Pembrolizumab Joins the Anti-PD-1 Armamentarium in the Treatment of Melanoma

References

• Howard JH , ThompsonJF, MozzilloNet al. Metastasectomy for distant metastatic melanoma: analysis of data from the first Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT-I). Ann. Surg. Oncol.19(8), 2547–2555 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ollila DW , CaudleAS. Surgical management of distant metastases. Surg. Oncol. Clin. North Am.15(2), 385–398 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke PJ , McCarthyWH, MiltonGW. Imidazole carboxamide therapy in advanced malignant melanoma. Cancer27(3), 744–750 (1971).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg SA , YangJC, SchwartzentruberDJet al. Prospective randomized trial of the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma using chemotherapy with cisplatin, dacarbazine, and tamoxifen alone or in combination with interleukin-2 and interferon alfa-2b. J. Clin. Oncol.17(3), 968–975 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gogas HJ , KirkwoodJM, SondakVK. Chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma: time for a change?Cancer109(3), 455–464 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodi FS , O‘DaySJ, McDermottDFet al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med.363(8), 711–723 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert C , ThomasL, BondarenkoIet al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med.364(26), 2517–2526 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keir ME , ButteMJ, FreemanGJ, SharpeAH. PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol.26, 677–704 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardoll DM . The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer12(4), 252–264 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spranger S , SpaapenRM, ZhaYet al. Up-regulation of PD-L1, IDO, and Tregs in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8+ T cells. Sci. Transl. Med.5(200), 200ra116 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube JM , AndersRA, YoungGDet al. Colocalization of inflammatory response with B7-h1 expression in human melanocytic lesions supports an adaptive resistance mechanism of immune escape. Sci. Transl. Med.4(127), 127ra37 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topalian SL , HodiFS, BrahmerJRet al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.366(26), 2443–2454 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topalian SL , SznolM, McDermottDFet al. Survival, durable tumor remission, and long-term safety in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab. J. Clin. Oncol.32(10), 1020–1030 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolchok JD , KlugerH, CallahanMKet al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med.2, 122–133 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Sznol M . Survival, response duration, and activity by BRAF mutation (MT) status of nivolumab (NIVO, anti-PD-1, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) and ipilimumab (IPI) concurrent therapy in advanced melanoma (MEL). Presented at: 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting.Chicago, IL, USA, 30 May–3 June 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Brahmer JR , TykodiSS, ChowLQet al. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.366(26), 2455–2465 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamid O , SosmanJA, LawrenceDPet al. Clinical activity, safety, and biomarkers of MPDL3280A, an engineered PD-L1 antibody in patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma (mM). J. Clin. Oncol.31(Suppl.), Abstract 9010 (2013).
   Google Scholar
• Hamid O , RobertC, DaudAet al. Safety and tumor responses with lambrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in melanoma. N. Engl. J. Med.369, 134–144 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascierto PA , CaponeM, UrbaWJet al. The additional facet of immunoscore: immunoprofiling as a possible predictive tool for cancer treatment. J. Transl. Med.11, 54 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribas A . Efficacy and safety of the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MK-3475 in 411 patients (pts) with melanoma (MEL). Presented at: 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting.Chicago, IL, USA, 30 May–3 June 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Wolchok JD , HoosA, O‘DaySet al. Guidelines for the evaluation of immune therapy activity in solid tumors: immune-related response criteria. Clin. Cancer Res.15(23), 7412–7420 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang S , AtkinsMB. Which drug, and when, for patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma?Lancet Oncol.14(2), e60–e69 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long GV . COMBI-d: a randomized, double-blinded, Phase III study comparing the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib to dabrafenib and trametinib placebo as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with unresectable or metastatic BRAF V600E/K mutation-positive cutaneous melanoma. Presented at: 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting.Chicago, IL, USA, 30 May–3 June 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Topalian SL , HodiFS, BrahmerJRet al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.366(26), 2443–2454 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube JM , KleinAP, BrahmerJRet al. Association of PD-1, PD-1 ligands, and other features of the tumor immune microenvironment with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-3271 (2014) ( Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Daud AI , RibasAet al. Antitumor activity of the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody MK-3475 in melanoma (MEL): correlation of tumor PD-L1 expression with outcome. Presented at: American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2014.San Diego, CA, USA, 5–9 April 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Kefford RK . Clinical efficacy and correlation with tumor PD-L1 expression in patients (pts) with melanoma (MEL) treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MK-3475. Presented at: 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting.Chicago, IL, USA, 30 May–3 June 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Balch CM , GershenwaldJE, SoongSJet al. Final version of 2009 AJCC melanoma staging and classification. J. Clin. Oncol.27(36), 6199–6206 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph RW , Elassaiss-SchaapJ, WolchokJDet al. Baseline tumor size as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MK-3475. Presented at: 2014 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting.Chicago, IL, USA, 30 May–3 June 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Schramm SJ , CampainAE, ScolyerRA, YangYH, MannGJ. Review and cross-validation of gene expression signatures and melanoma prognosis. J. Invest. Dermatol.132(2), 274–283 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann GJ , PupoGM, CampainAEet al. BRAF mutation, NRAS mutation, and the absence of an immune-related expressed gene profile predict poor outcome in patients with stage III melanoma. J. Invest. Dermatol.133(2), 509–517 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupetti R , SensiM, MortariniR, AnichiniA, ClementeC, ParmianiG. N-RAS mutations and susceptibility to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in human melanoma. Melanoma Res.4(1), 11–19 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph RW , SullivanRJ, HarrellRet al. Correlation of NRAS mutations with clinical response to high-dose IL-2 in patients with advanced melanoma. J. Immunother.35(1), 66–72 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haq R , FisherDE. Biology and clinical relevance of the micropthalmia family of transcription factors in human cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.29(25), 3474–3482 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajewski TF , SchreiberH, FuYX. Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Nat. Immunol.14(10), 1014–1022 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckanovich RJ , FacciabeneA, KimSet al. Endothelin B receptor mediates the endothelial barrier to T cell homing to tumors and disables immune therapy. Nat. Med.14(1), 28–36 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsberg J , KohlmeyerJ, RennMet al. Melanomas resist T-cell therapy through inflammation-induced reversible dedifferentiation. Nature490(7420), 412–416 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascierto PA , KalosM, SchaerDA, CallahanMK, WolchokJD. Biomarkers for immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies in combination strategies for melanoma and other tumor types. Clin. Cancer Res.19(5), 1009–1020 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duraiswamy J , KaluzaKM, FreemanGJ, CoukosG. Dual blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 combined with tumor vaccine effectively restores T-cell rejection function in tumors. Cancer Res.73(12), 3591–3603 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins PF , LuYC, El-GamilMet al. Mining exomic sequencing data to identify mutated antigens recognized by adoptively transferred tumor-reactive T cells. Nat. Med.19(6), 747–752 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamarin D , HolmgaardRB, SubudhiSKet al. Localized oncolytic virotherapy overcomes systemic tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Sci. Transl. Med.6(226), 226ra32 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngiow SF , KnightDA, RibasA, McArthurGA, SmythMJ. BRAF-targeted therapy and immune responses to melanoma. Oncoimmunology2(6), e24462 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapkota B , HillCE, PollackBP. Vemurafenib enhances MHC induction in BRAF homozygous melanoma cells. Oncoimmunology2(1) e22890 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederick DT , PirisA, CogdillAPet al. BRAF inhibition is associated with enhanced melanoma antigen expression and a more favorable tumor microenvironment in patients with metastatic melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res.19(5), 1225–1231 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmott JS , LongGV, HowleJRet al. Selective BRAF inhibitors induce marked T cell infiltration into human metastatic melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res.18(5), 1386–1394 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boni A , CogdillAP, DangPet al. Selective BRAFV600E inhibition enhances T-cell recognition of melanoma without affecting lymphocyte function. Cancer Res.70(13), 5213–5219 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang X , ZhouJ, Giobbie-HurderA, WargoJ, HodiFS. The activation of MAPK in melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibition promotes PD-L1 expression that is reversible by MEK and PI3K inhibition. Clin. Cancer Res.19(3), 598–609 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le K , BlomainES, RodeckU, AplinAE. Selective RAF inhibitor impairs ERK1/2 phosphorylation and growth in mutant NRAS, vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res.26(4), 509–517 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coral S , CovreA, NicolayHJet al. Epigenetic remodelling of gene expression profiles of neoplastic and normal tissues: immunotherapeutic implications. Br. J. Cancer107(7), 1116–1124 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West AC , SmythMJ, JohnstoneRW. The anticancer effects of HDAC inhibitors require the immune system. Oncoimmunology3(1), e27414 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belkina AC , NikolajczykBS, DenisGV. BET protein function is required for inflammation: Brd2 genetic disruption and BET inhibitor JQ1 impair mouse macrophage inflammatory responses. J. Immunol.190(7), 3670–3678 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar