References
- Pellicciari R , CostantinoG, FiorucciS. Farnesoid X receptor: from structure to potential clinical applications. J. Med. Chem.48(17), 5383–5403 (2005).
- Wang YD , ChenWD, MooreDD, HuangW. FXR: a metabolic regulator and cell protector. Cell Res.18(11), 1087–1095 (2008).
- Zhang Y , Kast-WoelbernHR, EdwardsPA. Natural structural variants of the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor affect transcriptional activation. J. Biol. Chem.278(1), 104–110 (2003).
- Mangelsdorf DJ , BorgmeyerU, HeymanRAet al. Characterization of three RXR genes that mediate the action of 9-cis retinoic acid. Genes Dev.6(3), 329–344 (1992).
- Germain P , ChambonP, EicheleGet al. International Union of Pharmacology. LXIII Retinoid X receptors. Pharmacol. Rev.58(4), 760–772 (2006).
- Szanto A , NarkarV, ShenQet al. Retinoid X receptors: X-ploring their (patho) physiological functions. Cell Death Differ.2, S126–S143 (2004).
- Leenhardt L , GrosclaudeP, Cherie-ChallineL. Increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma in France: a true epidemic or thyroid nodule management effects? report from the french thyroid cancer committee. Thyroid14(12), 1056–1060 (2004).
- Ward EM , JemalA, ChenA. Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: is diagnostic scrutiny the sole explanation?Future Oncol.6(2), 185–188 (2010).
- Hundahl SA , FlemingID, FremgenAMet al. A national cancer data base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U.S., 1985–1995. Cancer83(12), 2638–2648 (1998).
- Gharib H , PapiniE. Thyroid nodules: clinical importance, assessment, and treatment. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am.36(3), 707–735 (2007).
- Schlumberger M , LacroixL, RussoD, FilettiS, BidartJM. Defects in iodide metabolism in thyroid cancer and implications for the follow-up and treatment of patients. Nat. Clin. Pract. Endocrinol. Metab.3(3), 260–269 (2007).
- Yuan ZQ , LiKW. Role of farnesoid X receptor in cholestasis. J. Dig. Dis.17(8), 501–509 (2016).
- Halilbasic E , FuchsC, TraussniggS, TraunerM. Farnesoid. X receptor agonists and other bile acid signaling strategies for treatment of liver disease. Dig. Dis.34(5), 580–588 (2016).
- Ding L , YangL, WangZ, HuangW. Bile acid nuclear receptor FXR and digestive system diseases. Acta Pharm. Sin. B5(2), 135–144 (2015).
- Gadaleta RM , Van MilSW, OldenburgBet al. Bile acids and their nuclear receptor FXR: Relevance for hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1801(7), 683–692 (2010).
- Moris D , GiaginisC, TsourouflisG, TheocharisS. Farnesoid-X Receptor (FXR) as a promising pharmaceutical target in atherosclerosis. Curr. Med. Chem. doi:10.2174/0929867324666170124151940 (2017) ( Epub ahead of print).
- Koutsounas I , GiaginisC, TheocharisS. Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) from normal to malignant state. Histol. Histopathol.27(7), 835–853 (2012).
- De Gottardi A , TouriF, MaurerCAet al. The bile acid nuclear receptor FXR and the bile acid binding protein IBABP are differently expressed in colon cancer. Dig. Dis. Sci.49(6), 982–989 (2004).
- Swales KE , KorbonitsM, CarpenterRet al. The farnesoid X receptor is expressed in breast cancer and regulates apoptosis and aromatase expression. Cancer Res.66(20), 10120–10126 (2006).
- Journe F , DurbecqV, ChaboteauxCet al. Association between farnesoid X receptor expression and cell proliferation in estrogen receptor-positive luminal-like breast cancer from postmenopausal patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat.115(3), 523–535 (2009).
- Lee JY , LeeKT, LeeJKet al. Farnesoid X receptor, overexpressed in pancreatic cancer with lymph node metastasis promotes cell migration and invasion. Br. J. Cancer104(6), 1027–1037 (2011).
- Van de Winkel A , Van ZoestKP, Van DekkenHet al. Differential expression of the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) for grading dysplasia in patients with Barrett's oesophagus. Histopathology58(2), 246–253 (2011).
- Su H , MaC, LiuJet al. Downregulation of nuclear receptor FXR is associated with multiple malignant clinicopathological characteristics in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.303(11), G1245–G1253 (2012).
- Lax S , SchauerG, PreinKet al. Expression of the nuclear bile acid receptor/farnesoid X receptor is reduced in human colon carcinoma compared with nonneoplastic mucosa independent from site and may be associated with adverse prognosis. Int. J. Cancer130(10), 2232–2239 (2012).
- Torres J , BaoX, IugaACet al. Farnesoid X receptor expression is decreased in colonic mucosa of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and colitis-associated neoplasia. Inflamm. Bowel Dis.19(2), 275–282 (2013).
- Guan B , LiH, YangZ, HoqueA, XuX. Inhibition of farnesoid X receptor controls esophageal cancer cell growth in vitro and in nude mouse xenografts. Cancer119(7), 1321–1329 (2013).
- Rosai J . Appendix C. Staging of cancer. In: Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology (9th Edition). HoustonM ( Ed.). Mosby, London, 2809–2810 (2004).
- Tuttle RM , TalaH, ShahJet al. Estimating risk of recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine remnant ablation: using response to therapy variables to modify the initial risk estimates predicted by the new American Thyroid Association staging system. Thyroid20(12), 1341–1349 (2010).
- Giaginis C , KoutsounasI, AlexandrouPet al. Elevated Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs) expression is associated with less tumor aggressiveness and favourable prognosis in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Neoplasma62(2), 332–341 (2015).
- Giaginis C , KatsamangouE, TsourouflisGet al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor-alpha expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: association with clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity, and patients’ survival. Med. Sci. Monit.15(5), BR148–BR156 (2009).
- Theocharis S , KlijanienkoJ, GiaginisCet al. Metallothionein expression in mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Histopathology59(3), 514–525 (2011).
- Merk D , SteinhilberD, Schubert-ZsilaveczM. Medicinal chemistry of farnesoid X receptor ligands: from agonists and antagonists to modulators. Future Med. Chem.4(8), 1015–1036 (2012).
- Fiorucci S , MencarelliA, DistruttiE, ZampellaA. Farnesoid X receptor: from medicinal chemistry to clinical applications. Future Med. Chem.4(7), 877–891 (2012).
- Maran RR , ThomasA, RothMet al. Farnesoid X receptor deficiency in mice leads to increased intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and tumor development. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.328(2), 469–477 (2009).
- Modica S , MurzilliS, SalvatoreL, SchmidtDR, MoschettaA. Nuclear bile acid receptor FXR protects against intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res.68(23), 9589–9594 (2008).
- Peng Z , RaufmanJP, XieG. Src-mediated cross-talk between farnesoid X and epidermal growth factor receptors inhibits human intestinal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. PLoS ONE7(10), e48461 (2012).
- Xu Y , WatanabeT, TanigawaTet al. Bile acids induce cdx2 expression through the farnesoid x receptor in gastric epithelial cells. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.46(1), 81–86 (2010).
- Wang YD , ChenWD, WangMet al. Farnesoid X receptor antagonizes nuclear factor kappaB in hepatic inflammatory response. Hepatology48(5), 1632–1643 (2008).
- De Gottardi A , DumonceauJM, BruttinFet al. Expression of the bile acid receptor FXR in Barrett's esophagus and enhancement of apoptosis by guggulsterone in vitro. Mol. Cancer5, 48 (2006).
- Lowe LC , SenaratneSG, ColstonKW. Induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by apomine is mediated by caspase and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase activation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.329(2), 772–779 (2005).