig W: Plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein, a strong predictor for acute coronary heart disease events in apparently healthy, middle-aged men from the general population. Circulation 112(5), 651–657 (2005).
  • Kawano J, Arora R: The role of adiponectin in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. J. Cardiometab. Syndr. 4(1), 44–49 (2009).
  • Sweeney G: Cardiovascular effects of leptin. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 7(1), 22–29 (2010).
  • Kotani K, Koibuchi H, Yamada T, Taniguchi N: The effects of lifestyle modification on a new oxidized low-density lipoprotein marker, serum amyloid A–LDL, in subjects with primary lipid disorder. Clin. Chim. Acta 409(1–2), 67–69 (2009). Demonstrates the clinical significance of SAA–LDL in patients with lipid disorders.
  • Yamamoto R, Kawamura T, Wakai K et al.: Favorable life-style modification and attenuation of cardiovascular risk factors. Jpn Circ. J. 63(3), 184–188 (1999).
  • Kotani K, Mu H, Kamezaki S, Kato T, Kurozawa Y: Clinical importance of the evaluation of blood non-HDL cholesterol levels in a hypercholesterolemia education class. Intern. Med. 45(10), 697–698 (2006).
  • Grundy SM: Drug therapy of the metabolic syndrome: minimizing the emerging crisis in polypharmacy. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 5(4), 295–309 (2006).
  • Rau O, Zettl H, Popescu L, Steinhilber D, Schubert-Zsilavecz M: The treatment of dyslipidemia – what’s left in the pipeline? Chem. Med. Chem. 3(2), 206–221 (2008).
  • Knopp RH, Paramsothy P, Atkinson B, Dowdy A: Comprehensive lipid management versus aggressive low-density lipoprotein lowering to reduce cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Cardiol. 101(8A), B48–B57 (2008).
  • Bianchi C, Penno G, Romero F, Del Prato S, Miccoli R: Treating the metabolic syndrome. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 5(3), 491–506 (2007).
  • Magkos F, Yannakoulia M, Chan JL, Mantzoros CS: Management of the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes through lifestyle modification. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 29, 223–256 (2009).
  • [Japan Atherosclerosis Society guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.] Japan Atherosclerosis Society, Japan, 24–26 (2002).
  • Harris WS, Miller M, Tighe AP, Davidson MH, Schaefer EJ: Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 197(1), 12–24 (2008).
  • Satoh N, Shimatsu A, Kotani K et al.: Purified eicosapentaenoic acid reduces small dense LDL, remnant lipoprotein particles, and CRP in metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 30(1), 144–146 (2007).
  • Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M et al.; Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) Investigators: Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 369(9567), 1090–1098 (2007).
  • Satoh N, Shimatsu A, Kotani K et al.: Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cardio–ankle vascular index in association with decreased serum amyloid A–LDL in metabolic syndrome. Hypertens. Res. 32(11), 1004–1008 (2009). Demonstrates the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on SAA–LDL in association with an arterial stiffness index.
  • Shirai K, Utino J, Otsuka K, Takata M: A novel blood pressure-independent arterial wall stiffness parameter; cardio–ankle vascular index (CAVI). J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 13(2), 101–107 (2006).
  • Satoh N, Shimatsu A, Kato Y et al.: Evaluation of cardio–ankle vascular index, a new indicator of arterial stiffness independent of blood pressure, in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hypertens. Res. 31(10), 1921–1930 (2008).
  • Elkeles RS, Diamond JR, Poulter C et al.: Cardiovascular outcomes in Type 2 diabetes. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of bezafibrate: the St. Mary’s, Ealing, Northwick Park Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (SENDCAP) Study. Diabetes Care 21(4), 641–648 (1998).
  • Milionis HJ, Elisaf MS, Mikhailidis DP: Treatment of dyslipidaemias in patients with established vascular disease: a revival of the fibrates. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 16(1), 21–32 (2000).
  • Remick J, Weintraub H, Setton R, Offenbacher J, Fisher E, Schwartzbard A: Fibrate therapy: an update. Cardiol. Rev. 16(3), 129–141 (2008).
  • Yamazaki K, Kuromitsu J, Tanaka I: Microarray analysis of gene expression changes in mouse liver induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a agonists. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290(3), 1114–1122 (2002).
  • Hoffman R, Brook GJ, Aviram M: Hypolipidemic drugs reduce lipoprotein susceptibility to undergo lipid peroxidation: in vitro and ex vivo studies. Atherosclerosis 93(1–2), 105–113 (1992).
  • Zambrana JL, López-Miranda J, Blanco A et al.: Bezafibrate and lovastatin decrease the oxidizability of low-density lipoproteins in heart transplant recipients with hyperlidemia. J. Heart Lung Transplant. 17(12), 1213–1219 (1998).
  • de Man FH, Jonkers IJ, Schwedhelm E et al.: Normal oxidative stress and enhanced lipoprotein resistance to in vitro oxidation in hypertriglyceridemia: effects of bezafibrate therapy. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 20(11), 2434–2440 (2000).
  • Kotani K, Satoh N, Yamada T: Bezafibrate and serum amyloid A–lowdensity lipoprotein complex in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 21(2), E10 (2010).
  • Wiklund O, Mattsson-Hultén L, Hurt-Camejo E, Oscarsson J: Effects of simvastatin and atorvastatin on inflammation markers in plasma. J. Intern. Med. 251(4), 338–347 (2002).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.