Sustainability of Vertical Standards Consortia as Communities of Practice: A Multilevel Framework

References

• Abbott, A. The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Aggarwal, N.; Dai, Q.; and Walden, E.A. Do markets prefer open or proprietary standards for XML standardization? An event study. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11, 1 (Fall 2006), 117-136.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, D.; Preece, J.; and Turoff, M. A conceptual framework for demographic groups resistant to on-line community interaction. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 6, 3 (Spring 2002), 9-24.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, J., and Duguid, P. Knowledge and organization: A social-practice perspective. Organization Science, 12, 2 (2001), 198-213.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, S.A. Revolution at the Checkout Counter. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Butler, B. Membership size, communication activity and sustainability: A resource-based model of online social structures. Information Systems Research, 12, 4 (2001), 346-362.
   Google Scholar
• Cargill, C. Information Technology Standardization: Theory, Process, and Organizations. Bedford, MA: Digital Press, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Chi, L.; Holsapple, C.W.; and Srinivasan, C. Competitive dynamics in electronic networks: A model and the case of interorganizational systems. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 11, 3 (Spring 2007), 7-49.
   Google Scholar
• Chiao, B.; Lerner, J.; and Tirole, J. The rules of standards setting organizations: An empirical analysis. RAND Journal of Economics, 38, 4, (2007), 905-930.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, C.; Hsu, M.; and Wang, E. Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories. Decision Support Systems, 42, 3 (2006), 1872-1888.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 1 (1960), 37-46.
   Google Scholar
• Constant, D.; Sproull, L.; and Kiesler, S. The kindness of strangers: The usefulness of electronic weak ties for technical advice. Organization Science, 7, 2 (1996), 119-135.
   Google Scholar
• Damsgaard, J., and Lyytinen, K. Contours of diffusion of electronic data interchange in Finland: Overcoming technological barriers and collaborating to make it happen. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 7, 4 (1998), 275-297.
   Google Scholar
• David, P., and Greenstein, S. The economics of compatibility standards: An introduction to recent research. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1, 1 (1990), 3-41.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K.M. Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14, 4 (1989), 532-550.
   Google Scholar
• Ewusi-Mensah, K., and Przasnyski, Z. On information systems project abandonment: An exploratory study of organizational practices. MIS Quarterly, 15, 1 (1991), 67-88.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, J. Choosing the rules for formal standardization. Working paper, University of California, Berkeley, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Finholt, T., and Sproull, L. Electronic groups at work. Organization Science, 1, 1 (1990), 41-64.
   Google Scholar
• Fontaine, M., and Millen, D. Understanding the benefits and impact of communities of practice. In P. Hildreth and C. Kimble (eds.), Knowledge Networks: Innovation Through Communities of Practice. Hershey, PA: Idea Group, 2004, pp. 1-13.
   Google Scholar
• Fulk, J.; Flanagin, A.; Kalman, M.; Monge, P.; and Ryan, T. Connective and communal public goods in interactive communication systems. Communication Theory, 6, 1 (1996), 60-87.
   Google Scholar
• Furlong, M. An electronic community for older adults: The SeniorNet network. Journal of Communication, 39, 3 (1995), 145-153.
   Google Scholar
• Gosain, S. Realizing the vision for Web services: Strategies for dealing with imperfect standards. Information Systems Frontiers, 9, 1 (2007), 53-67.
   Google Scholar
• Graham, I.; Spinardi, G.; Williams, R.; and Webster, J. The dynamics of EDI standards development. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 7, 1 (1995), 3-20.
   Google Scholar
• Gregor, S., and Johnston, R. Developing an understanding of interorganizational systems: Arguments for multilevel analysis and structuration theory. Paper presented at the Eighth European Conference on Information Systems, Vienna, Austria, July 3-5, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, R. Collective Action. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobs, K. Information technology standards, standards setting and standards research. Aachen University, Germany, 2001 (available at http://www.stanhopecentre.org/cotswolds/IT-Standardisation_Jakobs.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, R., and Gregor, S. A theory of industry-level activity for understanding the adoption of interorganizational systems. Paper presented at the Eighth European Conference on Information Systems, Vienna, July 3-5, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Koh, J., and Kim, Y. Sense of virtual community: A conceptual frame-work and empirical validation. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 8, 2 (Winter 2003-4), 75-94.
   Google Scholar
• Kraut, R., and Attewell, P. Electronic mail and organizational knowledge. Working paper, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Leonard, D., and Swap, W. Gurus in the garage. Harvard Business Review, 78 (November-December 2000), 71-82.
   Google Scholar
• Lyytinen, K., and Damsgaard, J. What's wrong with the diffusion of innovation theory? In M.A. Ardis and B.L. Marcolin (eds.), Diffusing Software Products and Process Innovations. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2001, pp. 173-190.
   Google Scholar
• Markus, M.L., and Robey, D. Information technology and organizational change: Causal structure in theory and research. Management Science, 34, 5 (1988), 583-598.
   Google Scholar
• Markus, M.L.; Steinfield, C.W.; Wigand, R.T.; and Minton, G. Industry-wide IS standardization as collective action: The case of the U.S. residential mortgage industry. MIS Quarterly, 30, special issue (2006), 439-465.
   Google Scholar
• McCormick, N., and McCormick, J. Computer friends and foes: Content of undergraduates' electronic mail. Computers in Human Behavior, 8, 4 (1992), 379-405.
   Google Scholar
• McPherson, M. The size of voluntary organizations. Social Forces, 61, 4 (1982), 1045-1064.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, M., and Huberman, A. Qualitative Data Analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• MISMO consortium 2011 data (available at http://www.mismo.org
   Google Scholar
• Ogan, C. Listserver communication during the Gulf War: What kind of medium is the bulletin board? Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 37, 2 (1993), 177-196.
   Google Scholar
• OGC consortium 2011 data (available at http://www.opengeospatial.org
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, A.L., and Liebeskind, J. Three levels of networking for sourcing intellectual capital in biotechnology: Implications for studying interorganizational networks. International Studies of Management and Organization, 27, 4 (1997), 76-103.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, P., and Marwell, G. The paradox of group size in collective action: A theory of the critical mass, II. American Sociological Review, 53, 1 (1988), 1-18.
   Google Scholar
• Pan, S., and Leidner, D. Bridging communities of practice with information technology in pursuit of global knowledge sharing. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 12, 1 (2003), 71-88.
   Google Scholar
• Rafaeli, S., and LaRose, R. Electronic bulletin boards and "public goods" explanations of collaborative mass media. Communication Research, 20, 2 (1993), 177-197.
   Google Scholar
• Rheingold, H. The Virtual Community. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, R. Communication networking in computer conferencing systems: A longitudinal study of group roles and system structure. In M. Burgoon (ed.), Communication Yearbook. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1982, pp. 925-944.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, R. Computer-mediated communication system network data: Theoretical concerns and empirical examples. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 32, 6 (1990), 627-647.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, R., and Love, G. Electronic emotion: Socioemotional content in a computer mediated communication network. Communication Research, 14, 1 (1987), 85-108.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenkopf, L.; Metiu, A.; and George, V.P. From the bottom up? Technical committee activity and alliance formation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 4 (December 2001), 748-772.
   Google Scholar
• Rousseau, D. Issues of level in organizational research: Multi-level and cross-level perspectives. Research on Organizational Behavior, 7 (1985), 1-37.
   Google Scholar
• Rousseau, D. Choosing an appropriate level of analysis for studying computerized work systems. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Chicago, March 19-21, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Rukanova, B.; van Stijn, E.; Henriksen, Z.; Baida, Z.; and Tan, Y. Understanding the influence of multiple levels of governments on the development of inter-organizational systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 18 (2009), 387-408.
   Google Scholar
• Scarborough, H., and Swan, J. Case Studies in Knowledge Management. London: Institute of Personnel and Development, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Teo, H.; Wei, K.; and Benbasat, I. Predicting intention to adopt interorganizational linkages: An institutional perspective. MIS Quarterly, 27, 1 (2003), 19-49.
   Google Scholar
• Updegrove, A. Forming, funding, and operating standard setting consortia. IEEE Micro, 13, 6 (1993), 52-60.
   Google Scholar
• Updegrove, A. Standards setting and consortium structures. Standard View, 3, 4 (1995), 143-147.
   Google Scholar
• van Winkelen, C. Inter-organizational communities of practice. Elearning Europa, 2003 (available at http://www.elearningeuropa.info/es/article/Inter-Organizational-Communities-of-Practice/
   Google Scholar
• Vincent, C., and Camp, J. Looking to the Internet for models for governance. Ethics and Information Technology, 6, 3 (2004), 161-173.
   Google Scholar
• Walther, J. Anticipated ongoing interaction vs. channel effects of relational communication in computer-mediated interaction. Human Communication Research, 20, 4 (1994), 473-501.
   Google Scholar
• Walther, J. Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23, 1 (1996), 3-43.
   Google Scholar
• Wasko, M., and Faraj, S. It is what one does: Why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9, 2-3 (2000), 155-173.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, M. The standard development process: A view from political theory. Standard View, 1, 2 (1993), 35-41.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, M., and Cargill, C. Consortia in the standards development process. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 43, 8 (1992), 559-565.
   Google Scholar
• Wenger, E.; McDermott, R.; and Snyder, W.M. Cultivating Communities of Practice. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• West, J. What are open standards? Implications for adoption, competition and policy. Paper presented at the Standards and Public Policy Conference, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Chicago, May 13, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker, S. Talking to strangers: An evaluation of factors affecting electronic collaboration. Paper presented at the 1996 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Boston, November 16-20, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Wigand, R.; Steinfield, C.; and Markus, M.L. Information technology standards choices and industry structure outcomes: The case of the U.S. home mortgage industry. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22, 2 (2005), 165-191.
   Google Scholar
• Wittenbaum, G., and Stasser, G. Management of information in small groups. In J. Nye and A. Brower (eds.), What's Social About Social Cognition? Research on Socially Shared Cognition in Small Groups. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996, pp. 261-282.
   Google Scholar
• Xia, M.; Zhao, K.; and Mahoney, J. Enhancing value via cooperation: Firms' process benefits from participation in a consortium. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2011, forthcoming.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 3d ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng, M., and Chen, X. Achieving cooperation in multiparty alliances: A social dilemma approach to partnership management. Academy of Management Review, 28, 4 (2003), 587-605.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, K.; Xia, M.; and Shaw, M. Vertical e-business standards developing organizations: A conceptual framework. Electronic Markets, 15, 4 (2005), 289-300.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, K.; Xia, M.; and Shaw, M. What drives industry-wide collaboration in standards consortia: An empirical investigation of consortium-based e-business standardization. Working paper, College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, K.; Kraemer, K.; Gurbaxani, V.; and Xu, S. Migration to open-standard interorganizational systems: Network effects, switching costs, and path dependency. MIS Quarterly, 30 (August 2006), 515-539.
   Google Scholar