HLA-B*58:01 Allele is Associated with Augmented Risk for Both Mild and Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Induced by Allopurinol in Han Chinese

• Wortmann RL . Gout and hyperuricemia. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.14(3) , 281–286 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub RA . Clinical practice. Gout. N. Engl. J. Med.349(17) , 1647–1655 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roujeau JC , KellyJP, NaldiL et al. Medication use and the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. N. Engl. J. Med. 333(24) , 1600–1607 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halevy S , GhislainPD, MockenhauptM et al. Allopurinol is the most common cause of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Europe and Israel. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 58(1) , 25–32 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HY , LuoXQ, ChanLS, CaoZH, SunXF, XuJH. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a hospital-based Chinese population. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.36(2) , 135–141 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roujeau JC . Clinical heterogeneity of drug hypersensitivity. Toxicology209(2) , 123–129 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roujeau JC , SternRS. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N. Engl. J. Med.331(19) , 1272–1285 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bocquet H , BagotM, RoujeauJC. Drug-induced pseudolymphoma and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: DRESS). Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg.15(4) , 250–257 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiohara T , IijimaM, IkezawaZ, HashimotoK. The diagnosis of a DRESS syndrome has been sufficiently established on the basis of typical clinical features and viral reactivations. Br. J. Dermatol.156(5) , 1083–1084 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastuji-Garin S , RzanyB, SternRS, ShearNH, NaldiL, RoujeauJC. Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Arch. Dermatol.129(1) , 92–96 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tassaneeyakul W , JantararoungtongT, ChenP et al. Strong association between HLA-B*5801 and allopurinol-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Thai population. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 19(9) , 704–709 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung SI , ChungWH, LiouLB et al. HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.102(11) , 4134–4139 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaniwa N , SaitoY, AiharaM et al. HLA-B locus in Japanese patients with anti-epileptics and allopurinol-related Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Pharmacogenomics9(11) , 1617–1622 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonjou C , BorotN, SekulaP et al. A European study of HLA-B in Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 18(2) , 99–107 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang HR , JeeYK, KimYS et al.; Adverse Drug Reaction Research Group in Korea. Positive and negative associations of HLA class I alleles with allopurinol-induced SCARs in Koreans. Pharmacogenet. Genomics21(5) , 303–307 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somkrua R , EickmanEE, SaokaewS, LohitnavyM, ChaiyakunaprukN. Association of HLA-B*5801 allele and allopurinol-induced Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. Genet.12 , 118 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen J , ZhengH, BeiJX et al. Genetic structure of the Han Chinese population revealed by genome-wide SNP variation. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85(6) , 775–785 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung SI , ChungWH, JeeSH et al. Genetic susceptibility to carbamazepine-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 16(4) , 297–306 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldane JB . The estimation and significance of the logarithm of a ratio of frequencies. Ann. Hum. Genet.20(4) , 309–311 (1956).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley JA , McNeilBJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology143(1) , 29–36 (1982).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer HM , CurhanG. The association between gout and nephrolithiasis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994. Am. J. Kidney Dis.40(1) , 37–42 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung WH , HungSI, ChenYT. Human leukocyte antigens and drug hypersensitivity. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.7(4) , 317–323 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locharernkul C , LoplumlertJ, LimotaiC et al. Carbamazepine and phenytoin induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome is associated with HLA-B*1502 allele in Thai population. Epilepsia 49(12) , 2087–2091 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MH , StockerSL, AndersonJ et al. Initiating allopurinol therapy: do we need to know the patient‘s human leucocyte antigen status? Intern. Med. J. 42(4) , 411–416 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatanaga H , HondaH, OkaS. Pharmacogenetic information derived from analysis of HLA alleles. Pharmacogenomics9(2) , 207–214 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips EJ , MallalSA. Pharmacogenetics of drug hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenomics11(7) , 973–987 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung JW , SongWJ, KimYS et al. HLA-B58 can help the clinical decision on starting allopurinol in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant26(11) , 3567–3572 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chohan S , BeckerMA. Update on emerging urate-lowering therapies. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol.21(2) , 143–149 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hande KR , NooneRM, StoneWJ. Severe allopurinol toxicity. Description and guidelines for prevention in patients with renal insufficiency. Am. J. Med.76(1) , 47–56 (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vázquez-Mellado J , MoralesEM, Pacheco-TenaC, Burgos-VargasR. Relation between adverse events associated with allopurinol and renal function in patients with gout. Ann. Rheum. Dis.60(10) , 981–983 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmerson BT . The management of gout. N. Engl. J. Med.334(7) , 445–451 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton NR , EdmondsEV, FrancisND, BunkerCB, BowlingJC, MorarN. Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis due to lansoprazole. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.29(6) , 612–613 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson JA , WanskerBA. A case of contact dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.5(6) , 666–669 (1981).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstens J , WendelboeP, SogaardH, Thestrup-PedersenK. Toxic epidermal necrolysis and erythema multiforme following therapy with terbinafine. Acta. Derm. Venereol.74(5) , 91–92 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Hirahara K , KanoY, MitsuyamaY, TakahashiR, KimishimaM, ShioharaT. Differences in immunological alterations and underlying viral infections in two well-defined severe drug eruptions. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.35(8) , 863–868 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichler WJ . Pharmacological interaction of drugs with antigen-specific immune receptors: the p-i concept. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol.2(4) , 301–305 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichler WJ . Immune mechanism of drug hypersensitivity. Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am.24(3) , 373–397, v–vi (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichler WJ , AdamJ, DaubnerB, GentinettaT, KellerM, YerlyD. Drug hypersensitivity reactions: pathomechanism and clinical symptoms. Med. Clin. North. Am.94(4) , 645–664, xv (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kano Y , HiraharaK, MitsuyamaY, TakahashiR, ShioharaT. Utility of the lymphocyte transformation test in the diagnosis of drug sensitivity: dependence on its timing and the type of drug eruption. Allergy62(12) , 1439–1444 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

▪ Website

• dbMHC database. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
   Google Scholar