An overview of themes in the agrarian and environmental history of the Karoo since c.1800Footnote^§

§ This article is from the ‘Karoo Special Issue: Trajectories of Change in the Anthropocene’.

References

• Acocks JPH. 1953. Veld types of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa no. 28. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Acocks JPH. 1975. Veld types of South Africa (2nd edn). Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa no. 40. Pretoria: Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agricultural Technical Services.
   Google Scholar
• Archer S. 2000. Technology and ecology in the Karoo: a century of windmills, wire and changing farming practice. Journal of Southern African Studies 26: 675–696. doi: 10.1080/03057070020008224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beinart W. 2003. The rise of conservation in South Africa: settlers, livestock and the environment 1770–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beinart W. 2007. Transhumance, animal diseases and environment in the Cape, South Africa. South African Historical Journal 58: 17–41. doi: 10.1080/02582470709464743
   Google Scholar
• Beinart W, Wotshela L. 2011. Prickly pear: the social history of a plant in the Eastern Cape. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boardman J, Foster IDL, Rowntree KM, Favis-Mortlock DT, Mol L, Suich H, Gaynor D. 2017. Long-term studies of land degrada- tion in the Sneeuberg uplands, eastern Karoo, South Africa: a synthesis. Geomorphology 285: 106–120. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond WJ, Midgley GF. 2012. Carbon dioxide and the uneasy interactions of trees and savannah grasses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 367: 601–612. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown JC. 1877. Water supply of South Africa and facilities for the storage of it. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
   Google Scholar
• Brown K. 2001. The conservation and utilisation of the natural world: silviculture in the Cape Colony, c.1902–1910. Environment and History 7: 427–447. doi: 10.3197/096734001129342540
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown K. 2003. Agriculture in the natural world: progressivism, conservation and the state. The case of the Cape Colony in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Kronos 29: 109–138.
   Google Scholar
• Cape of Good Hope. 1838–1910. Bluebooks and statistical registers of the Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Cape of Good Hope. 1855–1904. Censuses of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. Cape Town: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Cape of Good Hope. 1877. Report of the Commission appointed to inquire into and report upon diseases in cattle and sheep in this colony. G.3, 1877. Cape Town: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Cape of Good Hope. 1894. Report of the Scab Disease Commission, 1892-1894. G.1, 1894. Cape Town: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Cape of Good Hope. 1924. First and second reports of the Vermin Extermination Commission. C.P. 3, 1924. Cape Town: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Conradie B, Nattrass N. 2016. The potential for land reform in the Central Karoo. Paper presented at the Colloquim on ‘Karoo Futures? Trajectories of Change’, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 7–8 November 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Dean WRJ, MacDonald IAW. 1994. Historical changes in stocking rates of domestic livestock as a measure of semi-arid and arid rangeland degradation in the Cape Province, South Africa. Journal of Arid Environments 26: 281–298. doi: 10.1006/jare.1994.1030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean WRJ, Milton S (eds). 1999. The Karoo: ecological patterns and processes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Delius P, Schirmer S. 2000. Soil conservation in a racially divided society. Journal of Southern African Studies 26: 719–742. doi: 10.1080/713683610
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Wet C. 1989. Betterment planning in a rural village in Keiskammahoek, Ciskei. Journal of Southern African Studies 15: 326–345. doi: 10.1080/03057078908708203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• du Toit HS. 1929. The conservation of our soil. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Febvre L, Bataillon L. 1925. A geographical introduction to history. London: Kegan.
   Google Scholar
• Hey PD. 1995. A nature conservationist looks back. Cape Town: CapeNature Conservation.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman MT. 2014. Changing patterns of rural land use and land cover in South Africa and their implications for land reform. Journal of Southern African Studies 40: 707–725. doi: 10.1080/03057070.2014.943525
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman MT, Cowling R. 1990. Vegetation change in the semi-arid eastern Karoo over the last 200 years – fact or fiction. South African Journal of Science 86: 286–294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman MT, Todd S, Ntshona Z, Turner S. 1999. Land degrada- tion in South Africa. Cape Town: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism.
   Google Scholar
• Hugo AM. 1970. The Cape vernacular. Inaugural Lecture, New Series no. 2. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.
   Google Scholar
• Lilja F. 2013. The golden fleece of the Cape: capitalist expansion and labour relations in the periphery of transnational wool production, c. 1860–1950. PhD thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Mellville EGK. 1994. A plague of sheep: environmental consequences of the conquest of Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Roux PW, Vorster M. 1983. Vegetation change in the Karoo. Proceedings of the Annual Congresses of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 18: 25–29. doi: 10.1080/00725560.1983.9648976
   Google Scholar
• Rowntree K. 2013. The evil of sluits: a re-assessment of soil erosion in the Karoo of South Africa as portrayed in century-old sources. Journal of Environmental Management 130: 98–105. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw J. 1875. On the changes going on in the vegetation of South Africa through the introduction of the merino sheep. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botanical 14: 202–208. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1874.tb00312.x
   Google Scholar
• Spierenburg M, Brooks S. 2014. Private game farming and its social consequences in post-apartheid South Africa: contesta- tions over wildlife, property and agrarian futures. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 32: 151–172. doi: 10.1080/09637494.2014.937164
   Google Scholar
• Union of South Africa. 1912. Census of the Union of South Africa 1911. U.G. 32-1912. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Union of South Africa. 1923. Final report of the Drought Investigation Commission. U.G. 49, 1923. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Union of South Africa. 1932. Report of Native Economic Commission 1930-1932. U.G. 22, 1932. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Union of South Africa. 1951. Report of the Desert Encroachment Committee. U.G. 59, 1951. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Union/Republic of South Africa. 1918–1993. Agricultural censuses. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• van Duin P, Ross R. 1987. The economy of the Cape Colony in the eighteenth century. Leiden: Centre for the History of European Expansion.
   Google Scholar
• van Sittert L. 2002. Holding the line: the rural enclosure movement in the Cape Colony, c. 1865–1910. Journal of African History 43: 95–118. doi: 10.1017/S0021853702007922
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigley BJ, Bond WJ, Hoffman MT. 2010. Thicket expansion in a South African savanna under divergent land use: local vs. global drivers? Global Change Biology 16: 964–976. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02030.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar