332
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluation

Mosunetuzumab and the Emerging Role of T-Cell-Engaging Therapy in Follicular Lymphoma

&
Pages 2083-2101 | Received 31 Mar 2023, Accepted 22 Sep 2023, Published online: 26 Oct 2023

References

  • Smith A , CrouchS, LaxSet al. Lymphoma incidence, survival and prevalence 2004–2014: sub-type analyses from the UK’s Haematological Malignancy Research Network. Br. J. Cancer112(9), 1575–1584 (2015).
  • Teras LR , DeSantisCE, CerhanJR, MortonLM, JemalA, FlowersCR. 2016 US lymphoid malignancy statistics by World Health Organization subtypes. CA Cancer J. Clin.66(6), 443–459 (2016).
  • Dinnessen MAW , MaasCCHM, ToninoSHet al. Causes of death of patients with follicular lymphoma in the Netherlands by stage and age groups: a population-based study in the pre- and post-rituximab era. Leukemia36(5), 1416–1420 (2022).
  • Dinnessen MAW , vander Poel MWM, ToninoSHet al. Stage-specific trends in primary therapy and survival in follicular lymphoma: a nationwide population-based analysis in the Netherlands, 1989–2016. Leukemia35(6), 1683–1695 (2021).
  • Sarkozy C , MaurerMJ, LinkBKet al. Cause of death in follicular lymphoma in the first decade of the rituximab era: a pooled analysis of French and US Cohorts. J. Clin. Oncol.37(2), 144–152 (2019).
  • Casulo C , ByrtekM, DawsonKLet al. Early relapse of follicular lymphoma after rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone defines patients at high risk for death: an analysis from the National LymphoCare Study. J. Clin. Oncol.33(23), 2516–2522 (2015).
  • Alonso-Álvarez S , ManniM, MontotoSet al. Primary refractory follicular lymphoma: a poor outcome entity with high risk of transformation to aggressive B cell lymphoma. Eur. J. Cancer157, 132–139 (2021).
  • Link BK , DayB, ZhouXet al. Second-line and subsequent therapy and outcomes for follicular lymphoma in the United States: data from the observational National LymphoCare Study. Br. J. Haematol.184(4), 660–663 (2019).
  • Batlevi CL , ShaF, AlperovichAet al. Follicular lymphoma in the modern era: survival, treatment outcomes, and identification of high-risk subgroups. Blood Cancer J.10(7), 74 (2020).
  • Leonard JP , TrnenyM, IzutsuKet al. AUGMENT: a phase III study of lenalidomide plus rituximab versus placebo plus rituximab in relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.37(14), 1188–1199 (2019).
  • Morschhauser F , TillyH, ChaidosAet al. Tazemetostat for patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol.21(11), 1433–1442 (2020).
  • Gopal AK , KahlBS, de VosSet al. PI3Kδ inhibition by idelalisib in patients with relapsed indolent lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.370(11), 1008–1018 (2014).
  • Fowler NH , DickinsonM, DreylingMet al. Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: the phase 2 ELARA trial. Nat. Med.28(2), 325–332 (2022).
  • Witzig TE , WhiteCA, WisemanGAet al. Phase I/II trial of IDEC-Y2B8 radioimmunotherapy for treatment of relapsed or refractory CD20(+) B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.17(12), 3793–3803 (1999).
  • Jacobson CA , ChavezJC, SehgalARet al. Axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol.23(1), 91–103 (2022).
  • Budde LE , SehnLH, MatasarMet al. Safety and efficacy of mosunetuzumab, a bispecific antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol.23(8), 1055–1065 (2022).
  • Budde LE , AssoulineS, SehnLHet al. Single-Agent Mosunetuzumab Shows Durable Complete Responses in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Lymphomas: Phase I Dose-Escalation Study. J. Clin. Oncol.40(5), 481–491 (2022).
  • European Medicines Agency . Lunsumio (2022). www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/lunsumio
  • Carvalho T . FDA approves Genentech’s bispecific antibody for lymphoma. Nat. Med.29(3), 507–508 (2023).
  • Brice P , BastionY, LepageEet al. Comparison in low-tumor-burden follicular lymphomas between an initial no-treatment policy, prednimustine, or interferon alfa: a randomized study from the Groupe D’Etude des Lymphomes Folliculaires. J. Clin. Oncol.15(3), 1110–1117 (1997).
  • Lo AC , CampbellBA, PicklesTet al. Long-term outcomes for patients with limited-stage follicular lymphoma: update of a population-based study. Blood136(8), 1006–1010 (2020).
  • Guadagnolo BA , LiS, NeubergDet al. Long-term outcome and mortality trends in early-stage, Grade 1–2 follicular lymphoma treated with radiation therapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.64(3), 928–934 (2006).
  • Northend M , WilsonW, Clifton-HadleyLet al. Long term follow-up of international randomised phase 3 study of rituximab versus a watch and wait approach for patients with asymptomatic, low tumour burden follicular lymphoma shows rituximab is highly effective at delaying time to new treatment without detrimental impact following next line of therapy. Blood140(Suppl. 1), 1456–1458 (2022).
  • Marcus R , DaviesA, AndoKet al. Obinutuzumab for the first-line treatment of follicular lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.377(14), 1331–1344 (2017).
  • Flinn IW , vander Jagt R, KahlBet al. First-line treatment of patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma or mantle-cell lymphoma with bendamustine plus rituximab versus R-CHOP or R-CVP: results of the BRIGHT 5-year follow-up study. J. Clin. Oncol.37(12), 984–991 (2019).
  • Bachy E , SeymourJF, FeugierPet al. Sustained progression-free survival benefit of rituximab maintenance in patients with follicular lymphoma: long-term results of the PRIMA study. J. Clin. Oncol.37(31), 2815–2824 (2019).
  • Ramsay AG , ClearAJ, KellyGet al. Follicular lymphoma cells induce T-cell immunologic synapse dysfunction that can be repaired with lenalidomide: implications for the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. Blood114(21), 4713–4720 (2009).
  • Morschhauser F , FowlerNH, FeugierPet al. Rituximab plus lenalidomide in advanced untreated follicular lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.379(10), 934–947 (2018).
  • Robinson KS , WilliamsME, vander Jagt RHet al. Phase II multicenter study of bendamustine plus rituximab in patients with relapsed indolent B-cell and mantle cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.26(27), 4473–4479 (2008).
  • Sehn LH , ChuaN, MayerJet al. Obinutuzumab plus bendamustine versus bendamustine monotherapy in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (GADOLIN): a randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol.17(8), 1081–1093 (2016).
  • Cheson BD , ChuaN, MayerJet al. Overall survival benefit in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma who received obinutuzumab plus bendamustine induction and obinutuzumab maintenance in the GADOLIN study. J. Clin. Oncol.36(22), 2259–2266 (2018).
  • Klyuchnikov E , BacherU, WooAhn Ket al. Long-term survival outcomes of reduced-intensity allogeneic or autologous transplantation in relapsed grade 3 follicular lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant.51(1), 58–66 (2016).
  • Jurinovic V , MetznerB, PfreundschuhMet al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with early progression of follicular lymphoma: a follow-up study of 2 randomized trials from the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.24(6), 1172–1179 (2018).
  • Smith SM , GodfreyJ, AhnKWet al. Autologous transplantation versus allogeneic transplantation in patients with follicular lymphoma experiencing early treatment failure. Cancer124(12), 2541–2551 (2018).
  • Klyuchnikov E , BacherU, KrögerNMet al. Reduced-intensity allografting as first transplantation approach in relapsed/refractory grades one and two follicular lymphoma provides improved outcomes in long-term survivors. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.21(12), 2091–2099 (2015).
  • Dreyling M , GhielminiM, RuleSet al. Newly diagnosed and relapsed follicular lymphoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol.32(3), 298–308 (2021).
  • National Comprehensive Cancer Network . B-cell lymphomas (version 2.2023) (2023). www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/b-cell.pdf
  • Gordon LI , WitzigT, MolinaAet al. Yttrium 90–labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy produces high response rates and durable remissions in patients with previously treated B-cell lymphoma. Clin. Lymphoma5(2), 98–101 (2004).
  • Witzig TE , GordonLI, CabanillasFet al. Randomized controlled trial of yttrium-90-labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy versus rituximab immunotherapy for patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.20(10), 2453–2463 (2002).
  • Morschhauser F , RadfordJ, Van HoofAet al. 90 Yttrium-ibritumomab tiuxetan consolidation of first remission in advanced-stage follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma: updated results after a median follow-up of 7.3 years from the international, randomized, phase III first-line indolent trial. J. Clin. Oncol.31(16), 1977–1983 (2013).
  • Morschhauser F , RadfordJ, Van HoofAet al. Phase III trial of consolidation therapy with yttrium-90–ibritumomab tiuxetan compared with no additional therapy after first remission in advanced follicular lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.26(32), 5156–5164 (2008).
  • Morschhauser F , TillyH, ChaidosAet al. Tazemetostat for patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol.21(11), 1433–1442 (2020).
  • Dreyling M , SantoroA, MollicaLet al. Long-term safety and efficacy of the PI3K inhibitor copanlisib in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma: 2-year follow-up of the CHRONOS-1 study. Am. J. Hematol.95(4), 362–371 (2020).
  • Dreyling M , SantoroA, MollicaLet al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition by copanlisib in relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.35(35), 3898–3905 (2017).
  • Goldsmith SJ . Radioimmunotherapy of lymphoma: Bexxar and Zevalin. Semin. Nucl. Med.40(2), 122–135 (2010).
  • Prasad V . The withdrawal of drugs for commercial reasons. JAMA Intern. Med.174(12), 1887 (2014).
  • Acrotech Biopharma LLC . Zevalin FDA prescribing information. https://zevalin.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/PI-ZEVALIN-092019.pdf
  • European Medicines Agency . Zevalin Product Information. www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/zevalin-epar-product-information_en.pdf
  • Hohloch K , Windemuth-KieselbachC, KolzJet al. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) for follicular lymphoma achieves long term lymphoma control in first line and at relapse: 8-year follow-up data of 281 patients from the International RIT-Registry. Br. J. Haematol.184(6), 949–956 (2019).
  • Reddy N , Hernandez-IlizaliturriFJ, DeebGet al. Immunomodulatory drugs stimulate natural killer-cell function, alter cytokine production by dendritic cells, and inhibit angiogenesis enhancing the anti-tumour activity of rituximab in vivo. Br. J. Haematol.140(1), 36–45 (2008).
  • Leonard JP , TrnenyM, OffnerFet al. Five-year results and overall survival update from the phase 3 randomized study AUGMENT: lenalidomide plus rituximab (R2) vs rituximab plus placebo patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood140(Suppl. 1), 561–563 (2022).
  • Sehn LH , ScholzCW, LuminariSet al. A phase 3 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tafasitamab plus lenalidomide and rituximab versus placebo plus lenalidomide and rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) or marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). J. Clin. Oncol.39(Suppl. 15), TPS7568–TPS7568 (2021).
  • Gopal AK , SchusterSJ, FowlerNHet al. Ibrutinib as treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: results from the open-label, multicenter, phase II DAWN study. J. Clin. Oncol.36(23), 2405–2412 (2018).
  • Bartlett NL , CostelloBA, LaPlantBRet al. Single-agent ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma: a phase 2 consortium trial. Blood131(2), 182–190 (2018).
  • Zinzani PL , MayerJ, AuerRet al. Zanubrutinib plus obinutuzumab (ZO) versus obinutuzumab (O) monotherapy in patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL): primary analysis of the phase 2 randomized ROSEWOOD trial. J. Clin. Oncol.40(Suppl. 16), 7510–7510 (2022).
  • Phillips T , ChanH, TamCSet al. Zanubrutinib monotherapy in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv.6(11), 3472–3479 (2022).
  • Baracho G , MileticA, OmoriS, CatoM, RickertR. Emergence of the PI3-kinase pathway as a central modulator of normal and aberrant B cell differentiation. Curr. Opin. Immunol.23(2), 178–183 (2011).
  • Vivanco I , SawyersCL. The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase–AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer2(7), 489–501 (2002).
  • Davis RE , NgoVN, LenzGet al. Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature463(7277), 88–92 (2010).
  • US Food and Drug Administration . FDA Introductory Comments: Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Meeting, 21 April 2022 (2022). www.fda.gov/media/157837/download
  • Fowler NH , SamaniegoF, JurczakWet al. Umbralisib, a dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε inhibitor in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.39(15), 1609–1618 (2021).
  • Flinn IW , KahlBS, LeonardJPet al. Idelalisib, a selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-δ, as therapy for previously treated indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood123(22), 3406–3413 (2014).
  • Flinn IW , MillerCB, ArdeshnaKMet al. DYNAMO: a phase II study of duvelisib (IPI-145) in patients with refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol.37(11), 912–922 (2019).
  • Skanland SS , BrownJR. PI3K inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: where do we go from here?Haematologica108(1), 9–21 (2022).
  • Vorobyev VI , YoonDH, KaźmierczakMet al. TEMPO: a phase 2, randomized, open-label, 2-arm study comparing 2 intermittent dosing schedules of duvelisib in subjects with indolent non Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). Blood138(Suppl. 1), 3545–3545 (2021).
  • Zelenetz AD , SoumeraiJD, JagadeeshDet al. Preliminary safety and efficacy results with an intermittent schedule of the PI3kδ inhibitor ME-401 alone or in combination with rituximab for B-cell malignancies. Blood132(Suppl. 1), 2893–2893 (2018).
  • Pagel JM , ReddyN, JagadeeshDet al. Efficacy and safety of the PI3Kδ inhibitor zandelisib (ME-401) on an intermittent schedule (IS) in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) with progression of disease within 24 months of first-line chemoimmunotherapy (POD24). J. Clin. Oncol.39(Suppl. 15), 7550–7550 (2021).
  • Béguelin W , PopovicR, TeaterMet al. EZH2 is required for germinal center formation and somatic EZH2 mutations promote lymphoid transformation. Cancer Cell23(5), 677–692 (2013).
  • Morin RD , ArthurSE, AssoulineS. Treating lymphoma is now a bit EZ-er. Blood Adv.5(8), 2256–2263 (2021).
  • US Food and Drug Administration . Tazemetostat prescribing information. www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/213400s000lbl.pdf
  • Sermer D , BrentjensR. CAR T-cell therapy: full speed ahead. Hematol. Oncol.37(Suppl. 1), 95–100 (2019).
  • Staerz UD , KanagawaO, BevanMJ. Hybrid antibodies can target sites for attack by T cells. Nature314(6012), 628–631 (1985).
  • Sanford M . Blinatumomab: first global approval. Drugs75(3), 321–327 (2015).
  • Hutchings M , MousR, ClausenMRet al. Dose escalation of subcutaneous epcoritamab in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: an open-label, phase 1/2 study. Lancet398(10306), 1157–1169 (2021).
  • Hutchings M , Carlo-StellaC, BachyEet al. Glofitamab step-up dosing induces high response rates in patients with hard-to-treat refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood136(Suppl. 1), 46–48 (2020).
  • Hutchings M , MorschhauserF, IacoboniGet al. Glofitamab, a novel, bivalent CD20-targeting T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody, induces durable complete remissions in relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma: a phase I trial. J. Clin. Oncol.39(18), 1959–1970 (2021).
  • Bannerji R , ArnasonJE, AdvaniRHet al. Odronextamab, a human CD20×CD3 bispecific antibody in patients with CD20-positive B-cell malignancies (ELM-1): results from the relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma cohort in a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1 trial. Lancet Haematol.9(5), e327–e339 (2022).
  • Sun LL , EllermanD, MathieuMet al. Anti-CD20/CD3 T cell-dependent bispecific antibody for the treatment of B cell malignancies. Sci. Transl. Med.7(287), 287ra70 (2015).
  • Hernandez G , HuwL-Y, BelousovAet al. Pharmacodynamic effects and immune correlates of response to the CD20/CD3 bispecific antibody mosunetuzumab in relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood134(Suppl. 1), 1585–1585 (2019).
  • Schuster SJ , HuwL-Y, BolenCRet al. Characterization of CD20 expression loss as a mechanism of resistance to mosunetuzumab in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. J. Clin. Oncol.40(Suppl. 16), 7526–7526 (2022).
  • Bartlett NL , GiriP, BuddeLEet al. Subcutaneous (SC) administration of mosunetuzumab with cycle 1 step-up dosing is tolerable and active in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (R/R B-NHL): initial results from a phase I/II study. Blood138(Suppl. 1), 3573–3573 (2021).
  • Bartlett NL , SehnLH, AssoulineSEet al. Managing cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity with step-fractionated dosing of mosunetuzumab in relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). J. Clin. Oncol.37(Suppl. 15), 7518–7518 (2019).
  • Budde EL , BartlettNL, GiriPet al. Subcutaneous mosunetuzumab is active with a manageable safety profile in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (B-NHLs): updated results from a phase I/II study. Presented at: 64th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting and Exposition.New Orleans, LA, USA, 10 December 2022.
  • Matasar MJ , CheahCY, YoonDHet al. Subcutaneous mosunetuzumab in relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma: promising safety and encouraging efficacy in dose escalation cohorts. Blood136(Suppl. 1), 45–46 (2020).
  • Bartlett NL , SehnLH, MatasarMJet al. Mosunetuzumab monotherapy demonstrates durable efficacy with a manageable safety profile in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma who received ≥2 prior therapies: updated results from a pivotal phase II study. Blood140(Suppl. 1), 1467–1470 (2022).
  • Matasar M , BartlettNL, SehnLHet al. P1126: Mosunetuzumab is efficacious and well tolerated in patients aged <65 and ≥65 years with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma and ≥2 prior therapies: subgroup analysis of a pivotal phase II study. Hemasphere6, 1016–1017 (2022).
  • Winkler U , JensenM, ManzkeO, SchulzH, DiehlV, EngertA. Cytokine-release syndrome in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and high lymphocyte counts after treatment with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab, IDEC-C2B8). Blood94(7), 2217–2224 (1999).
  • Wing MG , MoreauT, GreenwoodJet al. Mechanism of first-dose cytokine-release syndrome by CAMPATH 1-H: involvement of CD16 (FcgammaRIII) and CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) on NK cells. J. Clin. Invest.98(12), 2819–2826 (1996).
  • Neelapu SS , LockeFL, BartlettNLet al. Axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T-cell therapy in refractory large B-cell lymphoma. N. Engl. J. Med.377(26), 2531–2544 (2017).
  • Gökbuget N , DombretH, BonifacioMet al. Blinatumomab for minimal residual disease in adults with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood131(14), 1522–1531 (2018).
  • Lee DW , SantomassoBD, LockeFLet al. ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.25(4), 625–638 (2019).
  • Norelli M , CamisaB, BarbieraGet al. Monocyte-derived IL-1 and IL-6 are differentially required for cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity due to CAR T cells. Nat. Med.24(6), 739–748 (2018).
  • Leclercq G , ServeraLA, DanilinSet al. Dissecting the mechanism of cytokine release induced by T-cell engagers highlights the contribution of neutrophils. Oncoimmunology11(1), 2039432 (2022).
  • Kantarjian H , SteinA, GökbugetNet al. Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med.376(9), 836–847 (2017).
  • Stein AS , SchillerG, BenjaminRet al. Neurologic adverse events in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with blinatumomab: management and mitigating factors. Ann. Hematol.98(1), 159–167 (2019).
  • Gust J , HayKA, HanafiL-Aet al. Endothelial activation and blood–brain barrier disruption in neurotoxicity after adoptive immunotherapy with CD19 CAR-T cells. Cancer Discov.7(12), 1404–1419 (2017).
  • Santomasso BD , ParkJH, SalloumDet al. Clinical and biological correlates of neurotoxicity associated with CAR T-cell therapy in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Discov.8(8), 958–971 (2018).
  • US Food and Drug Administration . Orphan drug designations and approvals – mosunetuzumab. www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/detailedIndex.cfm?cfgridkey=663418
  • Nastoupil LJ , MorschhauserF, ScholzCWet al. CELESTIMO: a phase III trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of mosunetuzumab plus lenalidomide versus rituximab plus lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma who have received ≥1 line of systemic therapy. J. Clin. Oncol.40(Suppl. 16), TPS7588–TPS7588 (2022).
  • Morschhauser F , BishtonM, EyreTAet al. Mosunetuzumab in combination with lenalidomide has a manageable safety profile and encouraging activity in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma: initial results from a phase Ib study. Blood138(Suppl. 1), 129–129 (2021).
  • Potnis KC , DiM, IsufiIet al. Cost-effectiveness of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in adults with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. Blood Adv.7(5), 801–810 (2023).
  • Liu Q , FayadL, CabanillasFet al. Improvement of overall and failure-free survival in stage IV follicular lymphoma: 25 years of treatment experience at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. J. Clin. Oncol.24(10), 1582–1589 (2006).
  • Templeton AJ , BoothCM, TannockIF. Informing patients about expected outcomes: the efficacy–effectiveness gap. J. Clin. Oncol.38(15), 1651–1654 (2020).
  • Liang F , WuZ, MoMet al. Comparison of treatment effect from randomised controlled phase II trials and subsequent phase III trials using identical regimens in the same treatment setting. Eur. J. Cancer121, 19–28 (2019).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.