Emerging Role of contrast-enhanced Mri in Diagnosing Vascular Malformations

References

• Mulliken JB , GlowackiJ . Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics . Plast. Reconstr. Surg.69 ( 3 ), 412 – 422 ( 1982 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulliken JB , ZetterBR, FolkmanJ . In vitro characteristics of endothelium from hemangiomas and vascular malformations . Surgery92 ( 2 ), 348 – 353 ( 1982 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konez O , BurrowsPE . An appropriate diagnostic workup for suspected vascular birthmarks . Cleve. Clin. J. Med.71 ( 6 ), 505 – 510 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochman M , AdamsDM, ReevesTD . Current knowledge and management of vascular anomalies: I. Hemangiomas . Arch. Facial Plast. Surg.13 ( 3 ), 145 – 151 ( 2011 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Legiehn GM , HeranMK . A step-by-step practical approach to imaging diagnosis and interventional radiologic therapy in vascular malformations . Semin. Intervent. Radiol.27 ( 2 ), 209 – 231 ( 2010 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lidsky ME , MarkovicJN, MillerMJJr, ShortellCK . Analysis of the treatment of congenital vascular malformations using a multidisciplinary approach . J. Vasc. Surg.56 ( 5 ), 1355 – 1362 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman SJ , MullikenJB . Hemangiomas and vascular malformations of infancy and childhood . Pediatr. Clin. North Am.40 ( 6 ), 1177 – 1200 ( 1993 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North PE , MihmMCJr. Histopathological diagnosis of infantile hemangiomas and vascular malformations . Facial Plast. Surg. Clin. North Am.9 ( 4 ), 505 – 524 ( 2001 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Enjolras O . Classification and management of the various superficial vascular anomalies: hemangiomas and vascular malformations . J. Dermatol.24 ( 11 ), 701 – 710 ( 1997 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belov S . Classification of congenital vascular defects . Int. Angiol.9 ( 3 ), 141 – 146 ( 1990 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee BB . Critical issues in management of congenital vascular malformation . Ann. Vasc. Surg.18 ( 3 ), 380 – 392 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee BB , BerganJ, GloviczkiPet al. . Diagnosis and treatment of venous malformations. Consensus document of the International Union of Phlebology (IUP)-2009 . Int. Angiol.28 ( 6 ), 434 – 451 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee BB , BaumgartnerI, BerlienHPet al. . Consensus document of the International Union of Angiology (IUA)-2013. Current concept on the management of arterio-venous management . Int. Angiol.32 ( 1 ), 9 – 36 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang MW . Updated classification of hemangiomas and other vascular anomalies . Lymphat. Res. Biol.1 ( 4 ), 259 – 265 ( 2003 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marler JJ , MullikenJB . Current management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations . Clin. Plast. Surg.32 ( 1 ), 99 – 116 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hein KD , MullikenJB, KozakewichHP, UptonJ, BurrowsPE . Venous malformations of skeletal muscle . Plast. Reconstr. Surg.110 ( 7 ), 1625 – 1635 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savader SJ , SavaderBL, OteroRR . Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations mimicking malignant disease . Acta. Radiol.29 ( 1 ), 109 – 114 ( 1988 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lidsky ME , SpritzerCE, ShortellCK . The role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and management of patients with vascular malformations . J. Vasc. Surg.56 ( 3 ), 757 – 764 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yakes WF . Endovascular management of high-flow arteriovenous malformations . Semin. Intervent. Radiol.21 ( 1 ), 49 – 58 ( 2004 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mazoyer E , EnjolrasO, LaurianC, HoudartE, DrouetL . Coagulation abnormalities associated with extensive venous malformations of the limbs: differentiation from Kasabach–Merritt syndrome . Clin. Lab. Haematol.24 ( 4 ), 243 – 251 ( 2002 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nasser TK , MohlerER3rd, WilenskyRL, HathawayDR . Peripheral vascular complications following coronary interventional procedures . Clin. Cardiol.18 ( 11 ), 609 – 614 ( 1995 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumsden A , PedenE, BushRL, LinPH . Complications of endovascular procedures . In:Vascular Surgery.RutherfordRB (Ed.) . Elsevier Saunders, PA, USA, 809 – 820 ( 2005 ).
   Google Scholar
• Michaely HJ , DietrichO, NaelK, WeckbachS, ReiserMF, SchoenbergSO . MRA of abdominal vessels: technical advances . Eur. Radiol.16 ( 8 ), 1637 – 1650 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince MR . Contrast-enhanced MR angiography: theory and optimization . Magn. Reson. Imaging Clin. N. Am.6 ( 2 ), 257 – 267 ( 1998 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dubois J , AlisonM . Vascular anomalies: what a radiologist needs to know . Pediatr. Radiol.40 ( 6 ), 895 – 905 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovius SE , BorgDH, PaansPR, PietermanH . The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in combination with angiography in patients with vascular malformations: a prospective study . Ann. Plast. Surg.37 ( 3 ), 278 – 285 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayad LM , HazirolanT, BluemkeD, MitchellS . Vascular malformations in the extremities: emphasis on MR imaging features that guide treatment options . Skeletal Radiol.35 ( 3 ), 127 – 137 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer JS , HofferFA, BarnesPD, MullikenJB . Biological classification of soft-tissue vascular anomalies: MR correlation . AJR Am. J. Roentgenol.157 ( 3 ), 559 – 564 ( 1991 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laor T , BurrowsPE, HofferFA . Magnetic resonance venography of congenital vascular malformations of the extremities . Pediatr. Radiol.26 ( 6 ), 371 – 380 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar