695
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Screening: System, Provider and Individual Factors and Strategies to Improve Participation

, , , &
Pages 1371-1388 | Published online: 10 Nov 2009

Bibliography

  • Ferlay J , BrayF, PisaniP, ParkinDM: GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide. International Agency for Research on Cancer Press, Lyon, France, 5, Version 2.0 (2004).
  • US Preventive Services Task Force: Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann. Behav. Med. 149, 627–637 (2008).
  • Winawer SJ : Colorectal cancer screening.Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol.21(6), 1031–1048 (2007).
  • Hewitson P , GlasziouP, IrwigL, TowlerB, WatsonE: Screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test, Hemoccult.Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.1, CD001216 (2007).
  • Atkin WS , EdwardsR, WardleJet al.: Design of a multicentre randomized trial to evaluate flexible sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer screening.J. Med. Screen.8(3), 137–144 (2001).
  • Gondal G , GrotmolT, HofstadB, BretthauerM, EideTJ, HoffG: The Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention (NORCCAP) screening study.Scand. J. Gastroenterol.38(6), 635–642 (2003).
  • Segnan N , SenoreC, AndreoniBet al.: Baseline findings of the Italian multicenter randomized controlled trial of ‘Once-only sigmoidoscopy’ – SCORE.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.94(23), 1763–1772 (2002).
  • Prorok PC , AndrioleGL, BresalierRSet al.: Design of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial.Control. Clin. Trials21(6), S273–S309 (2000).
  • Hoff G , GrotmolT, SkovlundE, BretthauerM: Risk of colorectal cancer seven years after flexible sigmoidoscopy screening: randomized controlled trial.Br. Med. J.338, B1846 (2009).
  • Thiis-Evensen E , HoffGS, SauarJ, LangmarkF, MajakBM, VatnMH: Population-based surveillance by colonoscopy: effect on the incidence of colorectal cancer. Telemark Polyp Study I.Scand. J. Gastroenterol.34(4), 414–420 (1999).
  • Muller AD , SonnenbergA: Prevention of colorectal-cancer by flexible endoscopy and polypectomy – a case–control study of 32702 veterans.Ann. Intern. Med.123(12), 904 (1995).
  • Newcomb PA , NorfleetRG, StorerBE, SurawiczTS, MarcusPM: Screening sigmoidoscopy and colorectal-cancer mortality.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.84(20), 1572–1575 (1992).
  • Selby JV , FriedmanGD, QuesenberryCPJr, WeissNS: A case–control study of screening sigmoidoscopy and mortality from colorectal cancer.N. Engl. J. Med.326(10), 653–657 (1992).
  • Brenner H , ArndtV, SturmerT, StegmaierC, ZiegerH, DhomG: Long-lasting reduction of risk of colorectal cancer following screening endoscopy.Br. J. Cancer85(7), 972–976 (2001).
  • Winawer SJ , ZauberAG, HoMNet al.: Prevention of colorectal-cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy.N. Engl. J. Med.329(27), 1977–1981 (1993).
  • Benson VS , PatnickJ, DaviesAK, NadelMR, SmithRA, AtkinWS: Colorectal cancer screening: a comparison of 35 initiatives in 17 countries.Int. J. Cancer122(6), 1357–1367 (2008).
  • International Screening Network: Inventory of Colorectal Cancer Screening Activities in ICSN Countries. National Cancer Institute (2008).
  • Khandker RK , DulskiJD, KilpatrickJB, EllisRP, MitchellJB, BaineWB: A decision model and cost–effectiveness analysis of colorectal cancer screening and surveillance guidelines for average-risk adults.Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care16(3), 799–810 (2000).
  • Lieberman DA : Cost–effectiveness model for colon cancer screening.Gastroenterology109(6), 1781–1790 (1995).
  • Sonnenberg A , DelcoF, InadomiJM: Cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer.Ann. Intern. Med.133(8), 573–584 (2000).
  • Seifert B , ZavoralM, FricP, BenckoV: The role of primary care in colorectal cancer screening: experience from Czech Republic.Neoplasma55(1), 74–80 (2008).
  • Malila N , OivanenT, HakamaM: Implementation of colorectal cancer screening in Finland: experiences from the first three years of a public health programme.Z. Gastroenterol.46, S25–S28 (2008).
  • Zorzi M , BarcaA, FalciniFet al.: Screening for colorectal cancer in Italy: 2005 survey.Epidemiol. Prev.31(2–3), 49–60 (2007).
  • Goulard H , Boussac-ZarebskaM, Ancelle-ParkR, BlochJ: French colorectal cancer screening pilot programme: results of the first round.J. Med. Screen.15(3), 143–148 (2008).
  • Brotherstone H , VanceM, EdwardsRet al.: Uptake of population-based flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer: a nurse-led feasibility study.J. Med. Screen.14(2), 76–80 (2007).
  • Meissner HI , BreenN, KlabundeCN, VernonSW: Patterns of colorectal cancer screening uptake among men and women in the United States.Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.15(2), 389–394 (2006).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Health Interview Survey public use data file 2005. National Center for Health Statistics (2006).
  • Lafata JE , WilliamsLK, Ben-MenachemT, MoonC, DivineG: Colorectal carcinoma screening procedure use among primary care patients.Cancer104(7), 1356–1361 (2005).
  • Liang SY : Rates and predictors of colorectal cancer screening.Prev. Chronic Dis.3(4), A117 (2006).
  • Neilson AR , WhynesDK: Determinants of persistent compliance with screening for colorectal cancer.Soc. Sci. Med.41(3), 365–374 (1995).
  • O’Malley AS , ForrestCB, FengS, MandelblattJ: Disparities despite coverage: gaps in colorectal cancer screening among Medicare beneficiaries.Arch. Intern. Med.165 (18), 2129–2135 (2005).
  • Weller D , ColemanD, RobertsonRet al.: The UK colorectal cancer screening pilot: results of the second round of screening in England.Br. J. Cancer97(12), 1601–1605 (2007).
  • McCaffery K , WardleJ, NadelM, AtkinW: Socioeconomic variation in participation in colorectal cancer screening.J. Med. Screen.9(3), 104–108 (2002).
  • Power E , van JaarsveldCHM, McCafferyK, MilesA, AtkinW, WardleJ: Understanding intentions and action in colorectal cancer screening.Ann. Behav. Med.35(3), 285–294 (2008).
  • Wardle J , McCafferyK, NadelM, AtkinW: Socioeconomic differences in cancer screening participation: comparing cognitive and psychosocial explanations.Soc. Sci. Med.59(2), 249–261 (2004).
  • Berkowitz Z , HawkinsNA, PeipinsLA, WhiteMC, NadelMR: Beliefs, risk perceptions, and gaps in knowledge as barriers to colorectal cancer screening in older adults.J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.56(2), 307–314 (2008).
  • Weber MF , BanksE, WardR, SitasF: Population characteristics related to colorectal cancer testing in New South Wales, Australia: results from the 45 and Up Study cohort.J. Med. Screen.15(3), 137–142 (2008).
  • Davis TC , DolanNC, FerreiraMRet al.: The role of inadequate health literacy skills in colorectal cancer screening.Cancer Invest.19(2), 193–200 (2001).
  • Paasche-Orlow MK , WolfMS: The causal pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes.Am. J. Health Behav.31(Suppl. 1), S19–S26 (2007).
  • von Wagner C , KnightK, SteptoeA, WardleJ: Functional health literacy and health-promoting behavior in a national sample of British adults.J. Epidemiol. Community Health61(12), 1086–1090 (2007).
  • Post DM , KatzML, TatumC, DickinsonSL, LemeshowS, PaskettED: Determinants of colorectal cancer screening in primary care.J. Cancer Educ.23(4), 241–247 (2008).
  • Tessaro I : Knowledge, barriers, and predictors of colorectal cancer screening in an Appalachian church population.Prev. Chronic Dis.3(4), A123 (2006).
  • Zimmerman RK , NowalkMP, TabbarahM, GruffermanS: Predictors of colorectal cancer screening in diverse primary care practices.BMC Health Serv. Res.6, 116 (2006).
  • Sutton S , WardleJ, TaylorTet al.: Predictors of attendance in the United Kingdom flexible sigmoidoscopy screening trial.J. Med. Screen.7(2), 99–104 (2000).
  • Griffith KA , McGuireDB, Royak-SchalerR, PlowdenKO, SteinbergerEK: Influence of family history and preventive health behaviors on colorectal cancer screening in African–Americans.Cancer113(2), 276–285 (2008).
  • McCarthy BD , MoskowitzMA: Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy: patient attitudes and compliance.J. Gen. Intern. Med.8(3), 120–125 (1993).
  • Deutekom M , van RijnAF, DekkerEet al.: Uptake of faecal occult blood test colorectal cancer screening by different ethnic groups in the Netherlands.Eur. J. Public Health19(4), 400–402 (2009).
  • Ananthakrishnan AN , SchellhaseKG, SparapaniRA, LaudPW, NeunerJM: Disparities in colon cancer screening in the Medicare population.Arch. Intern. Med.167(3), 258–264 (2007).
  • Peterson NB , MurffHJ, NessRM, DittusRS: Colorectal cancer screening among men and women in the United States.J. Womens Health (Larchmt)16(1), 57–65 (2007).
  • Seeff LC , NadelMR, KlabundeCNet al.: Patterns and predictors of colorectal cancer test use in the adult US population.Cancer100(10), 2093–2103 (2004).
  • Wee CC , McCarthyEP, PhillipsRS: Factors associated with colon cancer screening: the role of patient factors and physician counseling.Prev. Med.41(1), 23–29 (2005).
  • Robb KA , PowerE, AtkinW, WardleJ: Ethnic differences in participation in flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in the UK.J. Med. Screen.15(3), 130–136 (2008).
  • Szczepura A , PriceC, GumberA: Breast and bowel cancer screening uptake patterns over 15 years for UK south Asian ethnic minority populations, corrected for differences in socio–demographic characteristics.BMC Public Health8, 346 (2008).
  • Carozza SE , HoweHL: Patterns of cancer incidence among US Hispanics/Latinos, 1995–2000.Cancer Causes Control17(8), 1067–1075 (2006).
  • Grulich AE , SwerdlowAJ, HeadJ, MarmotMG: Cancer mortality in African and Caribbean migrants to England and Wales.Br. J. Cancer66(5), 905–911 (1992).
  • Winter H , ChengKK, CumminsC, MaricR, SilcocksP, VargheseC: Cancer incidence in the south Asian population of England (1990–1992).Br. J. Cancer79(3–4), 645–654 (1999).
  • Yang RC , MillsPK: Proportionate cancer incidence in the Laotian population of California, 1988–2006.Cancer Causes Control20(6), 1011–1016 (2009).
  • Cardarelli R , ThomasJE: Having a personal health care provider and receipt of colorectal cancer testing.Ann. Fam. Med.7(1), 5–10 (2009).
  • Segnan N , SenoreC, AndreoniBet al.: Randomized trial of different screening strategies for colorectal cancer: patient response and detection rates.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.97(5), 347–357 (2005).
  • Jerant AF : Age-related disparities in cancer screening: analysis of 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data.Ann. Fam. Med.2(5), 481–487 (2004).
  • Brenner H , HoffmeisterM, BrennerG, AltenhofenL, HaugU: Expected reduction of colorectal cancer incidence within 8 years after introduction of the German screening colonoscopy programme: estimates based on 1,875,708 screening colonoscopies.Eur. J. Cancer45(11), 2027–2033 (2009).
  • Sheinfeld GS , GauthierJ, HayJ, MilesA, WardleJ: Cancer screening and aging: research barriers and opportunities.Cancer113(12 Suppl.), 3493–3504 (2008).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Use of colorectal cancer tests – United States, 2002, 2004, 2006. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 57(10), 253–258 (2008).
  • Blom J , YinL, LidenAet al.: Toward understanding non participation in sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer.Int. J. Cancer122(7), 1618–1623 (2008).
  • van Jaarsveld CHM , MilesA, EdwardsR, WardleJ: Marriage and cancer prevention: does marital status and inviting both spouses together influence colorectal cancer screening participation?J. Med. Screen.13(4), 172–176 (2006).
  • Eisinger F , CalsL, Calazel-BenqueAet al.: Impact of organized programs on colorectal cancer screening.BMC Cancer8, 104 (2008).
  • Federici A , BarcaA, BaiocchiDet al.: Can colorectal cancer mass-screening organization be evidence-based? Lessons from failures: the experimental and pilot phases of the Lazio program.BMC Public Health8, 318 (2008).
  • Verne JE , AubreyR, LoveSB, TalbotIC, NorthoverJM: Population based randomized study of uptake and yield of screening by flexible sigmoidoscopy compared with screening by faecal occult blood testing.Br. Med. J.317(7152), 182–185 (1998).
  • Robinson MH , BerryDP, VellacottKD, MoshakisV, HardcastleJD: Screening for colorectal cancer.Lancet342(8865), 241 (1993).
  • Berry DP , ClarkeP, HardcastleJD, VellacottKD: Randomized trial of the addition of flexible sigmoidoscopy to faecal occult blood testing for colorectal neoplasia population screening.Br. J. Surg.84(9), 1274–1276 (1997).
  • Elwood JM , AliG, SchlupMMet al.: Flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy for colorectal screening: a randomized trial of performance and acceptability.Cancer Detect. Prev.19(4), 337–347 (1995).
  • Church TR , YeazelMW, JonesRMet al.: A randomized trial of direct mailing of fecal occult blood tests to increase colorectal cancer screening.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.96(10), 770–780 (2004).
  • Goldberg D , SchiffGD, McNuttR, Furumoto-DawsonA, HammermanM, HoffmanA: Mailings timed to patients’ appointments: a controlled trial of fecal occult blood test cards.Am. J. Prev. Med.26(5), 431–435 (2004).
  • Mant D , FullerA, NorthoverJet al.: Patient compliance with colorectal cancer screening in general practice.Br. J. Gen. Pract.42(354), 18–20 (1992).
  • Ore L , HagoelL, LaviI, RennertG: Screening with faecal occult blood test (FOBT) for colorectal cancer: assessment of two methods that attempt to improve compliance.Eur. J. Cancer Prev.10(3), 251–256 (2001).
  • Freedman J , MitchellC: A simple strategy to improve patient adherence to outpatient fecal occult blood testing.J. Gen. Intern. Med.9, 462–464 (1994).
  • Cole SR , SmithA, WilsonC, TurnbullD, EstermanA, YoungGP: An advance notification letter increases participation in colorectal cancer screening.J. Med. Screen.14(2), 73–75 (2007).
  • Ward E , HalpernM, SchragNet al.: Association of insurance with cancer care utilization and outcomes.CA Cancer J. Clin.58(1), 9–31 (2008).
  • Carcaise-Edinboro P , BradleyCJ: Influence of patient-provider communication on colorectal cancer screening.Med. Care46(7), 738–745 (2008).
  • Roetzheim RG , PalN, TennantCet al.: Effects of health insurance and race on early detection of cancer.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.91(16), 1409–1415 (1999).
  • Breen N , WagenerDK, BrownML, DavisWW, Ballard-BarbashR: Progress in cancer screening over a decade: results of cancer screening from the 1987, 1992, and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.93(22), 1704–1713 (2001).
  • Coughlin SS , ThompsonTD: Colorectal cancer screening practices among men and women in rural and nonrural areas of the United States, 1999.J. Rural Health20(2), 118–124 (2004).
  • Gilbert A , KanarekN: Colorectal cancer screening: physician recommendation is influential advice to Marylanders.Prev. Med.41(2), 367–379 (2005).
  • James TM , GreinerKA, EllerbeckEF, FengC, AhluwaliaJS: Disparities in colorectal cancer screening: a guideline-based analysis of adherence.Ethn. Dis.16(1), 228–233 (2006).
  • Fukuda Y , NakamuraK, TakanoT: Reduced likelihood of cancer screening among women in urban areas and with low socio–economic status: a multilevel analysis in Japan.Public Health119(10), 875–884 (2005).
  • Zapka JG , LemonSC: Interventions for patients, providers, and health care organizations.Cancer101(5), 1165–1187 (2004).
  • Sieverding M , MatterneU, CiccarelloL: Gender differences in FOBT use: evidence from a large German survey.Z. Gastroenterol.46(Suppl. 1), S47–S51 (2008).
  • Matthews BA , NattingerAB, VenkatesanT, ShakerR: Colorectal cancer screening among midwestern community-based residents: indicators of success.J. Community Health32(2), 103–120 (2007).
  • O’Malley AS , BeatonE, YabroffKR, AbramsonR, MandelblattJ: Patient and provider barriers to colorectal cancer screening in the primary care safety-net.Prev. Med.39 (1), 56–63 (2004).
  • Honda K , Kagawa-SingerM: Cognitive mediators linking social support networks to colorectal cancer screening adherence.J. Behav. Med.29(5), 449–460 (2006).
  • Kelly RB , ShankJC: Adherence to screening flexible sigmoidoscopy in asymptomatic patients.Med. Care30(11), 1029–1042 (1992).
  • Bastani R , GallardoNV, MaxwellAE: Barriers to colorectal cancer screening among ethnically diverse high- and average-risk individuals.J. Psychosoc. Oncol.19(3–4), 65–84 (2001).
  • Fernandez ME , WippoldR, Torres-VigilIet al.: Colorectal cancer screening among Latinos from US cities along the Texas–Mexico border.Cancer Causes Control19(2), 195–206 (2008).
  • Goodman MJ , OgdieA, KanamoriMJ, CanarJ, O’MalleyAS: Barriers and facilitators of colorectal cancer screening among mid-Atlantic Latinos: focus group findings.Ethn. Dis.16(1), 255–261 (2006).
  • Hoffman-Goetz L , ThomsonMD, DonelleL: Reasons for declining colorectal cancer screening by older Canadians: a pilot study.J. Cancer Educ.23(1), 32–36 (2008).
  • Lasser KE , AyanianJZ, FletcherRH, GoodMD: Barriers to colorectal cancer screening in community health centers: a qualitative study of patients and their primary care providers.J. Gen. Intern. Med.22, 112–113 (2007).
  • McCaffery K , BorrilJ, WilliamsonSet al.: Declining the offer of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for bowel cancer: a qualitative investigation of the decision-making process.Soc. Sci. Med.53(5), 679–691 (2001).
  • Palmer RC , MidgetteLA, DankwaI: Colorectal cancer screening and African–Americans: findings from a qualitative study.Cancer Control15(1), 72–79 (2008).
  • Wackerbarth SB , PetersJC, HaistSA: Modeling the decision to undergo colorectal cancer screening – insights on patient preventive decision making.Med. Care46(9), S17–S22 (2008).
  • Shokar NK , VernonSW, WellerSC: Cancer and colorectal cancer: knowledge, beliefs, and screening preferences of a diverse patient population.Fam. Med.37(5), 341–347 (2005).
  • Brawarsky P , BrooksDR, MucciLA: Correlates of colorectal cancer testing in Massachusetts men and women.Prev. Med.36(6), 659–668 (2003).
  • Christman LK , AbdullaR, JacobsenPBet al.: Colorectal cancer screening among a sample of community health center attendees.J. Health Care Poor Underserved15, 281–293 (2003).
  • Sewitch MJ , FournierC, CiampiA, DyachenkoA: Adherence to colorectal cancer screening guidelines in Canada.BMC Gastroenterology7, 39 (2007).
  • McGregor SE , HilsdenRJ, LiFX, BryantHE, MurrayA: Low uptake of colorectal cancer screening 3 yr after release of national recommendations for screening.Am. J. Gastroenterol.102(8), 1727–1735 (2007).
  • Jo AM , MaxwellAE, WongWK, BastaniR: Colorectal cancer screening among underserved Korean–Americans in Los Angeles County.J. Immigr. Minor. Health10(2), 119–26 (2008).
  • Nguyen BH , McpheeSJ, StewartSL, DoanHT: Colorectal cancer screening in Vietnamese–Americans.J. Cancer Educ.23(1), 37–45 (2008).
  • Sung JJY , ChoiSYP, ChanFKL, ChingJYL, LauJTF, GriffithsS: Obstacles to colorectal cancer screening in Chinese: a study based on the Health Belief Model.Am. J. Gastroenterol.103(4), 974–981 (2008).
  • Beeker C , KraftJM, SouthwellBG, JorgensenCM: Colorectal cancer screening in older men and women: qualitative research findings and implications for intervention.J. Community Health25(3), 263–278 (2000).
  • Brouse CH , BaschCE, WolfRL, ShmuklerC: Barriers to colorectal cancer screening: an educational diagnosis.J. Cancer Educ.19(3), 170–173 (2004).
  • Goel V , GrayR, ChartP, FitchM, SaibilS, ZdanowiczY: Perspectives on colorectal cancer screening: a focus group study.Health Expect.7, 51–60 (2004).
  • Greiner KA , BornW, NollenN, AhluwaliaJS: Knowledge and perceptions of colorectal cancer screening among urban African–Americans.J. Gen. Intern. Med.20(11), 977–983 (2005).
  • Ogedegbe G , CassellsAN, RobinsonCMet al.: Perceptions of barriers and facilitators of cancer early detection among low-income minority women in community health centers.J. Natl Med. Assoc.97(2), 162–170 (2005).
  • Weitzman ER , ZapkaJ, EstabrookB, GoinsKV: Risk and reluctance: understanding impediments to colorectal cancer screening.Prev. Med.32(6), 502–513 (2001).
  • Robb KA , SolarinI, PowerE, AtkinW, WardleJ: Attitudes to colorectal cancer screening among ethnic minority groups in the UK.BMC Public Health8, 34 (2008).
  • Emmons K , PuleoE, McNeillL, BennettG, ChanS, SyngalS: Colorectal cancer screening awareness and intentions among low income, sociodemographically diverse adults under age 50.Cancer Causes Control19(10), 1031–1041 (2008).
  • McCaffery K , WardleJ, WallerJ: Knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions in relation to the early detection of colorectal cancer in the United Kingdom.Prev. Med.36(5), 525–535 (2003).
  • Harewood GC , WiersemaMJ, MeltonLJ: A prospective, controlled assessment of factors influencing acceptance of screening colonoscopy.Am. J. Gastroenterol.97(12), 3186–3194 (2002).
  • Cronan TA : Ethnic differences in colorectal cancer screening.J. Psychosoc. Oncol.26(2), 63–86 (2008).
  • Vernon SW : Participation in colorectal cancer screening: a review.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.89(19), 1406–1422 (1997).
  • Brewer NT , ChapmanGB, GibbonsFX, GerrardM, MccaulKD: Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination.Health Psychol.26(2), 136–145 (2007).
  • Van Der Velde FW , HooykaasC, Van Der PligtJ: Conditional versus unconditional risk estimates in models of AIDS-related risk behavior.Psychol. Health12(1), 87–100 (1996).
  • Aiken LS , WestSG, WoodwardCK, RenoRR: Health beliefs and compliance with mammography-screening recommendations in asymptomatic women.Health Psychol.13(2), 122–129 (1994).
  • Ronis DL : Conditional health threats – health beliefs, decisions, and behaviors among adults.Health Psychol.11(2), 127–134 (1992).
  • Hay JLFJS , KleinD, PrimaveraLH, BuckleyTR: Adherence to colorectal cancer screening in mammography-adherent older women.J. Behav. Med.26(6), 553–576 (2003).
  • Kremers SPJ , MestersI, PladdetIE, van den BorneB, StockbruggerRW: Participation in a sigmoidoscopic colorectal cancer screening program: a pilot study.Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.9(10), 1127–1130 (2000).
  • Myers RE , SifriR, HyslopTet al.: A randomized controlled trial of the impact of targeted and tailored interventions on colorectal cancer screening.Cancer110(9), 2083–2091 (2007).
  • Stockwell DH , WooP, JacobsonBCet al.: Determinants of colorectal cancer screening in women undergoing mammography.Am. J. Gastroenterol.98(8), 1875–1880 (2003).
  • Brenes GA , PaskettED: Predictors of stage of adoption for colorectal cancer screening.Prev. Med.31(4), 410–416 (2000).
  • Farmer MM : Predictors of colorectal cancer screening from patients enrolled in a managed care health plan.Cancer112(6), 1230–1238 (2008).
  • Farraye FA , WongM, HurwitzSet al.: Barriers to endoscopic colorectal cancer screening: are women different from men?Am. J. Gastroenterol.99(2), 341–349 (2004).
  • Lewis SF , JensenNM: Screening sigmoidoscopy – factors associated with utilization.J. Gen. Intern. Med.11(9), 542–544 (1996).
  • Sun WY , BaschCE, WolfRL, LiXJ: Factors associated with colorectal cancer screening among Chinese–Americans.Prev. Med.39(2), 323–329 (2004).
  • Denberg TD , MelhadoTV, CoombesJMet al.: Predictors of nonadherence to screening colonoscopy.J. Gen. Intern. Med.20(11), 989–995 (2005).
  • Friedemann-Sanchez G , GriffinJM, PartinMR: Gender differences in colorectal cancer screening barriers and information needs.Health Expect.10(2), 148–160 (2007).
  • Costanza ME , LuckmannR, StoddardAMet al.: Applying a stage model of behavior change to colon cancer screening.Prev. Med.41(3–4), 707–719 (2005).
  • Nash D , AzeezS, VlahovD, SchoriM: Evaluation of an intervention to increase screening colonoscopy in an urban public hospital setting.J. Urban Health83(2), 231–243 (2006).
  • Roetzheim RG , PalN, TennantCet al.: Effects of health insurance and race on early detection of cancer.J. Natl. Cancer Inst.91(16), 1409–1415 (1999).
  • Nemeth LS , NietertPJ, OrnsteinSM: High performance in screening for colorectal cancer: a Practice Partner Research Network (PPRNet) case study.J. Am. Board Fam. Med.22(2), 141–146 (2009).
  • Stone EG , MortonSC, HulscherMEet al.: Interventions that increase use of adult immunization and cancer screening services: a meta-analysis.Ann. Intern. Med.136(9), 641–651 (2002).
  • Crabtree BF , MillerWL, AitaVA, FlockeSA, StangeKC: Primary care practice organization and preventive services delivery: a qualitative analysis.J. Fam. Pract.46(5), 403–409 (1998).
  • Vinker S , NakarS, RosenbergE, KitaiE: The role of family physicians in increasing annual fecal occult blood test screening coverage: a prospective intervention study.Isr. Med. Assoc. J.4(6), 424–425 (2002).
  • Shea S , DuMouchelW, BahamondeL: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials to evaluate computer-based clinical reminder systems for preventive care in the ambulatory setting.J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc.3(6), 399–409 (1996).
  • Balas EA , WeingartenS, GarbCT, BlumenthalD, BorenSA, BrownGD: Improving preventive care by prompting physicians.Arch. Intern. Med.160(3), 301–308 (2000).
  • Guerra CE : Barriers of and facilitators to physician recommendation of colorectal cancer screening.J. Gen. Intern. Med.22(12), 1681–1688 (2007).
  • Sequist TD , ZaslavskyAM, MarshallR, FletcherRH, AyanianJZ: Patient and physician reminders to promote colorectal cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial.Arch. Intern. Med.169(4), 364–371 (2009).
  • Sabatino SA , HabartaN, BaronRCet al.: Interventions to increase recommendation and delivery of screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers by healthcare providers systematic reviews of provider assessment and feedback and provider incentives.Am. J. Prev. Med.35(1 Suppl.), S67–S74 (2008).
  • Ferreira MR , DolanNC, FitzgibbonMLet al.: Health care provider-directed intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening among veterans: results of a randomized controlled trial.J. Clin. Oncol.23(7), 1548–1554 (2005).
  • Jepson R , CleggA, ForbesC, LewisR, SowdenA, KleijnenJ: The determinants of screening uptake and interventions for increasing uptake: a systematic review.Health Technol. Assess.4(14), I–VII, 100–133 (2000).
  • Hillman AL , RipleyK, GoldfarbN, NuamahI, WeinerJ, LuskE: Physician financial incentives and feedback: failure to increase cancer screening in Medicaid managed care.Am. J. Public Health88(11), 1699–1701 (1998).
  • Lane DS , MessinaCR, CavanaghMF, ChenJJ: A provider intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening in county health centers.Med. Care46(9 Suppl. 1), S109–S116 (2008).
  • Walsh JM , SalazarR, TerdimanJP, GildengorinG, Perez-StableEJ: Promoting use of colorectal cancer screening tests. Can we change physician behavior?J. Gen. Intern. Med.20(12), 1097–1101 (2005).
  • Davis DA , ThomsonMA, OxmanAD, HaynesRB: Changing physician performance. A systematic review of the effect of continuing medical education strategies.J. Am. Med. Assoc.274(9), 700–705 (1995).
  • Klabunde CN , LanierD, BreslauESet al.: Improving colorectal cancer screening in primary care practice: innovative strategies and future directions.J. Gen. Intern. Med.22(8), 1195–1205 (2007).
  • Baron RC , RimerBK, BreslowRAet al.: Client-directed interventions to increase community demand for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening a systematic review.Am. J. Prev. Med.35(1 Suppl.), S34–S55 (2008).
  • Elwood TW , EricksonA, LiebermanS: Comparative educational approaches to screening for colorectal cancer.Am. J. Public Health68, 135–138 (1978).
  • Miller MF , WongJG: Reducing financial barriers enhances the return rate of stool Hemoccult packets.Am. J. Med. Sci.306(2), 98–100 (1993).
  • Wardle J , WilliamsonS, McCafferyKet al.: Increasing attendance at colorectal cancer screening: testing the efficacy of a mailed, psychoeducational intervention in a community sample of older adults.Health Psychol.22(1), 99–105 (2003).
  • Davis TC , WilliamsMV, MarinE, ParkerRM, GlassJ: Health literacy and cancer communication.CA Cancer J. Clin.52(3), 134–149 (2002).
  • Michielutte R , BahnsonJ, DignanMB, SchroederEM: The use of illustrations and narrative text style to improve readability of a health education brochure.J. Cancer Educ.7(3), 251–260 (1992).
  • Zapka JG , LemonSC, PuleoE, EstabrookB, LuckmannR, ErbanS: Patient education for colon cancer screening: a randomized trial of a video mailed before a physical examination.Ann. Intern. Med.141(9), 683–692 (2004).
  • Kreuter MW , GreenMC, CappellaJNet al.: Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: a framework to guide research and application.Ann. Behav. Med.33(3), 221–235 (2007).
  • Hinyard LJ , KreuterMW: Using narrative communication as a tool for health behavior change: a conceptual, theoretical, and empirical overview.Health Educ. Behav.34(5), 777–792 (2007).
  • Rimer BK , GlassmanB: Is there a use for tailored print communications in cancer risk communication?J. Natl Cancer Inst. Monographs25, 140–148 (1999).
  • Ling BS , SchoenRE, TrauthJMet al.: Physicians encouraging colorectal screening: a randomized controlled trial of enhanced office and patient management on compliance with colorectal cancer screening.Arch. Intern. Med.169(1), 47–55 (2009).
  • Lairson DR , DiCarloM, MyersREet al.: Cost–effectiveness of targeted and tailored interventions on colorectal cancer screening use.Cancer112(4), 779–788 (2008).
  • Basch CE , WolfRL, BrouseCHet al.: Telephone outreach to increase colorectal cancer screening in an urban minority population.Am. J. Public Health96(12), 2246–2253 (2006).
  • Dietrich AJ , TobinJN, CassellsAet al.: Translation of an efficacious cancer-screening intervention to women enrolled in a Medicaid managed care organization.Ann. Fam. Med.5(4), 320–327 (2007).
  • Ruffin MT , FettersMD, JimboM: Preference-based electronic decision aid to promote colorectal cancer screening: results of a randomized controlled trial.Prev. Med.45(4), 267–273 (2007).
  • Lewis CL , BrennerAT, GriffithJM, PignoneMP: The uptake and effect of a mailed multimodal colon cancer screening intervention: a pilot controlled trial.Implement Sci.3, 32 (2008).
  • Denberg TD : Effect of a mailed brochure on appointment-keeping for screening colonoscopy: a randomized trial.Ann. Intern. Med.145(12), 895–900 (2006).
  • Shankaran V , McKoyJM, DandadeNet al.: Costs and cost–effectiveness of a low-intensity patient-directed intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening.J. Clin. Oncol.25(33), 5248–5253 (2007).
  • Wolf MS , FitznerKA, PowellEFet al.: Costs and cost effectiveness of a health care provider-directed intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among Veterans.J. Clin. Oncol.23(34), 8877–8883 (2005).
  • Entwistle VA , CarterSM, TrevenaLet al.: Communicating about screening.Br. Med. J.337, a1591 (2008).
  • Hofbauer F , MachK, EgermannG: Repeat mass screening for fecal occult blood for the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms in a rural district. Results of an informational campaign.Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.103(10), 288–295 (1991).
  • Haidinger G , WaldhoerT, VutucC: Self-reported colonoscopy screening in Austria.Eur. J. Cancer Prev.17(4), 354–357 (2008).
  • Bleiberg H , AutierP, HuetFet al.: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using sigmoidoscopy followed by colonoscopy: a feasibility and efficacy study on a cancer institute based population.Ann. Oncol.17(8), 1328–1332 (2006).
  • Sewitch MJ , FournierC, CiampiA, DyachenkoA: Colorectal cancer screening in Canada: results of a national survey.Chronic Dis. Can.29(1), 9–21 (2008).
  • Kronborg O , FengerC, OlsenJ, JorgensenOD, SondergaardO: Randomized study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test.Lancet348(9040), 1467–1471 (1996).
  • Lachter J , Leska-AharoniT, WarumD, EliakimR: Overcoming barriers to colorectal cancer screening tests.Isr. Med. Assoc. J.10(8–9), 621–626 (2008).
  • Hoff G , BretthauerM: Appointments timed in proximity to annual milestones and compliance with screening: randomized controlled trial.Br. Med. J.337, a2794 (2008).
  • Regula J , RupinskiM, KraszewskaEet al.: Colonoscopy in colorectal-cancer screening for detection of advanced neoplasia.N. Engl. J. Med.355(18), 1863–1872 (2006).
  • Gutierrez-Ibarluzea I , AsuaJ, LatorreK: Policies of screening for colorectal cancer in European countries.Int. J. Technol. Assess. Health Care24(3), 270–276 (2008).
  • von Karsa L , AnttilaA, RoncoGet al.: Cancer screening in the European Union: Report on the implementation of the Council Recommendation on cancer screening.International Agency for Research on Cancer1 (2008).

Websites

  • The UK National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Contains information about the structure of the programme, updates on roll-out, and access to various patient information leaflets (each of which is translated into 20 different languages) www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk/bowel/
  • The Australian National Cancer Screening website. This site contains links to three different screening programmes including breast, cervical and bowel www.cancerscreening.gov.au/
  • An interactive decision aid (login details = email: test; password: test) that has previously been used in an intervention and offers information about colorectal cancer, risk factors and screening http://colorectalweb.org/
  • The Prevent Cancer Foundation aims to fund research and offer public education about cancer and community outreach. The website contains updates on various events and activities organised by the Foundation and links to more interactive campaign websites (e.g. CONFESS!) www.preventcancer.org/colorectal/
  • Website specifically designed for healthcare professionals. It offers guidance on how to design comprehensive cancer control programs or plans, including a step-by-step guide and detailed information on various specific cancers, including colorectal cancer http://cancercontrolplanet.cancer.gov
  • Website providing information about the Scottish Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, including information about its organization, and a summary of findings gathered as part of the Scottish Bowel Cancer Screening Pilot www.isdscotland.org/isd/1696.html

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.