Serotonin Pathway Polymorphisms and the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and Anxiety Disorders

References

• Rush AJ , TrivediMH , WisniewskiSRet al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report . Am. J. Psychiatry163 ( 11 ), 1905 – 1917 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley SM , PagalilauanGL , SimpsonSA . Major depression . Med. Clin. North Am.98 ( 5 ), 981 – 1005 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler RC , ChiuWT , DemlerO , MerikangasKR , WaltersEE . Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication . Arch. Gen. Psychiatry62 ( 6 ), 617 – 627 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bespalov AY , Van GaalenMM , GrossG . Antidepressant treatment in anxiety disorders . Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci.2 , 361 – 390 ( 2010 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tiwari AK , SouzaRP , MullerDJ . Pharmacogenetics of anxiolytic drugs . J. Neural. Transm.116 ( 6 ), 667 – 677 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staddon S , ArranzMJ , MancamaD , MataI , KerwinRW . Clinical applications of pharmacogenetics in psychiatry . Psychopharmacology (Berl.)162 ( 1 ), 18 – 23 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinshilboum RM , WangL . Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics: development, science, and translation . Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet.7 , 223 – 245 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aklillu E , PerssonI , BertilssonL , JohanssonI , RodriguesF , Ingelman-SundbergM . Frequent distribution of ultrarapid metabolizers of debrisoquine in an ethiopian population carrying duplicated and multiduplicated functional CYP2D6 alleles . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.278 ( 1 ), 441 – 446 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaedigk A , NdjountcheL , DivakaranKet al. Cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6) gene locus heterogeneity: characterization of gene duplication events . Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.81 ( 2 ), 242 – 251 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertilsson L , DahlML , DalenP , Al-ShurbajiA . Molecular genetics of CYP2D6: clinical relevance with focus on psychotropic drugs . Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.53 ( 2 ), 111 – 122 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlier C , BrolyF , LhermitteM , PintoE , AnsseauM , PlomteuxG . Polymorphisms in the CYP 2D6 gene: association with plasma concentrations of fluoxetine and paroxetine . Ther. Drug. Monit.25 ( 6 ), 738 – 742 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veefkind AH , HaffmansPM , HoencampE . Venlafaxine serum levels and CYP2D6 genotype . Ther. Drug. Monit.22 ( 2 ), 202 – 208 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shams ME , ArnethB , HiemkeCet al. CYP2D6 polymorphism and clinical effect of the antidepressant venlafaxine . J. Clin. Pharm. Ther.31 ( 5 ), 493 – 502 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altar CA , HornbergerJ , ShewadeA , CruzV , GarrisonJ , MrazekD . Clinical validity of cytochrome P450 metabolism and serotonin gene variants in psychiatric pharmacotherapy . Int. Rev. Psychiatry25 ( 5 ), 509 – 533 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith DA , AbelSM , HylandR , JonesBC . Human cytochrome P450s: selectivity and measurement in vivo . Xenobiotica28 ( 12 ), 1095 – 1128 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith G , StubbinsMJ , HarriesLW , WolfCR . Molecular genetics of the human cytochrome P450 monooxygenase superfamily . Xenobiotica28 ( 12 ), 1129 – 1165 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudberg I , MohebiB , HermannM , RefsumH , MoldenE . Impact of the ultrarapid CYP2C19*17 allele on serum concentration of escitalopram in psychiatric patients . Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.83 ( 2 ), 322 – 327 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steimer W , ZopfK , Von AmelunxenSet al. Amitriptyline or not, that is the question: pharmacogenetic testing of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 identifies patients with low or high risk for side effects in amitriptyline therapy . Clin. Chem.51 ( 2 ), 376 – 385 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A , ZanardiR , CusinC , RossiniD , LorenziC , SmeraldiE . Tryptophan hydroxylase gene associated with paroxetine antidepressant activity . Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.11 ( 5 ), 375 – 380 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A , ZanardiR , RossiniD , CusinC , LilliR , SmeraldiE . Influence of tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin transporter genes on fluvoxamine antidepressant activity . Mol. Psychiatry6 ( 5 ), 586 – 592 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ham BJ , LeeBC , PaikJWet al. Association between the tryptophan hydroxylase-1 gene A218C polymorphism and citalopram antidepressant response in a Korean population . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry31 ( 1 ), 104 – 107 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias B , FabbriC , GressierFet al. TPH1, MAOA, serotonin receptor 2A and 2C genes in citalopram response: possible effect in melancholic and psychotic depression . Neuropsychobiology67 ( 1 ), 41 – 47 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ham BJ , LeeMS , LeeHJet al. No association between the tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism and major depressive disorders and antidepressant response in a Korean population . Psychiatr. Genet.15 ( 4 ), 299 – 301 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong CJ , ChenTJ , YuYW , TsaiSJ . Response to fluoxetine and serotonin 1A receptor (C-1019G) polymorphism in Taiwan Chinese major depressive disorder . Pharmacogenomics J.6 ( 1 ), 27 – 33 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato M , WakenoM , OkugawaGet al. No association of TPH1 218A/C polymorphism with treatment response and intolerance to SSRIs in Japanese patients with major depression . Neuropsychobiology56 ( 4 ), 167 – 171 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HC , YehTL , ChangHHet al. TPH1 is associated with major depressive disorder but not with SSRI/SNRI response in Taiwanese patients . Psychopharmacology (Berl.)213 ( 4 ), 773 – 779 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato M , SerrettiA . Review and meta-analysis of antidepressant pharmacogenetic findings in major depressive disorder . Mol. Psychiatry15 ( 5 ), 473 – 500 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X , HuangY , LiD , HanC , KanQ . Association between the TPH1 A218C polymorphism and antidepressant response: evidence from an updated ethnicity, antidepressant-specific, and ethnicity-antidepressant interaction meta-analysis . Psychiatr. Genet.25 ( 1 ), 1 – 8 ( 2014 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X , GainetdinovRR , BeaulieuJMet al. Loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression . Neuron45 ( 1 ), 11 – 16 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzvetkov MV , BrockmollerJ , RootsI , KirchheinerJ . Common genetic variations in human brain-specific tryptophan hydroxylase-2 and response to antidepressant treatment . Pharmacogenet. Genomics18 ( 6 ), 495 – 506 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters EJ , SlagerSL , McgrathPJ , KnowlesJA , HamiltonSP . Investigation of serotonin-related genes in antidepressant response . Mol. Psychiatry9 ( 9 ), 879 – 889 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai SJ , HongCJ , LiouYJet al. Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene is associated with major depression and antidepressant treatment response . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry33 ( 4 ), 637 – 641 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illi A , Setala-SoikkeliE , ViikkiMet al. 5-HTR1A, 5-HTR2A, 5-HTR6, TPH1 and TPH2 polymorphisms and major depression . Neuroreport20 ( 12 ), 1125 – 1128 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters EJ , SlagerSL , JenkinsGDet al. Resequencing of serotonin-related genes and association of tagging SNPs to citalopram response . Pharmacogenet. Genomics19 ( 1 ), 1 – 10 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabol SZ , HuS , HamerD . A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter . Hum. Genet.103 ( 3 ), 273 – 279 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzeng DS , ChienCC , LungFW , YangCY . MAOA gene polymorphisms and response to mirtazapine in major depression . Hum. Psychopharmacol.24 ( 4 ), 293 – 300 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domschke K , HohoffC , MortensenLSet al. Monoamine oxidase A variant influences antidepressant treatment response in female patients with major depression . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry32 ( 1 ), 224 – 228 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu YW , TsaiSJ , HongCJ , ChenTJ , ChenMC , YangCW . Association study of a monoamine oxidase a gene promoter polymorphism with major depressive disorder and antidepressant response . Neuropsychopharmacology30 ( 9 ), 1719 – 1723 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A , ZanardiR , FranchiniLet al. Pharmacogenetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor response: a 6-month follow-up . Pharmacogenetics14 ( 9 ), 607 – 613 ( 2004 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller DJ , SchulzeTG , MacciardiFet al. Moclobemide response in depressed patients: association study with a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A promoter . Pharmacopsychiatry35 ( 4 ), 157 – 158 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida K , NaitoS , TakahashiHet al. Monoamine oxidase: A gene polymorphism, tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphism and antidepressant response to fluvoxamine in Japanese patients with major depressive disorder . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry26 ( 7–8 ), 1279 – 1283 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida K , NaitoS , TakahashiHet al. Monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphism, 5-HT 2A receptor gene polymorphism and incidence of nausea induced by fluvoxamine . Neuropsychobiology48 ( 1 ), 10 – 13 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leuchter AF , MccrackenJT , HunterAM , CookIA , AlpertJE . Monoamine oxidase a and catechol-o-methyltransferase functional polymorphisms and the placebo response in major depressive disorder . J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.29 ( 4 ), 372 – 377 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadic A , MullerMJ , RujescuDet al. The MAOA T941G polymorphism and short-term treatment response to mirtazapine and paroxetine in major depression . Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet.144B ( 3 ), 325 – 331 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Z , ZhangZ , ShiYet al. Influence and interaction of genetic polymorphisms in catecholamine neurotransmitter systems and early life stress on antidepressant drug response . J. Effect. Disord.133 ( 1–2 ), 165 – 173 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias B , SerrettiA , LorenziC , GastoC , CatalanR , FananasL . Analysis of COMT gene (Val 158 Met polymorphism) in the clinical response to SSRIs in depressive patients of European origin . J. Effect. Disord.90 ( 2–3 ), 251 – 256 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachman HM , MorrowB , ShprintzenRet al. Association of codon 108/158 catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with the psychiatric manifestations of velo-cardio-facial syndrome . Am. J. Med. Genet.67 ( 5 ), 468 – 472 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlis RH , FijalB , AdamsDH , SuttonVK , TrivediMH , HoustonJP . Variation in catechol-O-methyltransferase is associated with duloxetine response in a clinical trial for major depressive disorder . Biol. Psychiatry65 ( 9 ), 785 – 791 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti F , ColomboC , PirovanoA , MarinoE , SmeraldiE . The catechol-O-methyltransferase Val(108/158)Met polymorphism affects antidepressant response to paroxetine in a naturalistic setting . Psychopharmacology (Berl.)203 ( 1 ), 155 – 160 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedetti F , DallaspeziaS , ColomboC , LorenziC , PirovanoA , SmeraldiE . Effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase Val(108/158)Met polymorphism on antidepressant efficacy of fluvoxamine . Eur. Psychiatry25 ( 8 ), 476 – 478 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szegedi A , RujescuD , TadicAet al. The catechol-O-methyltransferase Val108/158Met polymorphism affects short-term treatment response to mirtazapine, but not to paroxetine in major depression . Pharmacogenomics J.5 ( 1 ), 49 – 53 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai SJ , GauYT , HongCJ , LiouYJ , YuYW , ChenTJ . Sexually dimorphic effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism on clinical response to fluoxetine in major depressive patients . J. Effect. Disord.113 ( 1–2 ), 183 – 187 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baune BT , HohoffC , BergerKet al. Association of the COMT val158met variant with antidepressant treatment response in major depression . Neuropsychopharmacology33 ( 4 ), 924 – 932 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins SC , ReasnerDS , KoblanKS . Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype as modifier of superior responses to venlafaxine treatment in major depressive disorder . Psychiatry Res.208 ( 3 ), 285 – 287 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida K , HiguchiH , TakahashiHet al. Influence of the tyrosine hydroxylase val81met polymorphism and catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism on the antidepressant effect of milnacipran . Hum. Psychopharmacol.23 ( 2 ), 121 – 128 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa A , LiaL , AlbertiSet al. Lack of influence of rs4680 (COMT) and rs6276 (DRD2) on diagnosis and clinical outcomes in patients with major depression . Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Pract.18 ( 2 ), 97 – 102 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim W , ChoiYH , YoonKS , ChoDY , PaeCU , WooJM . Tryptophan hydroxylase and serotonin transporter gene polymorphism does not affect the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment outcome of panic disorder in the Korean population . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry30 ( 8 ), 1413 – 1418 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karayiorgou M , SobinC , BlundellMLet al. Family-based association studies support a sexually dimorphic effect of COMT and MAOA on genetic susceptibility to obsessive-compulsive disorder . Biol. Psychiatry45 ( 9 ), 1178 – 1189 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothe C , KoszyckiD , BradwejnJet al. Association of the Val158Met catechol O-methyltransferase genetic polymorphism with panic disorder . Neuropsychopharmacology31 ( 10 ), 2237 – 2242 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deckert J , CatalanoM , SyagailoYVet al. Excess of high activity monoamine oxidase A gene promoter alleles in female patients with panic disorder . Hum. Mol. Genet.8 ( 4 ), 621 – 624 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton SP , SlagerSL , HeimanGAet al. Evidence for a susceptibility locus for panic disorder near the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene on chromosome 22 . Biol. Psychiatry51 ( 7 ), 591 – 601 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domschke K , FreitagCM , KuhlenbaumerGet al. Association of the functional V158M catechol-O-methyl-transferase polymorphism with panic disorder in women . Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.7 ( 2 ), 183 – 188 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sand P , LeschKP , CatalanoMet al. Polymorphic MAO-A and 5-HT-transporter genes: analysis of interactions in panic disorder . World J. Biol. Psychiatry1 ( 3 ), 147 – 150 ( 2000 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Narasimhan S , AquinoTD , MultaniPK , RickelsK , LohoffFW . Variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and treatment response to venlafaxine XR in generalized anxiety disorder . Psychiatry Res.198 ( 1 ), 112 – 115 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesch KP , BengelD , HeilsAet al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region . Science274 ( 5292 ), 1527 – 1531 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohoff FW . Overview of the genetics of major depressive disorder . Curr. Psychiatry Rep.12 ( 6 ), 539 – 546 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smeraldi E , ZanardiR , BenedettiF , Di BellaD , PerezJ , CatalanoM . Polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene and antidepressant efficacy of fluvoxamine . Mol. Psychiatry3 ( 6 ), 508 – 511 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanardi R , BenedettiF , Di BellaD , CatalanoM , SmeraldiE . Efficacy of paroxetine in depression is influenced by a functional polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene . J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.20 ( 1 ), 105 – 107 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollock BG , FerrellRE , MulsantBHet al. Allelic variation in the serotonin transporter promoter affects onset of paroxetine treatment response in late-life depression . Neuropsychopharmacology23 ( 5 ), 587 – 590 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanardi R , SerrettiA , RossiniDet al. Factors affecting fluvoxamine antidepressant activity: influence of pindolol and 5-HTTLPR in delusional and nondelusional depression . Biol. Psychiatry50 ( 5 ), 323 – 330 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce PR , MulderRT , LutySEet al. Age-dependent antidepressant pharmacogenomics: polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and G protein beta3 subunit as predictors of response to fluoxetine and nortriptyline . Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.6 ( 4 ), 339 – 346 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlis RH , MischoulonD , SmollerJWet al. Serotonin transporter polymorphisms and adverse effects with fluoxetine treatment . Biol. Psychiatry54 ( 9 ), 879 – 883 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias B , CatalanR , GastoC , GutierrezB , FananasL . 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene predicts non-remission in major depression patients treated with citalopram in a 12-weeks follow up study . J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.23 ( 6 ), 563 – 567 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durham LK , WebbSM , MilosPM , ClaryCM , SeymourAB . The serotonin transporter polymorphism, 5HTTLPR, is associated with a faster response time to sertraline in an elderly population with major depressive disorder . Psychopharmacology (Berl.)174 ( 4 ), 525 – 529 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A , CusinC , RossiniD , ArtioliP , DotoliD , ZanardiR . Further evidence of a combined effect of SERTPR and TPH on SSRIs response in mood disorders . Am. J. Med. Genet. B NeuroPsychiatr. Genet.129B ( 1 ), 36 – 40 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkie MJ , SmithG , DayRKet al. Polymorphisms in the SLC6A4 and HTR2A genes influence treatment outcome following antidepressant therapy . Pharmacogenomics J.9 ( 1 ), 61 – 70 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mrazek DA , RushAJ , BiernackaJMet al. SLC6A4 variation and citalopram response . Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet.150B ( 3 ), 341 – 351 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huezo-Diaz P , UherR , SmithRet al. Moderation of antidepressant response by the serotonin transporter gene . Br. J. Psychiatry195 ( 1 ), 30 – 38 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits KM , SmitsLJ , SchoutenJS , PeetersFP , PrinsMH . Does pretreatment testing for serotonin transporter polymorphisms lead to earlier effects of drug treatment in patients with major depression? A decision-analytic model . Clin. Ther.29 ( 4 ), 691 – 702 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronenberg S , ApterA , BrentDet al. Serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and citalopram effectiveness and side effects in children with depression and/or anxiety disorders . J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol.17 ( 6 ), 741 – 750 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy GM , Jr. , HollanderSB , RodriguesHE , KremerC , SchatzbergAF . Effects of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism on mirtazapine and paroxetine efficacy and adverse events in geriatric major depression . Arch. Gen. Psychiatry61 ( 11 ), 1163 – 1169 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiroma PR , DrewsMS , GeskeJR , MrazekDA . SLC6A4 polymorphisms and age of onset in late-life depression on treatment outcomes with citalopram: a Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) report . Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry22 ( 11 ), 1140 – 1148 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A , KatoM , De RonchiD , KinoshitaT . Meta-analysis of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) association with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor efficacy in depressed patients . Mol. Psychiatry12 ( 3 ), 247 – 257 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bousman CA , SarrisJ , WonESet al. Escitalopram efficacy in depression: a cross-ethnicity examination of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism . J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.34 ( 5 ), 645 – 648 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng C , SarrisJ , SinghAet al. Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms and response to escitalopram and venlafaxine over 8 weeks in major depression . Hum. Psychopharmacol.28 ( 5 ), 516 – 522 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlovic D , KarlovicD . Serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors – do we have sufficient evidence for clinical practice . Acta Clin. Croat.52 ( 3 ), 353 – 362 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porcelli S , FabbriC , SerrettiA . Meta-analysis of serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) association with antidepressant efficacy . Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.22 ( 4 ), 239 – 258 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minov C , BaghaiTC , SchuleCet al. Serotonin-2A-receptor and -transporter polymorphisms: lack of association in patients with major depression . Neurosci. Lett.303 ( 2 ), 119 – 122 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchheiner J , NickchenK , SasseJ , BauerM , RootsI , BrockmollerJ . A 40-basepair VNTR polymorphism in the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene and the rapid response to antidepressant treatment . Pharmacogenomics J.7 ( 1 ), 48 – 55 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan O , YukselN , ErgunMAet al. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and sertraline response in major depression patients . Genet. Test.12 ( 2 ), 225 – 231 ( 2008 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ito K , YoshidaK , SatoKet al. A variable number of tandem repeats in the serotonin transporter gene does not affect the antidepressant response to fluvoxamine . Psychiatry Res.111 ( 2–3 ), 235 – 239 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida K , TakahashiH , HiguchiHet al. Prediction of antidepressant response to milnacipran by norepinephrine transporter gene polymorphisms . Am. J. Psychiatry161 ( 9 ), 1575 – 1580 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor MJ , SenS , BhagwagarZ . Antidepressant response and the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region . Biol. Psychiatry68 ( 6 ), 536 – 543 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida K , ItoK , SatoKet al. Influence of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region on the antidepressant response to fluvoxamine in Japanese depressed patients . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry26 ( 2 ), 383 – 386 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DK , LimSW , LeeSet al. Serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and antidepressant response . Neuroreport11 ( 1 ), 215 – 219 ( 2000 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim H , LimSW , KimSet al. Monoamine transporter gene polymorphisms and antidepressant response in koreans with late-life depression . JAMA296 ( 13 ), 1609 – 1618 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang RH , WongML , ChoiMJ , PaikJW , LeeMS . Association study of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and mirtazapine antidepressant response in major depressive disorder . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry31 ( 6 ), 1317 – 1321 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu XZ , RushAJ , CharneyDet al. Association between a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism and citalopram treatment in adult outpatients with major depression . Arch. Gen. Psychiatry64 ( 7 ), 783 – 792 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putzhammer A , SchoelerA , RohrmeierT , SandP , HajakG , EichhammerP . Evidence of a role for the 5-HTTLPR genotype in the modulation of motor response to antidepressant treatment . Psychopharmacology (Berl.)178 ( 2–3 ), 303 – 308 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kraft JB , SlagerSL , McgrathPJ , HamiltonSP . Sequence analysis of the serotonin transporter and associations with antidepressant response . Biol. Psychiatry58 ( 5 ), 374 – 381 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits KM , SmitsLJ , SchoutenJS , StelmaFF , NelemansP , PrinsMH . Influence of SERTPR and STin2 in the serotonin transporter gene on the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression: a systematic review . Mol. Psychiatry9 ( 5 ), 433 – 441 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popp J , LeuchtS , HeresS , SteimerW . Serotonin transporter polymorphisms and side effects in antidepressant therapy – a pilot study . Pharmacogenomics7 ( 2 ), 159 – 166 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits K , SmitsL , PeetersFet al. Serotonin transporter polymorphisms and the occurrence of adverse events during treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors . Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol.22 ( 3 ), 137 – 143 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H , YoshidaK , ItoKet al. No association between the serotonergic polymorphisms and incidence of nausea induced by fluvoxamine treatment . Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.12 ( 5 ), 477 – 481 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein MB , SeedatS , GelernterJ . Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism predicts SSRI response in generalized social anxiety disorder . Psychopharmacology (Berl.)187 ( 1 ), 68 – 72 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perna G , FavaronE , Di BellaD , BussiR , BellodiL . Antipanic efficacy of paroxetine and polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene . Neuropsychopharmacology30 ( 12 ), 2230 – 2235 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denys D , Van NieuwerburghF , DeforceD , WestenbergHG . Prediction of response to paroxetine and venlafaxine by serotonin-related genes in obsessive-compulsive disorder in a randomized, double-blind trial . J. Clin. Psychiatry68 ( 5 ), 747 – 753 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcdougle CJ , EppersonCN , PriceLH , GelernterJ . Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between serotonin transporter protein gene (SLC6A4) and obsessive compulsive disorder . Mol. Psychiatry3 ( 3 ), 270 – 273 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billett EA , RichterMA , KingN , HeilsA , LeschKP , KennedyJL . Obsessive compulsive disorder, response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin transporter gene . Mol. Psychiatry2 ( 5 ), 403 – 406 ( 1997 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Bella D , ErzegovesiS , CavalliniMC , BellodiL . Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and treatment response . Pharmacogenomics J.2 ( 3 ), 176 – 181 ( 2002 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang L , LiuX , LiT , YangY , HuX , CollierD . [Molecular pharmacogenetic studies of drug responses to obsessive-compulsive disorder and six functional genes] . Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi21 ( 5 ), 479 – 481 ( 2004 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lenze EJ , GoateAM , NowotnyPet al. Relation of serotonin transporter genetic variation to efficacy of escitalopram for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults . J. Clin. Psychopharmacol.30 ( 6 ), 672 – 677 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohoff FW , NarasimhanS , RickelsK . Interaction between polymorphisms in serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) and serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) genes predict treatment response to venlafaxine XR in generalized anxiety disorder . Pharmacogenomics J.13 ( 5 ), 464 – 469 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias B , CatalanR , GastoC , GutierrezB , FananasL . Evidence for a combined genetic effect of the 5-HT(1A) receptor and serotonin transporter genes in the clinical outcome of major depressive patients treated with citalopram . J. Psychopharmacol.19 ( 2 ), 166 – 172 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato M , FukudaT , WakenoMet al. Effect of 5-HT1A gene polymorphisms on antidepressant response in major depressive disorder . Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet.150B ( 1 ), 115 – 123 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsey RV , OlvetDM , OquendoMA , HuangYY , OgdenRT , MannJJ . Higher 5-HT1A receptor binding potential during a major depressive episode predicts poor treatment response: preliminary data from a naturalistic study . Neuropsychopharmacology31 ( 8 ), 1745 – 1749 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A , ArtioliP , LorenziC , PirovanoA , TubazioV , ZanardiR . The C(-1019)G polymorphism of the 5-HT1A gene promoter and antidepressant response in mood disorders: preliminary findings . Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.7 ( 4 ), 453 – 460 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemonde S , DuL , BakishD , HrdinaP , AlbertPR . Association of the C(-1019)G 5-HT1A functional promoter polymorphism with antidepressant response . Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.7 ( 4 ), 501 – 506 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serretti A , FabbriC , PellegriniSet al. No effect of serotoninergic gene variants on response to interpersonal counseling and antidepressants in major depression . Psychiatr. Invest.10 ( 2 ), 180 – 189 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki Y , SawamuraK , SomeyaT . The effects of a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor gene polymorphism on the clinical response to fluvoxamine in depressed patients . Pharmacogenomics J.4 ( 4 ), 283 – 286 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin GM , BowlesTM , EhretMJet al. Assessment of human serotonin 1A receptor polymorphisms and SSRI responsiveness . Mol. Diagn. Ther.11 ( 3 ), 155 – 160 ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu YW , TsaiSJ , LiouYJ , HongCJ , ChenTJ . Association study of two serotonin 1A receptor gene polymorphisms and fluoxetine treatment response in Chinese major depressive disorders . Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.16 ( 7 ), 498 – 503 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi MJ , KangRH , HamBJ , JeongHY , LeeMS . Serotonin receptor 2A gene polymorphism (-1438A/G) and short-term treatment response to citalopram . Neuropsychobiology52 ( 3 ), 155 – 162 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato M , FukudaT , WakenoMet al. Effects of the serotonin type 2A, 3A and 3B receptor and the serotonin transporter genes on paroxetine and fluvoxamine efficacy and adverse drug reactions in depressed Japanese patients . Neuropsychobiology53 ( 4 ), 186 – 195 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cusin C , SerrettiA , ZanardiRet al. Influence of monoamine oxidase A and serotonin receptor 2A polymorphisms in SSRI antidepressant activity . Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.5 ( 1 ), 27 – 35 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spurlock G , HeilsA , HolmansPet al. A family based association study of T102C polymorphism in 5HT2A and schizophrenia plus identification of new polymorphisms in the promoter . Mol. Psychiatry3 ( 1 ), 42 – 49 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy GM , Jr. , KremerC , RodriguesHE , SchatzbergAF . Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant medication intolerance . Am. J. Psychiatry160 ( 10 ), 1830 – 1835 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki Y , SawamuraK , SomeyaT . Polymorphisms in the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor and CytochromeP4502D6 genes synergistically predict fluvoxamine-induced side effects in japanese depressed patients . Neuropsychopharmacology31 ( 4 ), 825 – 831 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop JR , MolineJ , EllingrodVL , SchultzSK , ClaytonAH . Serotonin 2A -1438 G/A and G-protein Beta3 subunit C825T polymorphisms in patients with depression and SSRI-associated sexual side-effects . Neuropsychopharmacology31 ( 10 ), 2281 – 2288 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcmahon FJ , BuervenichS , CharneyDet al. Variation in the gene encoding the serotonin 2A receptor is associated with outcome of antidepressant treatment . Am. J. Hum. Genet.78 ( 5 ), 804 – 814 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horstmann S , LucaeS , MenkeAet al. Polymorphisms in GRIK4, HTR2A, and FKBP5 show interactive effects in predicting remission to antidepressant treatment . Neuropsychopharmacology35 ( 3 ), 727 – 740 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucae S , IsingM , HorstmannSet al. HTR2A gene variation is involved in antidepressant treatment response . Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.20 ( 1 ), 65 – 68 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka M , KobayashiD , MurakamiYet al. Genetic polymorphisms in the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3B receptor gene and paroxetine-induced nausea . Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.11 ( 2 ), 261 – 267 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugai T , SuzukiY , SawamuraK , FukuiN , InoueY , SomeyaT . The effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3A and 3B receptor genes on nausea induced by paroxetine . Pharmacogenomics J.6 ( 5 ), 351 – 356 ( 2006 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SH , LeeKJ , LeeHJ , HamBJ , RyuSH , LeeMS . Association between the 5-HT6 receptor C267T polymorphism and response to antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder . Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci.59 ( 2 ), 140 – 145 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu WH , HuoSJ , ChengCY , HongCJ , TsaiSJ . Association study of the 5-HT(6) receptor polymorphism (C267T) and symptomatology and antidepressant response in major depressive disorders . Neuropsychobiology44 ( 4 ), 172 – 175 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niitsu T , FabbriC , BentiniF , SerrettiA . Pharmacogenetics in major depression: a comprehensive meta-analysis . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol.45 , 183 – 194 ( 2013 ).
   Google Scholar
• Tot S , ErdalME , YaziciK , YaziciAE , MetinO . T102C and -1438 G/A polymorphisms of the 5-HT2A receptor gene in Turkish patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder . Eur. Psychiatry18 ( 5 ), 249 – 254 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohoff FW , AquinoTD , NarasimhanS , MultaniPK , EtemadB , RickelsK . Serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) gene polymorphism predicts treatment response to venlafaxine XR in generalized anxiety disorder . Pharmacogenomics J.13 ( 1 ), 21 – 26 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frueh FW , AmurS , MummaneniPet al. Pharmacogenomic biomarker information in drug labels approved by the United States food and drug administration: prevalence of related drug use . Pharmacotherapy28 ( 8 ), 992 – 998 ( 2008 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winner JG , CarhartJM , AltarCA , AllenJD , DechairoBM . A prospective, randomized, double-blind study assessing the clinical impact of integrated pharmacogenomic testing for major depressive disorder . Discov. Med.16 ( 89 ), 219 – 227 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall-Flavin DK , WinnerJG , AllenJDet al. Utility of integrated pharmacogenomic testing to support the treatment of major depressive disorder in a psychiatric outpatient setting . Pharmacogenet. Genomics23 ( 10 ), 535 – 548 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winner J , AllenJD , AltarCA , Spahic-MihajlovicA . Psychiatric pharmacogenomics predicts health resource utilization of outpatients with anxiety and depression . Translat. Psychiatry3 , e242 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uher R , Huezo-DiazP , PerroudNet al. Genetic predictors of response to antidepressants in the GENDEP project . Pharmacogenomics J.9 ( 4 ), 225 – 233 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loonen AJ , StahlSM . Functional psychopharmacology is the way to go in pharmacotherapy for psychiatric disorders . Acta Psychiatr. Scandin.122 ( 6 ), 435 – 437 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garriock HA , KraftJB , ShynSIet al. A genomewide association study of citalopram response in major depressive disorder . Biol. Psychiatry67 ( 2 ), 133 – 138 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ising M , LucaeS , BinderEBet al. A genomewide association study points to multiple loci that predict antidepressant drug treatment outcome in depression . Arch. Gen. Psychiatry66 ( 9 ), 966 – 975 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uher R , PerroudN , NgMYet al. Genome-wide pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response in the GENDEP project . Am. J. Psychiatry167 ( 5 ), 555 – 564 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar