References
- Cancer.Net . Bladder cancer: introduction. www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/introduction (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Public Health Scotland . Cancer statistics: bladder cancer. www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Cancer/Cancer-Statistics/Bladder/ (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Davies F, Knott C, Kerr C, Lockhat M, Adedokun L. Utilising routine health data to establish a standing cohort of patients with metastatic bladder cancer: initial results and algorithm defining disease progression. europe2020-ispor.ipostersessions.com/Default.aspx?s=95-56-36-01-D0-00-15-AA-7F-9F-D4-84-35-78-E1-C7 (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Kearney M, Knott C, Lamy FX, Harnett J, Amin A, Verpillat P. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer in England: results of a longitudinal observational cohort study. Value Health 23(Suppl. 2), S483 (abstract PCN341) (2020).
- Cheeseman S, Thompson M, Sopwith Wet al. Current treatment and outcomes benchmark for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer from a large UK-based single centre. Front. Oncol. 10, 167 (2020).
- Powles T, Huddart RA, Elliott Tet al. Phase III, double-blind, randomized trial that compared maintenance lapatinib versus placebo after first-line chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 1/2-positive metastatic bladder cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 35(1), 48–55 (2017).
- Scottish Medicines Consortium . SMC2359: avelumab 20 mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion (Bavencio®). www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/media/6187/avelumab-bavencio-final-july-2021-amended-050821-for-website.pdf (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- European Medicines Agency . Bavencio (avelumab). www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/bavencio-epar-product-information_en.pdf (Accessed 21: April 2023).
- Electronic Medicines Compendium . Bavencio 20 mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion. www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/8453/smpc#grefJ (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Powles T, Bellmunt J, Comperat Eet al. Bladder cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann. Oncol. 33(3), 244–258 (2022).
- Cathomas R, Lorch A, Bruins HMet al. The 2021 updated European Association of Urology guidelines on metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Eur. Urol. 81(1), 95–103 (2022).
- ClinicalTrials.gov . A study of avelumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (JAVELIN Bladder 100). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02603432 (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Powles T, Park SH, Voog Eet al. Avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 383(13), 1218–1230 (2020).
- Grivas P, Kopyltsov E, Su PJet al. Patient-reported outcomes from JAVELIN Bladder 100: avelumab first-line maintenance plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone for advanced urothelial carcinoma. Eur. Urol. 83(4), 320–328 (2023).
- Scottish Medicines Consortium . Avelumab (Bavencio). www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/medicines-advice/avelumab-bavencio-full-smc2359/ (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Scottish Medicines Consortium . Atezolizumab 1,200mg concentrate for solution for infusion (Tecentriq®). www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/media/3134/atezolizumab-tecentriq-for-uc-final-feb-2018-for-website.pdf (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Scottish Medicines Consortium . Pembrolizumab 25mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion and 50mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion (Keytruda®). www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/media/3121/pembrolizumab_keytruda_final_jan_2018_for_website.pdf (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Scottish Medicines Consortium . Nivolumab 10mg/ml concentrate for solution for infusion (Opdivo®). www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/media/3114/nivolumab_opvido_final_dec_2017_for_website.pdf (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Scottish Medicines Consortium . Working with SMC: a guide for manufacturers. www.scottishmedicines.org.uk/media/7486/working-with-smc.pdf (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Office for National Statistics . National life tables: Scotland. www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/lifeexpectancies/datasets/nationallifetablesscotlandreferencetables (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Latimer N. NICE DSU technical support document 14: survival analysis for economic evaluations alongside clinical trials – extrapolation with patient-level data. www.sheffield.ac.uk/media/34225/download?attachment (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Kelly K, Infante JR, Taylor MHet al. Safety profile of avelumab in patients with advanced solid tumors: a pooled analysis of data from the phase 1 JAVELIN solid tumor and phase 2 JAVELIN Merkel 200 clinical trials. Cancer 124(9), 2010–2017 (2018).
- Ascierto PA, Orlova K, Grignani Get al. Avelumab expanded access program in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma: efficacy and safety findings from patients in Europe and the Middle East. Int. J. Cancer 149(11), 1926–1934 (2021).
- van Hout B, Janssen MF, Feng YSet al. Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets. Value Health 15(5), 708–715 (2012).
- Ara R, Brazier JE. Populating an economic model with health state utility values: moving toward better practice. Value Health 13(5), 509–518 (2010).
- Nafees B, Stafford M, Gavriel S, Bhalla S, Watkins J. Health state utilities for non small cell lung cancer. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 6, 84 (2008).
- Sullivan PW, Ghushchyan V. Preference-based EQ-5D index scores for chronic conditions in the United States. Med. Decis. Making. 26(4), 410–420 (2006).
- Beusterien KM, Davies J, Leach Met al. Population preference values for treatment outcomes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a cross-sectional utility study. Health Qual. Life Outcomes 8, 50 (2010).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Nivolumab with ipilimumab for untreated advanced renal cell carcinoma. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta581/history (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Ramucirumab for treating advanced gastric cancer or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta378/history (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Gauci ML, Baroudjian B, Zeboulon Cet al. Immune-related hepatitis with immunotherapy: are corticosteroids always needed? J. Hepatol. 69(2), 548–550 (2018).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . BNF: British National Formulary – avelumab. bnf.nice.org.uk/medicinal-forms/avelumab.html (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Vinflunine for the treatment of advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta272/history (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Atezolizumab for untreated PD-L1-positive locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer when cisplatin is unsuitable. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta492/history (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Pembrolizumab for untreated PD-L1-positive locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer when cisplatin is unsuitable. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta522/history (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Curtis L, Burns A. Unit costs of health and social care 2019. www.pssru.ac.uk/project-pages/unit-costs/unit-costs-2019/ (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- NHS England . 2018/19 National Cost Collection data publication. www.england.nhs.uk/publication/2018-19-national-cost-collection-data-publication/ (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Round J, Jones L, Morris S. Estimating the cost of caring for people with cancer at the end of life: a modelling study. Palliat. Med. 29(10), 899–907 (2015).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . BNF: British National Formulary. bnf.nice.org.uk/ (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Avelumab for maintenance treatment of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta788/history (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Peng Y, She Z, Peng Let al. Cost–effectiveness of avelumab maintenance therapy for advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the United States. Adv. Ther. 38(12), 5710–5720 (2021).
- Karttunen E, Jaaskelainen S, Hervonen P, Chang J, Kearney M. Cost–effectiveness of avelumab as first-line maintenance treatment for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Finland. Poster presented at: ISPOR Europe 2021. Virtual, 30 November–3 December 2021. www.ispor.org/heor-resources/presentations-database/presentation/euro2021-3409/112147 (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Chang WC, Xiao Y, Lin AYet al. Cost–effectiveness analysis of avelumab plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC alone as a first-line (1L) maintenance treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan. Poster presented at: ISPOR Europe 2021. Virtual, 30 November–3 December 2021. www.ispor.org/heor-resources/presentations-database/presentation/euro2021-3407/112259 (Accessed: 21 April 2023 ).
- Powles T, Park SH, Caserta Cet al. Avelumab first-line maintenance for advanced urothelial carcinoma: results from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial after ≥2 years of follow-up. J. Clin. Oncol. 41(19), 3486–3492 (2023).