Bibliography
- Reynolds CA, Gatz M, Prince JA et al.: Serum lipid levels and cognitive change in late life. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 58, 501–509 (2010).
- Wolozin B, Kellman W, Ruosseau P et al.: Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Arch. Neurol. 57, 1439–1443 (2000).
- Wolozin B, Wang SW, Li NC et al.: Simvastatin is associated with a reduced indicidence of dementia and Parkinson’s disease. BMC Med. 19, 20–48 (2007).
- McGuinness B, Craig D, Bullock R et al.: Statins for the prevention of dementia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD003160 (2009).
- Feldman HH, Doody RS, Kivipelto M et al.: Randomized contolled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: LEADe. Neurology 74, 956–964 (2010).
- Anstey KJ, Lipnicki DM, Low LF: Cholesterol as a risk factor for dementia and cogntive decline: a systematic review of prospective studies with meta-analysis. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 16, 343–354 (2008).
- Lichtenstein P, de Faire U, Floderus B et al.: The Swedish Twin Registry: a unique resource for clinical, epidemiological and genetic studies. J. Intern. Med. 252, 184–205 (2002).
- Kimura D: Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern. Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 23, 67–77 (2002).
- Manson JE: Prenatal exposure to sex, steroid hormones and behavioral/cognitive outcomes. Metab. Clin. Exp. 57, 516–518 (2008).
- Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG et al.: Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin. Chem. 20, 470–475 (1974).
- Nauck M, März M, Jarausch J et al.: Multicenter evaluation of a homogenous assay for HDL-cholesterol without sample pretreatment. Clin. Chem. 43, 1622–1629 (1997).
- Riepponen P, Marniemi J, Rautaoja T: Immunoturbidimetric determination of apolipoprotein A-I and B in serum. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 47, 739–744 (1987).
- Jungner I, Marcovina SM, Walldius G et al.: Apolipoprotein B and A-I values in 147576 Swedish males and females, standardized according to the World Health Organization – International Federation of Clinical Chemistry First International Reference Materials. Clin. Chem. 44, 1641–1649 (1998).
- Marcovina SM, Albers JJ, Dati F et al.: International federation of clinical chemistry standardization project for measurements of apolipoproteins A-I and B. Clin. Chem. 37, 1676–1682 (1991).
- Voyer D, Postma A, Brake B et al.: Gender differences in object location memory: a meta-analysis. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 14, 23–38 (2007).
- Zimmermann A, Grigorescu-Sido P, AlKhzouz C et al.: Alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Horm. Res. Pediatr. 74(1), 41–49 (2010) .
- Mahley RW, Weisgraber KH, Huang H: Apolipoprotein E4: a causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, including Alzheimer’s disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 5644–5651 (2006).
- Corder EH, Saunders AM, Risch NJ et al.: Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 for late onset Alzheimer disease. Nat. Genet. 7, 180–184 (1994).
- Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ et al.: Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science 261, 921–923 (1993). Classic paper describing the protective effect of ApoE2 on Alzheimer’s disease.
- Reynolds CA, Prince JA, Feuk L et al.: Longitudinal memory performance during normal aging: twin association models of APOE and other Alzheimer candidate genes. Behav. Genet. 36, 185–194 (2006). Classic paper describing the detrimental effect of ApoE4 on Alzheimer’s disease.
- Boyle PA, Buchman AS, Wilson RS et al.: The APOE e4 allele is associated with incident mild cognitive impairment among community-dwelling older persons. Neuroepidemiology 34, 43–49 (2010).
- Eriksson UK, Bennet AM, Gatz M et al.: Nonstroke cardiovascular disease and risk of Alzheimer Disease and dementia. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. DOI: 10.1097/ WAD.0b013e3181d1b99b (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
- Dahl A, Hassing LB, Fransson E et al.: Being overweight in midlife is associated with lower cognitive ability and steeper cognitive decline in late life. J. Gerontol. 65(A), 57–62 (2009).
- Carroll MD, Lacher DA, Sorlie PD et al.: Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960–2002. JAMA 294(14), 1773–1781 (2005).
- Kolovou GD, Bilianou HG: Influence of aging and menopause on lipids and lipoproteins in women. Angiology 59, 54S–57S (2008).
- Beekman M, Heijmans BT, Martin NG et al.: Heritabilities of apolipoprotein and lipid levels in three countries. Twin Res. 5, 87–97 (2010).
- Heller DA, Pedersen NL, de Faire U et al.: Genetic and environmental correlations among serum lipids and apolipoproteins in elderly twins reared together and apart. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55, 1255–1267 (1994).
- Iliadou A, Lichtenstein P, de Faire U et al.: Variation in genetic and environmental influences in serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels across the lifespan in Swedish male and female twins. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 102, 48–58 (2001).
- Gordon T, Kannel WB, Castelli WP et al.: Lipoproteins, cardiovascular disease and death. Arch. Intern. Med. 141, 1128–1131 (1981).
- Elosua R, Ordovas JM, Cupples LA et al.: Association of APOE genotype with carotid atherosclerosis in men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. J. Lipid Res. 45, 1868–1875 (2004).
- Wilson PW, Myers RH, Larson MG et al.: Apolipoprotein E alleles, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Offspring Study. JAMA 272, 1666–1671 (1994).
- Srinivasan SR, Ehnholm C, Eklasabany A et al.: Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipid and lipoprotein changes from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 143, 435–443 (1999).
- Mahley RW: Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology. Science 240, 622–630 (1998).
- Huang Y, Liu XQ, Rall SC et al.: Apolipoprotein E2 reduces the low density lipoprotein level in transgenic mice by impairing lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 17483–17490 (1998).
- Lahoz C, Schaefer EJ, Cupples A et al.: Apolipoprotein E genotype and cardiovascular disease in the Framhingham Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 154, 529–537 (2001).
- Talmud PJ, Stephens JW, Hawe E et al.: The significant increase in cardiovascular disease risk in APOEe4 carriers is evident only in men who smoke: potential relationship between reduced antioxidant status and ApoE4. Ann. Hum. Genet. 69, 613–622 (2005).
- Corella D, Tucker K, Lahoz C et al.: Alcohol drinking determines the effect of the APOE locus on LDL-cholesterol concentrations in men: the Framingham Offspring Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73, 736–745 (2001).
- Schaefer EJ, Lamon-Fava S, Johnson S et al.: Effects of gender and menopausal status on the association of apolipoprotein E phenotype with plasma lipoprotein levels. Results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 14, 1105–1113 (1994).
- Gatz M, Reynolds CA, Fratiglioni L et al.: Role of genes and environments for explaining Alzheimer disease. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 63, 168–174 (2006).
- Lamarche B, Lemieux I, Després JP: The small dense LDL phenotype and the risk of coronary heart disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and therpaeutic aspects. Diabetes Metab. 25, 199–211 (1999).
- Alwali K, Awan Z, Alshahrani A et al.: High-density lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease: 2010 update. Expert Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 8, 413–423 (2010).
- Craig-Schapiro R, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM: Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 35, 128–140 (2009). Reviews the key changes in cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‑b and ‑tau levels during the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.