The Frequency of Major ABCG2, SLCO1B1 and CYP2C9 Variants in Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Women Subgroups: Implications for Personalized Statins Dosing

References

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute . GO Exome Sequencing Project (ESP). https://evs.gs.washington.edu/EVS/
   Google Scholar
• Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium . CPIC® guideline for statins and SLCO1B1, ABCG2, and CYP2C9. (2022). https://cpicpgx.org/guidelines/cpic-guideline-for-statins/
   Google Scholar
• Whirl-Carrillo M , HuddartR , GongLet al. An evidence-based framework for evaluating pharmacogenomics knowledge for personalized medicine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.110(3), 563–572 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper-Dehoff RM , NiemiM , RamseyLBet al. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guideline for SLCO1B1, ABCG2, and CYP2C9 genotypes and statin-associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.111(5), 1007–1021 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman Y . The United States 2020 Census data: implications for precision medicine and the research landscape. Per. Med.19(1), 5–8 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alrajeh KY , RomanYM. The frequency of major CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms in women of Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander subgroups. Per. Med.19(4), 327–339 (2022).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roman YM , McclishD , PriceETet al. Cardiometabolic genomics and pharmacogenomics investigations in Filipino Americans: steps towards precision health and reducing health disparities. Am. Heart J. Plus15, 100136 (2022).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alghubayshi A , EdelmanA , AlrajehK , RomanY. Genetic assessment of hyperuricemia and gout in Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander subgroups of pregnant women: biospecimens repository cross-sectional study. BMC Rheumatol.6(1), 1 (2022).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coronado G , Chio-LauriJ , CruzRD , RomanYM. Health disparities of cardiometabolic disorders among Filipino Americans: implications for health equity and community-based genetic research. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities9(6), 2560–2567 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu K-H , ChangP-Y , ChangS-Cet al. A comprehensive analysis of the association of common variants of ABCG2 with gout. Sci. Rep.7(1), 9988 (2017).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alrajeh KY , RomanYM. Pharmacogenetic perspective for optimal gout management. Future Pharmacol.2(2), 135–152 (2022).
   Google Scholar
• Pu J , RomanelliR , ZhaoBet al. Dyslipidemia in special ethnic populations. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am.45(1), 205–216 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College of Cardiology . Guidelines Made Simple: 2018 blood cholesterol guideline (2018). www.acc.org/education-and-meetings/image-and-slide-gallery/media-detail?id=1764DA8859F1484995627D666CD5F6B7
   Google Scholar
• Frank AT , ZhaoB , JosePO , AzarKM , FortmannSP , PalaniappanLP. Racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia patterns. Circulation129(5), 570–579 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye J , RustG , BaltrusP , DanielsE. Cardiovascular risk factors among Asian Americans: results from a national health survey. Ann. Epidemiol.19(10), 718–723 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baigent C , BlackwellL , EmbersonJet al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet376(9753), 1670–1681 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Group L-TIWPIIDLS . Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. N. Engl. J. Med.339(19), 1349–1357 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Number of people with purchase in thousands by therapeutic class, United States, 1996 to 2020. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). www.ahrq.gov/data/meps.html
   Google Scholar
• ClinCalc.com . DrugStats Database: top 200 drugs of 2020. (2020). https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top200Drugs.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Wallach, O . The most prescribed drugs in the US (2021). www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-the-most-prescribed-drugs-in-the-u-s/
   Google Scholar
• Alrajeh K , RomanYM. The frequency of rs2231142 in ABCG2 among Asian subgroups: implications for personalized rosuvastatin dosing. Pharmacogenomics24(1), 15–26 (2023).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bytyci I , PensonPE , MikhailidisDPet al. Prevalence of statin intolerance: a meta-analysis. Eur. Heart J.43(34), 3213–3223 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiggins BS , BackesJM , HillemanD. Statin-associated muscle symptoms – a review: individualizing the approach to optimize care. Pharmacotherapy42(5), 428–438 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasternak RC , SmithSC , Bairey-MerzCN , GrundySM , CleemanJI , LenfantC. ACC/AHA/NHLBI Clinical Advisory on the use and safety of statins. Circulation106(8), 1024–1028 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd TT , JacobsonTA. Statin-induced myopathy: a review and update. Expert Opin. Drug Saf.10(3), 373–387 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenson RS , BakerSK , JacobsonTA , KopeckySL , ParkerBA. The National Lipid Association’s Muscle Safety Expert Panel. An assessment by the Statin Muscle Safety Task Force: 2014 update. J. Clin. Lipidol.8(Suppl. 3), S58–S71 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry NJ , BayeJF , FrearSet al. Progression of precision statin prescribing for reduction of statin-associated muscle symptoms. Pharmacogenomics23(10), 585–596 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhury R , KhanH , HeydonEet al. Adherence to cardiovascular therapy: a meta-analysis of prevalence and clinical consequences. Eur. Heart J.34(38), 2940–2948 (2013).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamelin BA , TurgeonJ. Hydrophilicity/lipophilicity: relevance for the pharmacology and clinical effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci.19(1), 26–37 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guan Z-W , WuK-R , LiRet al. Pharmacogenetics of statins treatment: efficacy and safety. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther.44(6), 858–867 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man . Solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1; SLCO1B1. www.omim.org/entry/604843
   Google Scholar
• Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man . Cytochrome P450, subfamily IIC, polypeptide 9; CYP2C9. www.omim.org/entry/601130?search=%22cyp2c9%20alleles%22&highlight=%22cyp2c9%20allele%22
   Google Scholar
• Kirchheiner J , BrockmöllerJ. Clinical consequences of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.77(1), 1–16 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham F , AllenJE , AllenJet al. Ensembl 2022. Nucleic Acids Res.50(D1), D988–d995 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmingham BK , BujacSR , ElsbyRet al. Impact of ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, atorvastatin and simvastatin acid in Caucasian and Asian subjects: a class effect? Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 71(3), 341–355 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The University of Hawaii Biorepository. http://uhbio.jabsom.hawaii.edu/Home.html
   Google Scholar
• Roman Y , TiirikainenM , Prom-WormleyE. The prevalence of the gout-associated polymorphism rs2231142 G>T in ABCG2 in a pregnant female Filipino cohort. Clin. Rheumatol.39(8), 2387–2392 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team . R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Rattanacheeworn P , ChamnanphonM , ThongthipSet al. SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms in a Thai population. Pharmacogenomics Pers. Med.13, 521–530 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y , LauschkeVM. The genetic landscape of major drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes-an updated analysis of population-scale sequencing data. Pharmacogenomics J.22(5-6), 284–293 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim E-Y , ChoD-Y , ShinH-Jet al. Duplex pyrosequencing assay of the 388A>G and 521T>C SLCO1B1 polymorphisms in three Asian populations. Clin Chim Acta.388(1-2), 68–72 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasanen MK , FredriksonH , NeuvonenPJ , NiemiM. Different effects of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.82(6), 726–733 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho WF , KooSH , YeeJY , LeeEJD. Genetic variations of the SLCO1B1 gene in the Chinese, Malay and Indian populations of Singapore. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet.23(6), 476–482 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishizato Y , IeiriI , SuzukiHet al. Polymorphisms of OATP-C (SLC21A6) and OAT3 (SLC22A8) genes: consequences for pravastatin pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.73(6), 554–565 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canestaro WJ , AustinMA , ThummelKE. Genetic factors affecting statin concentrations and subsequent myopathy: a HuGENet systematic review. Genet. Med.16(11), 810–819 (2014).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangkuhl K , Claudio-CamposK , CavallariLHet al. PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2C9. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.110(3), 662–676 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ustare LAT , ReyesKG , LasacMAG , BroditSEJr , BacligMO. Single nucleotide polymorphisms on CYP2C9 gene among Filipinos and its association with post-operative pain relief via COX-2 inhibitors. Int. J. Mol. Epidemiol. Genet.11(2), 31–38 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoon YR , ShonJH , KimMKet al. Frequency of cytochrome P450 2C9 mutant alleles in a Korean population. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.51(3), 277–280 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alazzeh O , RomanYM. The frequency of rs2231142 in ABCG2 among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander subgroups: implications for personalized rosuvastatin dosing. Pharmacogenomics24(3), 173–182 (2023).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luzum JA , TheuschE , TaylorKDet al. Individual and combined associations of genetic variants in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and SLCO1B1 with simvastatin and simvastatin acid plasma concentrations. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol.66(1), 80–85 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangravite LM , MedinaMW , CuiJet al. Combined influence of LDLR and HMGCR sequence variation on lipid-lowering response to simvastatin. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.30(7), 1485–1492 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman YM , Culhane-PeraKA , MenkJ , StrakaRJ. Assessment of genetic polymorphisms associated with hyperuricemia or gout in the Hmong. Per. Med.13(5), 429–440 (2016).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler F , AlghubayshiA , RomanY. The epidemiology and genetics of hyperuricemia and gout across major racial groups: a literature review and population genetics secondary database analysis. J. Pers. Med.11(3), 231 (2021).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y , LimH-H , YeeJ , YoonH-Y , GwakH-S. The association between ABCG2 421C>A (rs2231142) polymorphism and rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmaceutics14(3), 501 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey LB , GongL , LeeSBet al. PharmVar GeneFocus: SLCO1B1. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.113(4), 782–793 (2023).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huddart R , FohnerAE , Whirl-CarrilloMet al. Standardized biogeographic grouping system for annotating populations in pharmacogenetic research. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.105(5), 1256–1262 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster MW , SharpRR , MulvihillJJ. Pharmacogenetics, race, and ethnicity: social identities and individualized medical care. Ther. Drug Monit.23(3), 232–238 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen-Revollo JL , AumanJT , McleodHL. Race does not explain genetic heterogeneity in pharmacogenomic pathways. Pharmacogenomics9(11), 1639–1645 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burchard EG , ZivE , CoyleNet al. The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. N. Engl. J. Med.348(12), 1170–1175 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swen JJ , VanDer Wouden CH , MansonLEet al. A 12-gene pharmacogenetic panel to prevent adverse drug reactions: an open-label, multicentre, controlled, cluster-randomised crossover implementation study. Lancet401(10374), 347–356 (2023).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drozda K , WongS , PatelSRet al. Poor warfarin dose prediction with pharmacogenetic algorithms that exclude genotypes important for African Americans. Pharmacogenet. Genomics25(2), 73–81 (2015).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon NP , LinTY , RauJ , LoJC. Aggregation of Asian–American subgroups masks meaningful differences in health and health risks among Asian ethnicities: an electronic health record based cohort study. BMC Public Health19(1), 1551 (2019).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagar SD , ConleyAB , JordanIK. Population structure and pharmacogenomic risk stratification in the United States. BMC Biol.18(1), 140 (2020).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Food and Drug Administration . CRESTOR (rosuvastatin calcium) tablets. (2010). www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/021366s016lbl.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wiese CB , AgleZW , ZhangP , ReueK. Chromosomal and gonadal sex drive sex differences in lipids and hepatic gene expression in response to hypercholesterolemia and statin treatment. Biol Sex Differ.13(1), 63 (2022).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar