Employment discrimination and HIV stigma: survey results from civil society organisations and people living with HIV in Africa

References

• African Journal of AIDS Research (AJAR) . 2003 . Special issue —Secrecy, stigma and HIV/AIDS . AJAR , 2 ( 2 ) : 85 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Baingana , F. , Thomas , R. and Comblain , C. 2005 . HIV/AIDS and Mental Health. , Washington, D.C. : The World Bank .
   Google Scholar
• Catalan , J. 1999 . Mental Health and HIV Infection: Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects , London : UCL Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deacon , H. , Stephney , I. and Prosalendis , S. 2005 . Understanding HIV/AIDS Stigma: Theoretical and Methodological Analysis , Cape Town, South Africa : HSRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Farmer , P. 1992 . AIDS and Accusation: Haiti and the Geography of Blame. , Berkeley, California : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fife , B. L. and Wright , E. R. 2000 . The dimensionality of stigma: a comparison of its impact on the self of persons with HIV/AIDS and cancer . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 41 ( 1 ) : 50 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman , M. , Nkomo , N. , Kafaar , Z. and Kelly , K. 2007 . Factors associated with prevalence of mental disorder in people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa . AIDS Care , 19 ( 10 ) : 1201 – 1209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gielen , A. C. , O’Campo , P. , Faden , R. R. and Eke , A. 1997 . Women's disclosure of HIV status: experiences of mistreatment and violence in an urban setting . Women and Health , 25 ( 3 ) : 19 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1963 . Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity , Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Herek , G. M. and Capitanio , J. P . 1993 . Public reactions to AIDS in the United States: a second decade of stigma . American Journal of Public Health , 83 ( 4 ) : 574 – 577 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herek , G. M. , Capitanio , J. P. and Widaman , K. F. 2002 . HIV-related stigma and knowledge in the United States: prevalence and trends, 1991–1999 . American Journal of Public Health , 92 ( 3 ) : 371 – 377 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ILO/AIDS . 2010 . Recommendation Concerning HIV and AIDS and the World of Work, 2010 (No. 200) Geneva June 2010 ILO Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World of Work (ILO/AIDS)
   Google Scholar
• Jewkes , R. 2006 . Beyond stigma: social responses to HIV in South Africa . The Lancet , 368 ( 9534 ) : 430 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalichman , S. C. , Simbayi , L. C. , Jooste , S. , Toefy , Y. , Cain , D. , Cherry , C. and Kagee , A. 2005 . Development of a brief scale to measure AIDS-related stigma in South Africa . AIDS and Behavior , 9 ( 2 ) : 135 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , K. , Freeman , M. , Nkomo , N. and Ntlabati , P. 2009 . “ The vicious circularity of mental health effects of HIV/AIDS: symptom and cause of poor responses to the epidemic ” . In Quality of Life and the Millennium Challenge: Advances in Quality-of-Life Studies, Theory and Research , Edited by: Moller , V. and Huschka , D. Springer : Social Indicators Research Series 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Link , B. G. and Phelan , J. C. 2001 . Conceptualizing stigma . Annual Review of Sociology , 27 : 363 – 385 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low , N. , Broutet , N. , Adu-Sarkodie , Y , Barton , P. , Hassain , M. and Hawkes , S. 2006 . Global control of sexually transmitted infections . The Lancet , 368 ( 9551 ) : 2001 – 2016 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann , J. M. 1992 . AIDS in the World. , Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Markowitz , F. E. 1998 . The effects of stigma on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of persons with mental illness . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 39 ( 4 ) : 335 – 347 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merson , M. H. , O’Malley , J. , Serwadda , D. and Apisuk , C. 2008 . The history and challenge of HIV prevention . The Lancet , 372 ( 9637 ) : 475 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills , E. A. 2006 . From the physical self to the social body: expressions and effects of HIV-related stigma in South Africa . Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology , 16 ( 6 ) : 498 – 503 .
   Google Scholar
• Mwaniki , R. and National Empowerment Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kenya (NEPHAK) . 2010 . Kenya: Stigma Index Report 2010 , Nairobi, Kenya : Draft report prepared for NEPHAK . [Forthcoming at: http://www.stigmaindex.org/; or contact Julian Hows at: [email protected]]
   Google Scholar
• National Empowerment Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kenya (NEPHAK) . 2010 . People Living with HIV, Stigma Index: Kenya , [For access to the data set, contact Julian Hows at: [email protected]]
   Google Scholar
• Network of Zambian People Living with HIV/AIDS (NZP+) . 2010 . People Living with HIV, Stigma Index: Zambia , [For access to the data set, contact Julian Hows at: [email protected]]
   Google Scholar
• NGO Delegation to the UNAIDS PCB . 2010a . NGO Delegation Annual Report to the UNAIDS Board. Stigma and Discrimination: Hindering Effective HIV Responses , 22 – 24 . Geneva, Switzerland : Presented at the 26th UNAIDS Board Meeting . June 2010
   Google Scholar
• NGO Delegation to the UNAIDS PCB . 2010b . 2010 UNAIDS PCB NGO Delegation Consultation ‘Stigma and Discrimination’ , Geneva : UNAIDS . unpublished [Data set available from Sara Simon at: [email protected]]
   Google Scholar
• NGO Delegation to the UNAIDS PCB . 2010c . Global Survey Results 2010 UNAIDS PCB NGO Delegation Consultation ‘Stigma and Discrimination: Hindering Effective HIV Responses , Geneva : UNAIDS . Available at: <http://unaidspcbngo.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/2010-NGO-Delegation-Consultation_Global-Survey-Results-EN.pdf>
   Google Scholar
• Pager , D. 2007 . The use of field experiments for studies of employment discrimination: contributions, critiques, and directions for the future . The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 609 ( 1 ) : 104 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Parker , R. and Aggleton , P. 2003 . HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: a conceptual framework and implications for action . Social Science and Medicine , 57 ( 1 ) : 13 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PCB NGO Representatives . 2010a . 26th Meeting of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board [PCB], Geneva, Switzerland, 22–24 June 2010: Report by the PCB NGO Representative , Geneva : UNAIDS . UNAIDS/PCB(26)/10.2
   Google Scholar
• PCB NGO Representatives . 2010b . 26th Meeting of the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board [PCB], Geneva, Switzerland,22–24 June 2010: Non-Discrimination in HIV Responses , Geneva : UNAIDS . UNAIDS/PCB(26)/10.3
   Google Scholar
• Piot , P. and Coll Seek , A. M. 2001 . International response to the HIV/ AIDS epidemic: planning for success . Bulletin of the World Health Organization , 79 ( 12 ) : 1106 – 1112 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sprague , C. and Dickinson , D. 2008 . Introduction to the special issue: HIV/AIDS and the world of work . African Journal of AIDS Research (AJAR) , 7 ( 3 ) : iii – vii .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stangl , A. , Go , V , Zelaya , C , Brady , L. , Nyblade , L. , Stackpool- Moore , L. , Hows , J. , Sprague , L. , Nykanen-Rettaroli , L. and De Zalduondo , B. 2010 . Enabling the scale-up of efforts to reduce HIV stigma and discrimination: a new framework to inform programme implementation and measurement 18 – 23 . Vienna, Austria [Abstract No. TUPE0564]. Poster presented at the 18th International AIDS Conference July 2010. The Economist [United Kingdom] (2004) ‘AIDS and business,’ 2 December
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS . 1999 . Peer Education and HIV/AIDS: Concepts, Uses and Challenges , Geneva : UNAIDS Best Practice Collection/Key .
   Google Scholar
• Material. UNAIDS . 2007 . Practical Guidelines for Intensifying HIV Prevention: Towards Universal Access , Geneva : UNAIDS .
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance . 2008a . Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: Core Data on Epidemiology and Response. Kenya: 2008 Update , Geneva : UNAIDS . October 2008
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance . 2008b . Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: Core Data on Epidemiology and Response. Zambia: 2008 Update , Geneva : UNAIDS . October 2008
   Google Scholar
• United Nations . 2001 . Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly, 55/13, Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS , New York : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• United Nations . 2010 . Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly, 65/1. Keeping the Promise: United to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals , New York : United Nations .
   Google Scholar
• Uys , L. R. 2003 . Aspects of the care of people with HIV/AIDS in South Africa . Public Health Nursing , 20 ( 4 ) : 271 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO, UNAIDS & UNICEF . 2010 . Towards Universal Access: Scaling Up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector. Progress Report 2010 , Geneva : World Health Organization (WHO), Department of HIV/AIDS .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , E. R. , Gronfein , W. P. and Owens , T. J. 2000 . Deinstitutionalization, social rejection, and the self-esteem of former mental patients . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 4 ( 1 ) : 68 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , L. H. , Kleinman , A. , Link , B. G. , Phelan , J. C , Lee , S. and Good , B. 2007 . Culture and stigma: adding moral experience to stigma theory . Social Science and Medicine , 64 ( 7 ) : 1524 – 1535 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar