Abnormal Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain By Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in COVID-19 Patients

References

• Guan WJ , NiZY, HuYet al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N. Engl. J. Med., 382(18), 1708–1720 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbarshakh A , MarbanE. COVID-19 and the heart. Circ. Res., 126(10), 1443–1455 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick J , MitchellC, TaubC, KortS, HungJ, SwaminathanM. ASE statement on protection of patients and echocardiography service providers during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. (2020). https://www.asecho.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVIDStatementFINAL4-1-2020_v2_website.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier P , PhelanD, KleinA. A test in context: myocardial strain measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 69(8), 1043–1056 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y , LiH, ZhuSet al. Prognostic value of right ventricular longitudinal strain in patients with COVID-19. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.04.014 (2020) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Atri D , SiddiqiHK, LangJ, NauffalV, MorrowDA, BohulaEA. COVID-19 for the cardiologist: a current review of the virology, clinical epidemiology, cardiac and other clinical manifestations and potential therapeutic strategies. JACC Basic Transl. Sci., 5(5), 518–536 (2020).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yingchoncharoen T , AgarwalS, PopovicZ, MarwickT. Normal ranges of left ventricular strain: a meta-analysis. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr., 26(2), 185–191 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janus SE , HajjariJ, KarnibM, TashtishN, Al-KindSG, HoitBD. Prognostic value of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in COVID-19. Am. J. Cardiol. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.053 (2020) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• The European Society for Cardiology . ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.escardio.org/Education/COVID-19-and-Cardiology/ESCCOVID-19-Guidance
   Google Scholar
• Zhou F , YUT, DuRet al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet, 395, 1054–1062 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen C , ZhouY, WangDW. SARS-CoV-2: a potential novel etiology of fulminant myocarditis. Herz, 45(3), 230–232 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inciardi RM , LupiL, ZacconeGet al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096 (2020) ( Epub ahead of print).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madjid M , Safavi-NaeiniP, SolomonSD, VardenyO. Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review. JAMA Cardiol. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286 (2020) ( Epub ahead of print).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C , WangY, LiXet al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta P , McAuleyDF, BrownM, SanchezE, TattersallRS, MansonJJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet, 395, 1033–1034 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szekely Y , LichterY, TaiebPet al. Spectrum of cardiac manifestations in COVID-19: a systematic echocardiographic study. Circulation, 142, 342–353 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biering-Sorensen T , Biering-SorensenSR, OlsenFJet al. Global longitudinal strain by echocardiography predicts long-term risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a low risk general population: the Copenhagen City Heart study. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging, 10(3), e005521 (2017).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton T , LeanoR, MarwickTH. Prediction of all-cause mortality from global longitudinal speckle strain: comparison with ejection fraction and wall motion scoring. Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging, 2(5), 356–364 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard MH , WeinerRB. Echocardiography in the time of COVID-19. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr., 33(6), 674–675 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krishnamoorthy P , CroftLB, RoRet al. Biventricular strain by speckle tracking echocardiography in COVID-19: findings and possible prognostic implications. Future Cardiol. doi:10.2217/fca-2020-0100 (2020) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar N , McInnesIB, McMurrayJJV. Obesity a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple potential mechanisms. Circulation doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.047659 (2020) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar