Seasonal distribution of livestock in Samburu county, northern Kenya: a response to variable pasture and water in semi-arid rangelands

References

• Abroulaye S, Issa S, Abalo KE, Nouhoun Z. 2015. Climate change: a driver of crop farmers–agro pastoralists conflicts in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology 5(3): 92–104.
   Google Scholar
• Adriansen HK. 1999. Pastoral mobility as a response to climate variability in African drylands. Danish Journal of Geography 1: 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Adriansen HK. 2008. Understanding pastoral mobility: the case of Senegalese Fulani. Geographical Journal 174(3): 207–222. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4959.2008.00278.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayissa B, Bereda A. 2009. Assessment of veterinary service delivery, livestock disease reporting, surveillance systems and prevention and control measures across Ethiopia/Kenya Border (Enhanced Livelihoods in Southern Ethiopia (ELSE) Project). Addis Ababa: CIFA Ethiopia/CARE Ethiopia.
   Google Scholar
• Berhanu W, Beyene F. 2015. Climate variability and household adaptation strategies in southern Ethiopia. Sustainability 7(6): 6353–6375. doi: 10.3390/su7066353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizimana N. 1994. Epidemiology, surveillance and control of the principal infectious animal diseases in Africa. Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) 13(2): 397–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blench R. 2000. Extensive pastoral livestock systems: issues and options for the future (Working Paper). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Catley A, Lind J, Scoones I. 2016. The futures of pastoralism in the Horn of Africa: pathways of growth and change. Office international des epizooties revue scientifique et technique 35(2): 389–403. doi: 10.20506/rst.35.2.2524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers R. 2006. Participatory mapping and geographic information systems: whose map? Who is empowered and who disempowered? Who gains and who loses? The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries 25(1): 1–11. doi: 10.1002/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00163.x
   Google Scholar
• Cowled B, Garner G. 2008. A review of geospatial and ecological factors affecting disease spread in wild pigs: considerations for models of foot-and-mouth disease spread. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 87(3–4): 197–212. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.03.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuni-Sanchez A, Omeny P, Pfeifer M, Olaka L, Mamo MB, et al. 2019. Climate change and pastoralists: perceptions and adaptation in montane Kenya. Climate and Development 11(6): 513–524. doi: 10.1080/17565529.2018.1454880
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen S, Marin A. 2011. Pastoral pathways: climate change adaptation lessons from Ethiopia. Oslo, Norway: The Development Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Fratkin E. 2001. East African pastoralism in transition: Maasai, Boran, and Rendille cases. African Studies Review 44: 1–25. doi: 10.2307/525591
   Google Scholar
• Galaty J, Johnson DL (eds). 1990. The world of pastoralism: herding systems in comparative perspective. London: Guilford Press and Belhaven Press.
   Google Scholar
• Galvin KA, Boone RB, Smith NM, Lynn SJ. 2001. Impacts of climate variability on East African pastoralists: linking social science and remote sensing. Climate Research 19: 161–172. doi: 10.3354/cr019161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ILRI (International Livestock Centre for Africa), IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature), UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme), ILC (International Land Coalition). 2021. Rangelands atlas. Nairobi: ILRI.
   Google Scholar
• Kibugi RM. 2013. A legal and planning methodology for African commons: Reviewing rangeland governance in Kenya. Paper presented at conference, Governing Shared Resources: Connecting Local Experience to Global Challenges, the Twelfth Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Commons, Cheltenham, England, 14–18 July. Available at https://hdl.handle.net/10535/1434
   Google Scholar
• Kitasho N, Abdallah JM, Zakayo R. 2020. Adaptive capacity to climate change of pastoralists in Kilosa District, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation 89(1): 25–46.
   Google Scholar
• Krätli S, Toulmin C. 2020. Farmer–herder conflict in sub-Saharan Africa? London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
   Google Scholar
• Lelenguyah GL, Nyangito MM, Wasonga OV, Bett RC. 2021. Perception of key informants on climate variability, livestock diseases, herd mobility and the adaptation strategies of local pastoralists in Samburu County. International Journal of Trends in Scientific Research and Development 6(1): 273–279.
   Google Scholar
• Lengoiboni M. 2011. Pastoralists seasonal land rights in land administration: A study of northern Kenya. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, the Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Lesorogol CK. 2008. Land privatization and pastoralist well-being in Kenya. Development and change 39(2): 309–331. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00481.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind J, Okenwa D, Scoones I. 2020. The politics of land, resources & investment in Eastern Africa’s pastoral drylands. Woodbridge: James Currey.
   Google Scholar
• MacOpiyo LA. 2005. Spatially explicit, individual-based modelling of pastoralists’ mobility in the rangelands of East Africa. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
   Google Scholar
• McCabe JT. 2010. Cattle bring us to our enemies: Turkana ecology, politics, and raiding in a disequilibrium system. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• McGuirk EF, Nunn N. 2020. Transhumant pastoralism, climate change, and conflict in Africa (NBER Working Paper No. 28243). Cambridge MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• McSweeney C, New M, Lizcano G. 2010. The UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: Improving the accessibility of observed and projected climate information for studies of climate change in developing countries. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, pp 157–166. Available at https://doi.org/10.1175/2009BAMS2826.1
   Google Scholar
• Michael YG. 2017. Vulnerability and local innovation in adaptation to climate change among the pastoralists: Harshin district, Somali region, Ethiopia. Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6(2): 65–84. doi: 10.5296/emsd.v6i2.11211
   Google Scholar
• Miller BW, Leslie PW, McCabe JT. 2014. Coping with natural hazards in a conservation context: resource-use decisions of Maasai households during recent and historical droughts. Human Ecology 42(5): 753–768. doi: 10.1007/s10745-014-9683-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moenga B, Muchemi G, Kang’ethe EK, Kimenju JW, Mutiga ER, Matete GO. 2016. Impact of climate change on the incidences of small ruminant diseases in a pastoral area of Kenya. African Journal of Agricultural Research 11(27): 2389–2396. doi: 10.5897/AJAR2012.0047
   Google Scholar
• Mulianga BA. 2009. Modelling pastoral mobility to accommodate pastoral land use in land administration: a case study of the Isiolo area, Kenya. Master’s thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Mutai CC, Ward MN. 2000. East African rainfall and the tropical circulation/convection on intraseasonal to interannual timescales. Journal of Climate 13(22): 3915–3939. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3915:EARATT>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mwamidi, DM, Nunow, AA, Dominguez, P. 2023. Customary ecological conservation of Mwanda-Marungu Pastoral Commons in Taita Hills, south-west Kenya. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 40(1): 94–106. doi: 10.2989/10220119.2022.2138972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niamir-Fuller M (ed). 1999. Managing mobility in African rangelands: The legitimization of transhumance. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Nkedianye D, de Leeuw J, Ogutu JO, Said MY, Saidimu TL, et al. 2011. Mobility and livestock mortality in communally used pastoral areas: the impact of the 2005/2006 drought on livestock mortality in Maasailand. Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice 1(1): 1–7. doi: 10.1186/2041-7136-1-17
   Google Scholar
• Nori M, Scoones I. 2019. Pastoralism, uncertainty and resilience: Global lessons from the margins. Pastoralism 9(1): 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s13570-019-0146-8
   Google Scholar
• Nyariki DM, Mwang’ombe AW, Thompson DM. 2009. Land-use change and livestock production challenges in an integrated system: The Masai-Mara Ecosystem, Kenya. Journal of Human Ecology 26(3): 163–173. doi: 10.1080/09709274.2009.11906178
   Google Scholar
• Orindi AO, Nyong A, Herrero M. 2007. Pastoral livelihood adaptation to drought and institutional interventions in Kenya. New York: UNDP (United Nations Development Program).
   Google Scholar
• Pas-Schrijver A. 2019. Pastoralists, mobility and conservation: Shifting rules of access and control of grazing resources in Kenya’s northern drylands. PhD dissertation, Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Samburu County Government. 2013. County integrated development plan 2013–2017. Maralal, Kenya: CIDP.
   Google Scholar
• Samburu County Government. 2018. County Integrated Development Plan 2018–2022. Maralal, Kenya: CIDP.
   Google Scholar
• Samburu County Government, WFP. 2015. Samburu County capacity gaps and needs assessment. Nairobi, Kenya: World Food Programme (WFP).
   Google Scholar
• Samuels MI, Allsopp N, Hoffman MT. 2019. Traditional mobile pastoralism in a contemporary semiarid rangeland in Namaqualand, South Africa. Rangeland Ecology & Management 72(1): 195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.rama.2018.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scoones I. 1995. Living with uncertainty: New directions in pastoral development in Africa. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Sonneveld BGJS, Keyzer MA, Georgis K, Pande S, Ali AS, Takele A. 2009. Following the Afar: Using remote tracking systems to analyze pastoralists’ trekking routes. Journal of Arid Environments 73(11): 1046–1050. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.05.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperling L. 1987. The labor organization of Samburu pastoralism. PhD Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Timpong-Jones EC, Samuels I, Sarkwa FO, Oppong-Anane K, Majekodumni AO. 2023. Transhumance pastoralism in West Africa–its importance, policies and challenges. African Journal of Range & Forage Science 40(1): 114–128. doi: 10.2989/10220119.2022.2160012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayumba G. 2004. A review of special land tenure issues in Kenya. Paper presented at FIG HABITAT ISK CASLE expert group meeting on secure land tenure: new legal frameworks and tools, 11–12 November Nairobi, Kenya. Available at: https://www.oicrf.org/documents/40950/43224/A+review+of+special+land+tenure+issues+in+Kenya.pdf/b5db5f0c-5895-adf9-e66f-929047911efd?t=1510170122411
   Google Scholar
• Wayumba G. (2017). A historical review of land tenure reforms in Kenya. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Studies 2(1): 45–51
   Google Scholar
• Yin RK. 1994. Case study research: design and methods (Applied Social Research Methods Series, Vol. 5). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Yin RK. 2014. Case study research: design and methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Zainal Z. 2007. Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan 5(1): 1–6. Available at: https://jurnalkemanusiaan.utm.my/index.php/kemanusiaan/article/view/165
   Google Scholar
• Zinsstag J, Bonfoh B, Zinsstag G, Crump L, Alfaroukh IO, et al. 2016. A vision for the future of pastoralism. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 35(2): 693–699. doi: 10.20506/rst.35.2.2550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar