GEOGRAPHIC ACCESS TO JOB OPPORTUNITIES AND LABOR-FORCE PARTICIPATION AMONG WOMEN AND AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE GREATER BOSTON METROPOLITAN AREA

References

• Agresti, A., 1984, Analysis of Ordinal Categorical Data. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Agresti, A., 1990, Categorical Data Analysis. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Blackley, P. R., 1990, Spatial mismatch in urban labor markets: Evidence from large U.S. metropolitan areas. Social Science Quarterly , Vol. 71, 39-52.
   Google Scholar
• Census of Population and Housing, 1992a, 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples. Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census.
   Google Scholar
• Census of Population and Housing, 1992b, Technical Documentation: 1990 Public Use Microdata Samples. Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, G. L. and Whiteman, I., 1983, Why poor people do not move: Job search behavior and disequilibrium amongst local labor markets. Environment and Planning A , Vol. 15, 85-104.
   Google Scholar
• Clogg, C. C., 1979, Measuring Underemployment Demographic Indicators for the United States. New York, NY: Academic.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, T. J., 1993, Proximity to job opportunities and African American male unemployment: A test of the spatial-mismatch hypothesis in Indianapolis. The Professional Geographer , Vol. 45, 407-415.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, T. J., 1996, City-suburb differences in African American male labor market achievement. The Professional Geographer , Vol. 48, 458-467.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, T. J., and Shumway, J. M., 1991, Developing the spatial-mismatch hypothesis: Problems of accessibility to employment for low-wage central city labor. Urban Geography , Vol. 12, 310-323.
   Google Scholar
• Danziger, S. and Weinstein, M., 1976, Employment location and wage rates of poverty-area residents. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 3, 127-145.
   Google Scholar
• Ellwood, D. T., 1986, The spatial-mismatch hypothesis: Are there teenage jobs missing in the ghetto? In R. B. Freeman and H. J. Holzer, editors, The Black Youth Employment Crisis. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Farley, J. E., 1987, Disproportionate Black and Hispanic unemployment in U.S. metropolitan areas: The roles of racial inequality, segregation and discrimination in male joblessness. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology , Vol. 46, 129-149.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez, R. O., 1994, Race, space, and job accessibility: Evidence from a plant relocation. Economic Geography , Vol. 70, 390-416.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, P., Kumar, A., and Richardson, H. W., 1989, The spatial-mismatch hypothesis: Some new evidence. Urban Studies , Vol. 26, 315-326.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, S. and Johnston, I., 1985, Gender differences in work trip length: Explanations and implications. Urban Geography , Vol. 6, 193-219.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, S. and Johnston, I., and Pratt, G., 1988a, Spatial dimensions of the gender division of labor in a local labor market. Urban Geography , Vol. 9, 173-193.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, S., Johnston, I., and Pratt, G., 1988b, Reconceptualizing the links between home and work in urban geography. Economic Geography , Vol. 64, 299-321.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, S., Johnston, I., and Pratt, G., 1990, Geographic perspectives on the occupational segrega tion of women. National Geographic Research , Vol. 6, 376-399.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, S., Johnston, I., and Pratt, G., 1991, Job search and the occupational segregation of women. Annals of the Association of American Geographers , Vol. 81, 229-253.
   Google Scholar
• Holloway, S., 1995, The Metropolitan Contingency of the Male Youth Central-City Employment Disadvantage. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Geography, Ohio State University.
   Google Scholar
• Holzer, H. J., 1991, The spatial-mismatch hypothesis: What has the evidence shown? Urban Studies , Vol. 28, 105-122.
   Google Scholar
• Holzer, H. J., Ihlanfeldt, K. R., and Sjoquist, D. L., 1994, Work, search and travel among White and Black youth. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 35, 320-345.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, M. A., 1987, Moving up and moving out: Confusing ends and means about ghetto dispersal. Urban Studies , Vol. 24, 503-517.
   Google Scholar
• Hughes, M. A., and Madden, J. E., 1991, Residential segregation and the economic status of Black workers: New evidence for an old debate. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 29, 28-49.
   Google Scholar
• Ihlanfeldt, K. R., 1993, Intra-urban job accessibility and hispanic youth employment rates. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 33, 254-271.
   Google Scholar
• Ihlanfeldt, K. R., and Sjoquist, D. L., 1989, The impact of job decentralization on the economic welfare of central city Blacks. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 26, 110-130.
   Google Scholar
• Jencks, C. and Mayer, S., 1990, Residential segregation, job proximity, and Black job opportunities: The empirical status of the spatial-mismatch hypothesis. In M. McGeary, editor, Poverty in America. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston-Anumonwo, I., 1992, The influence of household type on gender differences in work trip distance. The Professional Geographer , Vol. 44, 161-169.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston-Anumonwo, I., 1995a, Race, Gender and Constrained Work Trips: A Research Note. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Geography: SUNY-Cortland.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston-Anumonwo, I., 1995b, Racial differences in the commuting behavior of women in Buffalo, 1980-1990. Urban Geography , Vol. 16, 23-45.
   Google Scholar
• Kain, J., 1968, Housing segregation, Negro employment, and metropolitan decentralization. The Quarterly Journal of Economics , Vol. 82, 175-197.
   Google Scholar
• Kasarda, J., 1989, Urban industrial transition and the underclass. Annals of the American Association of Political and Social Science , Vol. 501, 26-47.
   Google Scholar
• Lovett, A. and Flowerdew, R., 1989, Analysis of count data using poison regression. The Professional Geographer , Vol. 2, 190-198.
   Google Scholar
• Madden, J. F., 1981, Why women work closer to home. Urban Studies , Vol. 18, 181-194.
   Google Scholar
• McLafferty, S. and Preston, V., 1991, Gender, race and commuting among service sector workers. The Professional Geographer , Vol. 43, 1-15.
   Google Scholar
• McLafferty, S. and Preston, V., 1993, Spatial mismatch and labor market segmentation for African-American and Latina women. Economic Geography , Vol. 69, 406-431.
   Google Scholar
• Mooney, J. D., 1969, Housing segregation, Negro employment and metropolitan decentralization: An alternative perspective. Quarterly Journal of Economics , Vol. 83, 299-311.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, K., 1986, Female labor supply characteristics and the suburbanization of low-wage office work. In A. Scott and M. Storper, editors, Production, Work and Territory. London, UK: Allen and Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Preston, V., McLafferty, S., and Hamilton, E., 1993, The impact of family status on Black, White, and Hispanic women's commuting. Urban Geography , Vol. 14, 228-250.
   Google Scholar
• Price, R. and Mills, E., 1985, Race and residence in earnings determination. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 17, 1-18.
   Google Scholar
• Rutherford, B. and Wekerle, G., 1988, Captive rider, captive labor: Spatial constraints and women's employment. Urban Geography , Vol. 9, 116-137.
   Google Scholar
• Straszheim, M. R., 1980, Discrimination and the spatial characteristics of the urban labor market for Black workers. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 7, 119-140.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, T. A., 1978, Marginal Workers, Marginal Jobs: UnderutUization in the U.S. Work Force. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1994, Residential Mobility Programs. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Urban Policy Brief, Number 1, September.
   Google Scholar
• Vrooman, J. and Greenfield, S., 1980, Are Blacks making it in the suburbs? Some new evidence on intrametropolitan spatial segmentation. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 7, 155-167.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, C. A., 1992, Restructuring and the growth of concentrated poverty in Detroit. Urban Affairs Quarterly , Vol. 28, 187-205.
   Google Scholar
• Zax, J. S. and Kain, J. F., 1991, Commutes, quits, and moves. Journal of Urban Economics , Vol. 29, 153-165.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, M., 1993, Underemployment and economic disparities among minority groups. Population Research and Policy Review , Vol. 12, 139-157.
   Google Scholar