References
- Larner AJ . Number needed to diagnose (NND), predict (NNP), or misdiagnose (NNM): useful metrics for non-canonical signs of cognitive status?Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra8, 321 – 327 ( 2018 ).
- Larner AJ . Evaluating cognitive screening instruments with the ‘likelihood to be diagnosed or misdiagnosed’ measure . Int. J. Clin. Pract.73, e13265 ( 2019 ).
- Citrome L , KetterTA . When does a difference make a difference? Interpretation of number needed to treat, number needed to harm, and likelihood to be helped or harmed . Int. J. Clin. Pract.67, 407 – 411 ( 2013 ).
- Laupacis A , SackettDL, RobertsRS . An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment . N. Engl. J. Med.318, 1728 – 1733 ( 1988 ).
- Tsoi KK , ChanJY, HiraiHW, WongSY, KwokTC . Cognitive tests to detect dementia. A systematic review and meta-analysis . JAMA Intern. Med.175, 1450 – 1458 ( 2015 ).
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence . Dementia. Assessment, Management and Support for People Living with Dementia and their Carers. NICE Guideline 97. Methods, Evidence and Recommendations . NICE, London, UK ( 2018 ). www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng97 .
- Larner AJ , MitchellAJ . A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE) and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) in the detection of dementia . Int. Psychogeriatr.26, 555 – 563 ( 2014 ).
- Davis DH , CreavinST, YipJL, Noel-StorrAH, BrayneC, CullumS . Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias . Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.10, CD010775 ( 2015 ).
- Park JK , JeongEH, SeomunGA . The clock drawing test: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy . J. Adv. Nurs.74, 2742 – 2754 ( 2018 ).
- Linn S , GrunauPD . New patient-oriented summary measure of net total gain in certainty for dichotomous diagnostic tests . Epidemiol. Perspect. Innov.3, 11 ( 2006 ).
- Tsoi KK , ChanJY, HiraiHWet al. Recall tests are effective to detect mild cognitive impairment. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 108 diagnostic studies . J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc.18, 807.e17 – 807.e29 ( 2017 ).