References
- Christo PJ , MazloomdoostD. Cancer pain and analgesia. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.1138 , 278–298 (2008).
- Bannwarth B . Risk-benefit assessment of opioids in chronic noncancer pain. Drug Saf.21(4) , 283–296 (1999).
- Kumar K , KellyM, PirlotT. Continuous intrathecal morphine treatment for chronic pain of nonmalignant etiology: long-term benefits and efficacy. Surg. Neurol.55(2) , 79–86 (2001).
- Smith HS , DeerTR, StaatsPS, SinghV, SehgalN, CordnerH. Intrathecal drug delivery. Pain Physician11(2 Suppl.) , S89–S104 (2008).
- Wallace MS , KosekPS, StaatsP, FisherR, SchultzDM, LeongM. Phase II, open-label, multicenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of ziconotide in patients receiving intrathecal morphine for severe chronic pain. Pain Med.9(3) , 271–281 (2008).
- Webster LR , FakataKL, CharapataS, FisherR, MineHartM. Open-label, mulitcenter study of combined intrathecal morphine and ziconotide: addition of morphine in patients receiving ziconotide for severe chronic pain. Pain Med.9(3) , 282–290 (2008).
- Alicino I , GiglioM, MancaF, BrunoF, PuntilloF. Intrathecal combination of ziconotide and morphine for refractory cancer pain: a rapidly acting and effective choice. Pain153(1) , 245–249 (2012).
- Wermeling D . Ziconotide, an intrathecally administered N-type calcium channel antagonist for the treatment of chronic pain. Pharmacotherapy25(8) , 1084–1094 (2005).
- Staats PS , YearwoodT, CharapataSG et al. Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer of AIDS: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 291(1) , 63–70 (2004).
- Deer TR , PragerJ, LevyR et al. Poly-analgesic Consensus Conference 2012: recommendations for the management of pain by intrathecal (intraspinal) drug delivery: report of an interdisciplinary expert panel. Neuromodulation 15(5) , 436–466 (2012).
- Deer TR , PragerJ, LevyR et al. Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference-2012: recommendations on trialing for intrathecal (intraspinal) drug delivery: report of an interdisciplinary expert panel. Neuromodulation 15(5) , 420–435 (2012).
- Rosenblum SM . A randomized, multidose, double-blind study to evaluate the analgesic response and safety of ziconotide intrathecal bolus injection in patients with severe chronic pain. Presented at: North American Neuromodulation Society Meeting. Las Vegas, NV, USA, December 2007 (Absract).
- Okano D , AkbikH, ZolletR, KhanM, MunirM. Single-shot intrathecal ziconotide to predict its pump infusion effect. Presented at: The 24th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Orlando, FL, USA, 13–16 February 2008 (Abstract 162).
- Burton AW , DeerT, WallaceMS, RauckRL, GrigsbyE. Considerations and methodology for trialing ziconotide. Pain Physician13 , 23–33 (2010).
- Rauck RL , WallaceMS, LeongMS et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain. J. Pain Symptom Manage. 31(5) , 393–406 (2006).
- Wallace MS , RauckRL, FisherR, CharapataSG, EllisD, DissanayakeS. Intrathecal ziconotide for severe chronic pain: safety and tolerability results of an open-label, long-term trial. Anesth. Analg.106 , 628–637 (2008).
- Dupoiron D , BoreF, Lefebvre-KuntzD et al. Ziconotide adverse events in patients with cancer pain: a multicenter observational study of a slow titration, multidrug protocol. Pain Physician 15(5) , 395–403 (2012).