The Moderating and Covarying Effects of Social Support and Pain Intensity On Depressive Symptomology Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Older Adults

References

• Fitzcharles M , LussierD , ShirY . Management of chronic arthritis pain in the elderly . Drug Aging27 , 471 – 490 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdulla A , AdamsN , BoneMet al. Guidance on the management of pain in older people . Age Aging.4 ( Suppl. 1 ), i1 – i57 ( 2013 ).
   Google Scholar
• American Geriatrics Society (AGS) , Panel on the pharmacological management of persistent pain . Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.57 , 1331 – 1346 ( 2009 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole BE . Pain management: classifying, understanding, and treating pain (2002) . http://209.85.165.104/search?q=cache:b5e4GpcazhcJ:www.turner-white.com/pdf/hp_jun02_pain.pdf+cole+%22+pain+management%22+classifying&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us
   Google Scholar
• Herr K . Chronic pain: challenges and assessment strategies . J. Gerontol. Nurs.28 ( 1 ), 20 – 27 ( 2002 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takai Y , Yamamoto-MitaniN , OkamotoYet al. Literature review of pain prevalence among older residents of nursing homes . Pain Manag. Nurs.11 ( 4 ), 209 – 223 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO . The Burden of Musculoskeletal Conditions at the Start of the New Millennium: Report of a WHO Scientific Group.WHO , Geneva, Switzerland ( 2003 ).
   Google Scholar
• Woolf AD , ErwinJ , MarchL . The need to address the burden of musculoskeletal conditions . Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol.26 ( 2 ), 183 – 224 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiwaki Y , MichikawaT , YamadaMet al. Knee pain and future self-reliance in older adults: evidence from a community based 3-year cohort study in Japan . J. Epidemiol.21 ( 3 ), 184 – 190 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannoni A , BrigantiM , Di BariMet al. Epidemiological profile of symptomatic osteoarthritis in older adults: a population-based study in Dicomano, Italy . Ann. Rheum. Dis.64 , 576 – 578 ( 2003 ).
   Google Scholar
• McCaffrey R , FreemanE . Effect of music on chronic osteoarthritis pain in older people . J. Adv. Nurs.44 ( 5 ), 517 – 534 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobsson ULF , HallbergIR . Pain and quality of life among older people with rheumatoid arthritis and/or osteoarthritis: a literature review . J. Clin. Nurs.11 ( 4 ), 430 – 443 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott EL , KroenkeK , WuJet al. Beneficial effects of improvement in depression, pain catastrophizing, and anxiety on pain outcomes: a 12-month longitudinal analysis . J. Pain17 ( 2 ), 215 – 222 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Lopez A , GonzálezJL , Alonso-FernándezMet al. Pain and symptoms of depression in older adults living in community and nursing homes: the role of activity restriction as a potential mediator and moderator . Int. Psychogeriatr.26 , 1679 – 1691 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi NG , SnowL , KunikME . Pain severity, interference, and prescription analgesic use among depressed low-income homebound older adults . Aging Ment. Health20 ( 8 ), 804 – 813 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggermont L , PenninxB , JonesRet al. Depressive symptoms, chronic pain, and falls in older community-dwelling adults: the MOBILIZE Boston study . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.60 , 230 – 237 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Korff M , SimonG . The relationship between pain and depression . Br. Psychiatry Suppl.30 , 101 – 108 ( 1996 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mantyselka PT , TurunenJH , AhonenRSet al. Chronic pain and poor self-rated health . JAMA290 ( 18 ), 2435 – 2442 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oster G , HardingG , DukesEet al. Pain, medication use, health-related quality of life in older persons with postherpetic neuralgia: results from a population-based survey . J. Pain6 ( 6 ), 356 – 363 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silkey B , PreskornS , GoldbeckAet al. Complexity of medication use in the veteran’s affairs healthcare system: part II. Antidepressant use among younger and older outpatients . J. Psychiatr. Pract.11 ( 1 ), 16 – 25 ( 2005 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenberg J , BurnsJ . Pain anxiety among chronic pain patients: specific phobia or manifestation of anxiety sensitivity . Behav. Res. Ther.41 , 223 – 240 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher TL , BurnetDL , HuangESet al. Cultural leverage: interventions using culture to narrow racial disparities in health care . Med. Care. Res. Rev.64 , 243S – 282S ( 2007 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of Management and Budget . Revision to the standard for classification of federal data on race and ethnicity . www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg_1997standards
   Google Scholar
• Park J , ManotasK , HooymanN . Chronic pain management by ethnically and racially diverse older adults: pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain therapies . Pain Manag.3 , 435 – 454 ( 2013 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diefenbeck C , MichalecB , AlexanderR . Live experiences of racially and ethnically underrepresented minority BSN students: a case study specifically exploring issues related to recruitment and retention . Nurs. Educ. Perspect.37 ( 1 ), 41 – 44 ( 2016 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nguyen M , UgarteC , FullerIet al. Access to care for chronic pain: racial and ethnic differences . J. Pain6 ( 5 ), 301 – 314 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollingshead NA , Ashburn-NardoL , StewartJCet al. The pain experience of Hispanic Americans: a critical literature review and conceptual model . J. Pain7 ( 5 ), 513 – 528 ( 2016 ).
   Google Scholar
• Shavers VL , BakosA , SheppardVB . Race, ethnicity, and pain among the U.S. adult population . J. Health Care Poor Underserved21 ( 1 ), 177 – 220 ( 2010 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brennan F , CarrD , CousinsM . Pain management: a fundamental human right . Pain Med.105 , 205 – 221 ( 2007 ).
   Google Scholar
• Park J , EngstromG , TappenRet al. Health-related quality of life and pain intensity among ethnically diverse community-dwelling older adults . Pain Manag. Nurs.16 ( 5 ), 733 – 742 ( 2015 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolen J , SchiebL , HootmanJet al. Differences in the prevalence and impact of arthritis among racial/ethnic groups in the United States, National Health Interview Survey, 2003, and 2006 . Pub. Health Res. Prac. Policy.7 ( 3 ), 1 – 5 ( 2010 ).
   Google Scholar
• Ware JE , KosinskiM . Interpreting SF-36 summary health measure: a response . Qual. Life Res.10 , 405 – 413 ( 2001 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittink H , TurkD , CarrDet al. Comparison of the redundancy, reliability, and responsiveness to change among SF-36, Oswestry Disability Index, and Multidimensional Pain Inventory . Clin. J. Pain20 ( 3 ), 133 – 142 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park J , HirzCE , ManotasKet al. Nonpharmacological pain management by ethnically diverse older adults with chronic pain: barriers and facilitators . J. Gerontol. Soc. Work56 , 487 – 508 ( 2013 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park J , LavinR , CouturierB . Choice of nonpharmacological pain therapies by ethnically diverse older adults . Pain Manag.4 ( 6 ), 389 – 406 ( 2014 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gellis ZD . Kin and nonkin social supports in a community sample of Vietnamese immigrants . Soc. Work.48 , 248 – 258 ( 2003 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam BT , CervantesAR , LeeWK . Late-life depression, social support, instrumental activities of daily living, and utilization of in-home and community-based services in older adults . J. Hum. Behav. Soc. Environ.24 , 499 – 412 ( 2014 ).
   Google Scholar
• Feldman SI , DowneyG , Schaffer-NeitzR . Pain, negative mood, and perceived support in chronic pain patients: a daily diary study of people with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol.67 , 776 – 785 ( 1999 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamison RN , VirtsKL . The influence of family support on chronic pain . Behav. Res. Ther.28 , 283 – 287 ( 1990 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida J , SubramanianS , KawachiIet al. Is blood thicker than water? Social support, depression and the modifying role of ethnicity/nativity status . J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health65 , 51 – 56 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung J , KhalsaHK . The relationship of daily hassles, social support, and coping to depression in black and white students . J. Soc. Psychol.116 , 407 – 417 ( 1989 ).
   Google Scholar
• Vega WA , AmaroH . Latino outlook: good health, uncertain prognosis . Annu. Rev. Publ. Health15 , 39 – 67 ( 1994 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paredes TF , CanavarroMC , SimõesMR . Social support and adjustment in patients with sarcoma: the moderator effect of the disease phase . J. Psychosoc. Oncol.30 , 402 – 425 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho S , ZuninID , ChaoPJ . Effects of pain controllability and discrepancy in social support on depressed mood among patients with chronic pain . Int. J. Behav. Med.19 , 270 – 279 ( 2012 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen MP , EhdeDM , HoffmanAJ . Cognitions, coping, and social environment predict adjustment to phantom limb pain . Pain95 , 133 – 142 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walen HR , LachmanME . Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood . J. Soc. Pers. Relat.17 ( 1 ), 5 – 30 ( 2000 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H , Morrow-HowellN , ProctorEet al. Social support resources and post-acute recovery for older adults with major depression . Community Ment. Hlt. J.49 , 419 – 426 ( 2013 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtzman S , NewthS , DelongisA . The role of social support in coping with daily pain among patients with rheumatoid arthritis . J. Health Psychol.9 , 677 – 695 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evers A , KraaimaatF , GeenenRet al. Psychosocial predictors of functional change in recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patient . Behav. Res. Ther.36 , 179 – 193 ( 1998 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JE , KahanaB , KahanaE . Social support and cognitive functioning as resources for elderly persons with chronic arthritis pain . Aging Ment. Health20 , 370 – 379 ( 2016 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein MF , FolsteinSE , McHughPR . Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the children . J. Psychiat. Res.12 ( 3 ), 189 – 198 ( 1975 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lara-Munoz C , De LeonSP , FeinsteinARet al. Comparison of three rating scales for measuring subjective phenomena in clinical research: use of experimentally controlled auditory stimuli . Arch. Med. Res.35 , 43 – 48 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff LS . The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population . Appl. Psych. Meas.1 , 385 – 401 ( 1977 ).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand C , LawM , McCollMet al. An examination of social support influences on participation for older adults with chronic health conditions . Disabil. Rehabil.36 , 1439 – 1444 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haringsma R , EngelsGI , BeekmanATFet al. The criterion validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in a sample of self-referred elders with depressive symptomatology . Int. J. Geriatr. Psych.19 , 558 – 563 ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark CH , MahoneyJS , ClarkDJet al. Screening for depression in a hepatitis C population: the reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) . J. Adv. Nurs.40 , 361 – 369 ( 2002 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn PM , SeeleyJR , RobertsREet al. Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) as a screening instrument for depression among community-residing older adults . Psychol. Aging12 , 277 – 287 ( 1997 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geisser ME , RothRS , RobinsonME . Assessing depression among persons with chronic pain using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory: a comparative analysis . Clin. J. Pain13 , 163 – 170 ( 1997 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell PH , PowellL , BlumenthalJet al. A short social support measure for patients recovering from myocardial infraction: the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory . J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil.23 , 398 – 403 ( 2003 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edwards AE . Experimental Design in Psychological Research (Rev. Ed.).Rinehart , New York, NY, USA ( 1960 ).
   Google Scholar
• Newman I , NewmanC , BrownRet al. Conceptual Statistics for Beginners (3rd Edition). University Press of America , Lanham, MD, USA ( 2006 ).
   Google Scholar
• Jang Y , ParkN , KangSet al. Racial/ethnic differences in the association between symptoms of depression and self-rated mental health among older adults . Community Ment. Health J.50 , 325 – 330 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han B , GfroererJC , ColpeLJet al. Serious psychological distress and mental health service use among community-dwelling older U.S. adults . Psychiat. Serv.62 , 291 – 298 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sue DW , SueD . Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice (4th Edition).Wiley & Sons , New York, NY, USA ( 2002 ).
   Google Scholar
• Rastogi M , Massey-HastingsN , WielingE . Barriers to seeking mental health services in the Latino/a community: a qualitative analysis . J. Systematic Therapies31 ( 4 ), 1 – 17 ( 2012 ).
   Google Scholar
• Cabassa LJ , LesterR , ZayasLH . It’s like being in a labyrinth: Hispanic immigrants’ perceptions of depression and attitudes toward treatments . J. Immigrant Health.9 , 1 – 16 ( 2007 ).
   Google Scholar
• Portenoy ARK , UgarteC , FullerI , HassG . Population-based survey of pain in the United States: differences among white, African American, and Hispanic subjects . J. Pain5 ( 6 ), 317 – 328 . ( 2004 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker TA , GreenCR . Intrarace differences among black and white Americans presenting for chronic pain management: the influence of age, physical health, and psychosocial factors . Pain Med.6 ( 1 ), 29 – 38 ( 2005 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringdal GI , RingdalK , Jordh⊘yMSet al. Does social support from family and friends work as a buffer against reactions to stressful life events such as terminal cancer? Palliat. Support Care 5 , 61 – 69 ( 2007 ).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thoits PA . Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health . J. Health Soc. Behav.52 ( 2 ), 145 – 161 ( 2011 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S , WillsTA . Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis . Psychol. Bull.98 , 310 – 357 ( 1985 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Lopez A , GonzálezJL , Alonso-FernándezMet al. Pain and symptoms of depression in older adults living in community and nursing homes: the role of activity restriction as a potential mediator and moderator . Int. Psychogeriatr.26 , 1679 – 1691 ( 2014 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInnis-Dittrich K . Social Work With Older Adults: Advancing Core Competencies (4th Edition).Pearson , Boston, MA, USA ( 2013 ).
   Google Scholar
• Williams DR . Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status: measurement and methodological issues . Int. J. Health Serv.26 , 483 – 505 ( 1996 ).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar