Exploring the Underlying Dimensions of Violence in Print Advertisements

References

• Alden, Dana L., Ashesh Mukherjee, and Wayne D. Hoyer (2000), "The Effects of Incongruity, Surprise and Positive Moderators on Perceived Humor in Television Advertising," Journal of Advertising, 29 (2), 1-15.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Craig A., and L. Rowell Huesmann (2003), "Human Aggression: A Social-Cognitive View," in The Sage Handbook of Social Psychology, Michael A. Hogg and Joel Cooper, eds., Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 296-323.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson, Svante, Anna Hedelin, Anna Nilsson, and Charlotte Welander (2004), "Violent Advertising in Fashion Marketing," Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 8 (1), 96-112.
   Google Scholar
• Ang, Swee Hoon, Yih Hwai Lee, and Siew Meng Leong (2007), "The Ad Creativity Cube: Conceptualization and Initial Validation," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35 (2), 220-232.
   Google Scholar
• Bagozzi, Richard P., and David J. Moore (1994), "Public Service Advertisements: Emotions and Empathy Guide Prosocial Behavior," Journal of Marketing, 58 (January), 56-70.
   Google Scholar
• Baumeister, Roy F., and W. Keith Campbell (1999), "The Intrinsic Appeal of Evil: Sadism, Sensational Thrills, and Threatened Egotism," Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3 (3), 210-221.
   Google Scholar
• Bettman, James R., and Michel A. Zins (1977), "Constructive Processing in Consumer Choice," Journal of Consumer Research, 4 (2), 75-85.
   Google Scholar
• Boster, James S., and Jeffrey C. Johnson (1989), "Form or Function: A Comparison of Expert and Novice Judgments of Similarity Among Fish," American Anthropologist, 91 (4), 866-889.
   Google Scholar
• Bradac, James J., Michael R. Hemphill, and Charles H. Tardy (1981), "Language Style on Trial: Effects of ‘Powerful’ and ‘Powerless’ Speech Upon Judgments of Victims and Villains," Western Journal of Communication, 45 (4), 327-341.
   Google Scholar
• Burton, Michael, and Kimball Romney (1975), "A Multidimensional Representation of Role Terms," American Ethnologist, 2 (3), 397-407.
   Google Scholar
• Bushman, Brad J., and Angelica M. Bonacci (2002), "Violence and Sex Impair Memory for Television Ads," Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (3), 557-564.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Jonathan (2001), "Defining Identification: A Theoretical Look at Identification of Audiences with Media Characters," Mass Communication and Society, 4 (3), 245-264.
   Google Scholar
• Collins, Randall (1974), "Three Faces of Cruelty: Towards a Comparative Sociology of Violence," Theory and Society, 1 (4), 415-440.
   Google Scholar
• Cooney, Mark, and Scott Phillips (2002), "Typologizing Violence: A Blackian Perspective," International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 22 (7/8), 75-108.
   Google Scholar
• Cowan, Gloria, and Margaret O'Brien (1990), "Gender and Survival Vs. Death in Slasher Films: A Content Analysis," Sex Roles, 23 (3/4), 187-196.
   Google Scholar
• Creamer, Matthew, and Rupal Parekh (2008), "How to Cut Through But Not Offend? Verizon, Snickers Latest to Fail Test," Advertising Age, 79 (29), 3, 30.
   Google Scholar
• Dahl, Darren W., Kristina D. Frankenberger, and Rajesh V. Manchanda (2003), "Does It Pay to Shock? Reactions to Shocking and Non-Shocking Advertising Content Among University Students," Journal of Advertising Research, 43 (3), 268-281.
   Google Scholar
• De Pelsmacker, Patrick, and Joeri Van Den Bergh (1996), "The Communication Effects of Provocation in Print Advertising," International Journal of Advertising, 15 (3), 203-222.
   Google Scholar
• DeRosia, Eric D. (2008), "The Effectiveness of Nonverbal Symbolic Signs and Metaphors in Advertisements: An Experimental Inquiry," Psychology and Marketing, 25 (3), 298-316.
   Google Scholar
• Derriennic, Jean-Pierre (1972), "Theory and Ideologies of Violence," Journal of Peace Research, 9 (4), 361-374.
   Google Scholar
• Dill, Karen E., and Jody C. Dill (1998), "Video Game Violence: A Review of the Empirical Literature," Aggression and Violent Behavior, 3 (4), 407-428.
   Google Scholar
• Dyer, Gillian (1988), Advertising as Communication, New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Feather, Norman T. (1999), "Judgments of Deservingness: Studies in the Psychology of Justice and Achievement," Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3 (2), 86-107.
   Google Scholar
• Fiske, Susan T., and Shelley E. Taylor (1984), Social Cognition, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Furnham, Adrian, and Barrie Gunter (1987), "Effects of Time of Day and Medium of Presentation on Immediate Recall of Violent and Non-Violent News," Applied Cognitive Psychology, 1 (4), 255-262.
   Google Scholar
• Garson, G. David (2009), "Multi-Dimensional Scaling: Stat-Notes," North Carolina State University, available at http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/mds.htm
   Google Scholar
• Giguere, Gyslain (2006), "Collecting and Analyzing Data in Multidimensional Scaling Experiments: A Guide for Psychologists Using SPSS," Tutorial in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 2 (1), 27-38.
   Google Scholar
• Griffin, Abbie, and John R. Hauser (1993), "The Voice of the Customer," Marketing Science, 12 (1), 1-27.
   Google Scholar
• Gunter, Barrie, Adrian Furnham, and Eleni Pappa (2005), "Effects of Television Violence on Memory for Violent and Nonviolent Advertising," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35 (8), 1680-1697.
   Google Scholar
• Harper, Michelle E., Florian G. Jentsch, Devon Berry, H. Cathy Lau, Clint Bowers, and Eduardo Salas (2003), "TPL-KATS-Card Sort: A Tool for Assessing Structural Knowledge," Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 35 (4), 577-584.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, Mary B. (1996), "Aggression, Gender, and Ethnicity," Aggression and Violent Behavior, 1 (2), 123-146.
   Google Scholar
• Huesmann, L. Rowell, Kristi Lagerspertz, and Leonard D. Eron (1984), "Intervening Variables in the TV Violence-Aggression Relation: Evidence from Two Countries," Developmental Psychology, 20 (5), 746-775.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, Kristin M., and William M. K. Trochim (2002), "Concept Mapping as an Alternative Approach for the Analysis of Open-Ended Survey Responses," Organizational Research Methods, 5 (4), 307-336.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, Deirdre D. (1995), "Adolescents' Motivation for Viewing Graphic Horror," Human Communication Research, 21 (4), 522-552.
   Google Scholar
• Kirsh, Steven J. (2006), "Cartoon Violence and Aggression in Youth," Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11 (6), 547-557.
   Google Scholar
• Kruskal, Joseph (1964), "Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling: A Numerical Approach," Psychometrika, 29 (March), 115-129.
   Google Scholar
• Kruskal, Joseph, and Myron Wish (1978), Multidimensional Scaling, Beverly Hills: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, Jennifer E., and Linda Kalof (1999), "The Animal Text: Message and Meaning in Television Advertisements," Sociology Quarterly, 40 (4), 565-586.
   Google Scholar
• Manceau, Delphine, and Elisabeth Tissier-Desbordes (2006), "Are Sex and Death Taboos in Advertising? An Analysis of Taboos in Advertising and a Survey of French Consumer Perceptions," International Journal of Advertising, 25 (1), 9-33.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, Martin N. (1996), "Sampling for Qualitative Research," Family Practice, 13 (6), 522-525.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez, Inmaculada Jose, Maria Dolores Prieto, and Juana Farfan (2006), "Childhood and Violence in Advertising: A Current Perspective," International Communication Gazette, 68 (3), 269-287.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, Mary E., Peter Carnevale, and Rodney G. Lim (1991), "Professional Mediators' Judgments of Mediation Tactics: Multidimensional Scaling and Cluster Analyses," Journal of Applied Psychology, 76 (3), 465-472.
   Google Scholar
• Messner, Steven F., and Kenneth Tardiff (1985), "Social Ecology of Urban Homicide: An Application of the Routine Activities Approach," Criminology, 23 (2), 241-267.
   Google Scholar
• Meyers-Levy, Joan, and Alice Tybout (1989), "Schema Congruity as a Basis for Product Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (June), 39-54.
   Google Scholar
• Muehlenhard, Charlene L., and Leigh Ann Kimes (1999), "The Social Construction of Violence: The Case of Sexual and Domestic Violence," Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3 (3), 234-245.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, Mary Beth (1993), "Adolescents' Enjoyment of Graphic Horror: Effects of Viewers' Attitudes and Portrayals of Victim," Communication Research, 20 (1), 30-50.
   Google Scholar
• Potter, W. James, and Ron Warren (1998), "Humor as Camouflage of Televised Violence," Journal of Communication, 48 (2), 40-57.
   Google Scholar
• Punj, Girish N., and David W. Stewart (1983), "Cluster Analysis in Marketing Research: Review and Suggestions for Application," Journal of Marketing Research, 20 (May), 134-148
   Google Scholar
• Roehm, Michelle L., and Michael K. Brady (2007), "Consumer Responses to Performance Failures by High-Equity Brands," Journal of Consumer Research, 34 (December), 537-545.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, Seymour, and Moonja Park Kim (1975), "The Method of Sorting as a Data-Gathering Procedure in Multivariate Research," Multivariate Behavioral Research, 10 (4), 489-502.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, Beth Spenciner, and W. Cody Wilson (2003), "The Association of Ecological Variables and Psychological Distress with the Exposure to Community Violence Among Adolescents," Adolescence, 38 (151), 459-479.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, Gery W., and H. Russell Bernard (2003), "Techniques to Identify Themes," Field Methods, 15 (1), 85-109.
   Google Scholar
• Scharrer, Erica, Andrea Bergstrom, Angela Paradise, and Qianqing Ren (2006), "Laughing to Keep from Crying: Humor and Aggression in Television Commercial Content," Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 50 (4), 615-634.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon, Michael, Richard D. Ashmore, and Laura C. Longo (1992), "The Beauty Match-Up Hypothesis: Congruence Between Types of Beauty and Product Images in Advertising," Journal of Advertising, 21 (4), 23-34.
   Google Scholar
• Tamborini, Ron, James Stiff, and Dolf Zillmann (1987), "Preference of Graphic Horror Featuring Male Versus Female Victimization," Human Communication Research, 13 (4), 529-552.
   Google Scholar
• Unnava, H. Rao, and Deepak Sirdeshmukh (1994), "Reducing Competitive Advertising Interference," Journal of Marketing Research, 31 (August), 403-411.
   Google Scholar
• Van Exel, Job, and Gjalt de Graaf (2005), "Q Methodology: A Sneak Preview," available at www.fsw.vu.nl/en/Images/Q%20methodology_tcm31-41687.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, Martijn, and Hein F. M. Lodewijkx (2005), "Motivated Responses to ‘Senseless’ Violence: Explaining Emotional and Behavioural Responses Through Person and Position Identification," European Journal of Social Psychology, 35 (6), 755-766.
   Google Scholar
• Weiner, Bernard (1995), "Inferences of Responsibility and Social Motivation," in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Mark P. Zanna, ed., San Diego: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weller, Susan C., and A. Kimball Romney (1988), Systematic Data Collection, Irvine, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Whaley, Arthur L., and Richard A. Longoria (2009), "Preparing Card Sort Data for Multidimensional Scaling Analysis in Social Psychological Research: A Methodological Approach," Journal of Social Psychology, 149 (1), 105-115.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, Barbara J., Stacy L. Smith, W. James Potter, Dale Kunkel, Daniel Linz, Carolyn M. Colvin, and Edward Donnerstein (2002), "Violence in Children's Television Programming: Assessing the Risks," Journal of Communication, 52 (March), 5-35.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (2002), World Report on Violence and Health, Elienne G. Krug, Linda L. Dahlberg, James A. Mercy, Anthony B. Zwiand, and Rafael Lozano, eds., Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Zillmann, Dolf (1988), "Mood Management Through Communication Choices," American Behavioral Scientist, 31 (3), 327-340.
   Google Scholar