Institutional Policy-Making in (In) Action: The Case of Pharmacy Ownership in North Dakota

References

• Adkisson, Richard V. "The Economy as an Open System: An Institutionalist Framework for Economic Development." In Institutional Analysis and Praxis: The Social Fabric Matrix Approach, edited by Tara Natarajan, Scott Fullwiler and Wolfram Elsner, pp. 25-38. New York, NY: Springer, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE). "Accreditation Standards and Guidelines for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree." 2007. Available at: http://www.acpe-accredit.org/pdf/ACPE_Revised_PharmD_Standards_Adopted_Jan152006.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Besanko, David, David Dranove, Mark Shanley and Scott Schaefer. Economics of Strategy, 3rd edition. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Black, Jo Dee. "Telepharmacies are Good Medicine for Small Towns." Great Falls Tribune March 15, 2009. Available at: http://www.greatfallstribune.com/article/20090315/BUSINESS/903150303
   Google Scholar
• Bonnarens, Joseph. "Applications in Independent
   Google Scholar
• Community Pharmacy." In Pharmacy Management: Essentials for All Practice Settings, 2nd edition, edited by Shane Desselle and David Zgarrick, pp. 553-574. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Carroll, Norman V. "Estimating the Impact of Medicare Part D on the Profitability of Independent Community Pharmacies." Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 14 (2008): 768-779.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, Thomas. "Implications of North Dakota's Pharmacy Ownership Law." Health Care Discussions 7 (2005): 4-9.
   Google Scholar
• Civic Economics. "Local Works: Examining the Impact of Local Businesses on the Western Michigan Economy." 2008. Available at: http://www.civiceconomics.com/localworks/
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Robert and Beth Fitzgerald. "Wal-mart's $4 Plan Has not Had Intended Effect." The Star-Ledger April 22, 2008. Available at: http://www.nipcweb.com/Walmart_4_dollars.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cole, J. "ND House Votes to Keep Pharmacy Law." Fargo Forum (February 14, 2009). Available at: http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t43c15.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Collins, David and Troy Smith. "Strategy in the Twenty-First Century Pharmaceutical Industry: Merck & Co. and Pfizer Inc." Harvard Business School Case Study 9-707-509 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Dalheimer, Justin and Stacy Mitchell. "The Benefits of North Dakota's Pharmacy Ownership Law." 2009. Available at: http://newrules.org/retail/ndpolbrief.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fare, Rolf and Daniel Primont. Multi-Output Production and Duality: Theory and Applications, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Flynn, David. "Economic Impact of the Removal Pharmacy of Ownership Restrictions in North Dakota." 2008. Available at: http://www.ndrx.org/resources/Flynn-ImpactStudy-Prelim.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Friesner, Daniel and David Scott. "Exploring the Formation of Patient Satisfaction in Rural Community Telepharmacies." Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 49, 4 (2009): 48-57.
   Google Scholar
• Hayden, F. Gregory. "Instrumentalist Policymaking: Policy Criteria in a Transactional Context." Journal of Economic Issues 29, 2 (1995): 361-384.
   Google Scholar
• Hodur, Nancy and F. Larry Leistritz. "The Contribution of North Dakota's Community Pharmacies to the State's Economy." 2007. Available at: ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/123456789/12189/1/aer597.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kapp, Karl William. "The Open-System Charter of the Economy and Its Implications." In Economics in the Future: Towards a New Paradigm, edited by Kurt Dopfer and Jan Tinbergen, p. 91. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, Shamima, Herb Snyder, Ann Rathke, David Scott and Charles Peterson. "Is There a Successful Business Case for Telepharmacy?" Telemedicine and e-Health 14, 3 (2008): 235-244.
   Google Scholar
• Knoedler, Janet. "Veblen and Technical Efficiency." Journal of Economic Issues 31 (1997): 1011-1026.
   Google Scholar
• McEachern, William A. Economics: A Contemporary Introduction, 6th edition. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western Publishing, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• McKenzie, Richard. "The Necessary Normative Context of Positive Economics." Journal of Economic Issues 15, 3 (1981): 703-719.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, James. "Testimony Given in the Minutes of the North Dakota House of Representatives General Affairs Committee." March 1, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Mosavin, Rashid. "Financial Reports." In Pharmacy Management: Essentials for All Practice Settings, 2nd edition, edited by Shane Desselle and David Zgarrick, pp. 248-254. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• National Community Pharmacist Association. "NCPA-Pfizer Digest Preliminary Finding." 2006. Available at: http://www.ncpanet.org/pdf/2006ncpapfizer-prelimdata.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Navarro, Robert. Managed Care Pharmacy Practice. pp. 272-283. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishing, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• North Dakota Legislative Council. "Pharmacy Ownership Restrictions - Summary of Litigation Challenging the Restrictions." 2008. Available at http://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/60-2007/docs/pdf/99482.pdf
   Google Scholar
• North Dakota Courts. "Opinion in the Case ‘Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. vs. North Dakota Board of Pharmacy’." 1972. Available at: http://www.ndcourts.com/court/opinions/8834a.htm
   Google Scholar
• North Dakota Revised Code. "Code 43-1535(5)." 1949. Available at: http://www.legis.nd.gov/cencode/t43c15.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, Charles D. "North Dakota Telepharmacy Slide Show." 2008. Available at: http://telepharmacy.ndsu.nodak.edu/publications/index.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, Charles and Howard Anderson, Jr. "Telepharmacy." 2002. Available at: http://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/telepharmacy/TELEPHARMACY-TAD1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Petr, Jerry. "Fundamentals of an Institutionalist Perspective on Economic Policy." Journal of Economic Issues 18, 1 (1984): 1-17.
   Google Scholar
• Schumock, Glen and Godwin Wong. "Business Planning for Pharmacy Programs." In Pharmacy Management: Essentials for All Practice Settings, 2nd edition, edited by Shane Desselle and David Zgarrick, pp. 48-61. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Spooner, Joshua. "A Bleak Future for Independent Community Pharmacy under Medicare Part D." Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 14, 9 (2008): 878-881.
   Google Scholar
• Springer, Patrick. "Comparing Prescription Drug Prices: A Sample Study." Fargo Forum (January 16, 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Tice, Bradley. "Entrepreneurship." In Pharmacy Management: Essentials for All Practice Settings, 2nd edition, edited by Shane Desselle and David Zgarrick, pp. 544-548. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Tool, Mark. The Discretionary Economy: A Normative Theory of Political Economy. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear Publishing Co., Inc., 1979.
   Google Scholar
• Traynor, Andrew, Todd Sorensen and Tom Larson. "The Main Street Pharmacy: Becoming an Endangered Species." Minnesota Rural Journal 2, 1 (2007): 83-100.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. "Population Estimates for Cities & Towns 2000 to 2007." 2007. Available at: http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/SUB-EST2007-4.html
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Pharmacist. "North Dakota Pharmacy Ownership Law Upheld." Available at: http://www.uspharmacist.com/content/c/12643/
   Google Scholar
• Veblen, Thorstein. The Theory of Business Enterprise. New York, NY: Augustus M. Kelley, Bookseller, [1904] 1965.
   Google Scholar
• Veblen, Thorstein. The Engineers and the Price System. Kitchener, ON: Batoche Books, 1921.
   Google Scholar
• Walmart Corporation. "$4 Prescription Program, June 5, 2008." 2008. Available at: http://i.walmart.com/i/if/hmp/fusion/genericdruglist.pdf
   Google Scholar