Qualitative study of the influence of antidepressants on the psychological health of patients on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda

References

• Akena , D.H. , Musisi , S. and Kinyanda , E. 2010 . A comparison of the clinical features of depression in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in Uganda . African Journal of Psychiatry , 13 ( 1 ) : 43 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association 2000 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) (4th edition text revision) . Washington , D.C , American Psychiatric Association
   Google Scholar
• Ammassari , A. , Antinori , A. , Aloisi , M.S. , Trotta , M.P. , Murri , R. , Bartoli , L. , Monforte , A.D. , Wu , A.W. and Starace , F. 2004 . Depressive symptoms, neurocognitive impairment, and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected persons . Psychosomatics , 45 ( 5 ) : 394 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antelman , G. , Kaaya , S. , Wei , R. , Mbwambo , J. , Msamanga , G.I. , Fawzi , W.W. and Fawzi , M.C. 2007 . Depressive symptoms increase risk of HIV disease progression and mortality among women in Tanzania . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 44 ( 4 ) : 470 – 477 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard , J. , Freeley , F. and Rosen , S. 2009 . Economic and quality of life outcomes of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in developing countries: a systematic literature review . AIDS Care , 21 ( 11 ) : 1343 – 1356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard , H.R. 1988 . Research Methods in Cultural Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches , 4th edition , Beverly Hills , California : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Blaney , N.T. , Fernandez , I. , Ethier , K.A. , Wilson , T.E. , Walter , E. and Koenig , L.J. 2004 . Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of depression among HIV-infected pregnant women . AIDS Patient Care and STDs , 18 ( 7 ) : 405 – 415 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton , P. , Wilk , C.M. and Ndogoni , L. 2004 . Assessment of depression prevalence in rural Uganda using symptom and function criteria . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 39 ( 6 ) : 442 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braitstein , P. Boulle , A. Nash , D. Brinkhof , M.W. Dabis , F. Laurent , C. Schechter , M. Tuboi , S.H. Sprinz , E. Miotti , P. Hosseinipour , M. May , M. Egger , M. Bangsberg , D.R. Low , N. & the Antiretroviral Therapy in Lower-Income Countries (ART-LINC) Study Group 2008 Gender and the use of antiretroviral treatment in resource-constrained settings: findings from a multicenter collaboration . Journal of Women's Health 17 1 , pp. 47 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broadhead , J. , Abas , M. , Sakutukwa , G.K. , Chigwanda , M. and Garura , E. 2001 . Social support and life events as risk factors for depression mongst women in an urban setting in Zimbabwe . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 36 ( 3 ) : 115 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , P.Y. , Holman , A.R. , Freeman , M.C. and Patel , V. 2006 . What is the relevance of mental health to HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs in developing countries? A systematic review . AIDS , 20 ( 12 ) : 1571 – 1582 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobson , K.S. 1989 . A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 57 ( 3 ) : 414 – 419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrando , S.J. and Wapenyi , K. 2002 . Psychopharmacologic treatment of patients with HIV and AIDS . Psychiatric Quarterly , 73 ( 1 ) : 33 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gureje , O. and Obikoya , B. 1992 . Somatization in primary care: pattern and correlates in a clinic in Nigeria . Acta Psychiatrica Scandavica , 86 ( 3 ) : 223 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaharuza , F.M. , Bunnell , R. , Moss , S. , Purcell , D.W. , Bikaako-Kajura , W. , Wamai , N. , Downing , R. , Solberg , P. , Coutinho , A.& and Mermin , J. 2006 . Depression and CD4 cell count among persons with HIV infection in Uganda . AIDS and Behavior , 10 ( 1 ) : S105 – S111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller , M.B. , McCullough , J.P. and Klein , D.N. 2000 . A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression . New England Journal of Medicine , 342 ( 20 ) : 1462 – 1470 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , J.A. , Murphy , D.A. , Bahr , G.R. , Koob , J.J. , Morgan , M.G. , Kalichman , S.C. , Stevenson , L.Y. , Brasfield , T.L. , Bernstein , B.M.& and St Lawrence , J.S. 1993 . Factors associated with severity of depression and high-risk sexual behavior among persons diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection . Health Psychology , 12 ( 3 ) : 215 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , C.A. , Skurnick , J. , Wan , J.Y. , Quattrone , G. , Sheffet , A. , Quinones , M. , Wang , W. and Louria , D.B. 1993 . Psychological distress, drug and alcohol use as correlates of condom use in HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples . AIDS , 7 ( 11 ) : 1493 – 1499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavergne , F. , Berlin , I. , Gamma , A. , Stassen , H. and Angst , J. 2005 . Onset of improvement and response to mirtazapine in depression: a multicenter naturalistic study of 4 771 patients . Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment , 1 ( 1 ) : 59 – 68 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lima , V.D. , Geller , J. , Bangsberg , D.R. , Patterson , T.L. , Daniel , M.K.T. , Montaner , J.S.G. and Hogg , R.S. 2007 . The effect of adherence on the association between depressive symptoms and mortality among HIV-infected individuals first initiating HAART . AIDS , 21 ( 9 ) : 1175 – 1183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln , Y. and Guba , E. 1985 . Naturalistic Inquiry , Beverly Hills , California : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Linden , M. , Lecrubier , Y. , Bellantuono , C. , Benkert , O. , Kisely , S. and Simon , G. 1999 . The prescribing of psychotropic drugs by primary care physicians: an international collaborative study . Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology , 19 ( 2 ) : 132 – 140 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDermott , B.E. , Sautter , F.J. Jr , Winstead , D.K. and Quirk , T. 1994 . Diagnosis, health beliefs, and risk of HIV infection in psychiatric patients . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 45 ( 6 ) : 580 – 585 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mfusi , S.K. and Mahabeer , M. 2000 . Psychosocial adjustment of pregnant women infected with HIV/AIDS in South Africa . Journal of Psychology in Africa (South of the Sahara The Caribbean and Afro-Latin America) , 10 ( 2 ) : 122 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Muhwezi , W. , Ågren , H. and Musisi , S. 2007 . Detection of major depression in Ugandan primary health care settings using simple questions from a subjective wellbeing (SWB) subscale . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 42 ( 1 ) : 61 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhwezi , W. , Ågren , H. , Neema , S. , Maganda , A. and Musisi , S. 2007 . Life events associated with major depression in Ugandan primary care patients: issues of cultural specificity . International Journal of Social Psychiatry , 54 ( 2 ) : 144 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musisi , S. Nakasujja , N. & Zziwa , J. 2007 A comparison of depression among patients with HIV/AIDS and pulmonartuberculosis . Paper presented at the African Association of Psychiatry and Allied Professions Annual Conference , Kampala , , Uganda , August 2007 .
   Google Scholar
• Muula , A.S. Ngulube , T.J. , Siziya , S. Makupe , C.M. Umar , E. Prozesky , H.W. Wiysonge , C.S. & Mataya , R.H. 2007 Gender distribution of adult patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in southern Africa: a systematic review . BMC Public Health 7 ; doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngoma , M.C. , Prince , M. and Mann , A. 2003 . Common mental disorders among those attending primary health clinics and traditional healers in urban Tanzania . The British Journal of Psychiatry , 183 : 349 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okello , E.S. 2006 Cultural explanatory models of depression in Uganda . PhD thesis , Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm , Sweden, and Makerere University, Department of Psychiatry , Kampala , , Uganda .
   Google Scholar
• Okello , E.S. and Neema , S. 2006 . Explanatory models and help-seeking behavior: pathways to psychiatric care among patients admitted for depression in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda . Journal of Qualitative Health Research , 17 ( 1 ) : 14 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olleya , B.O. , Seedat , S. and Stein , D.J. 2006 . Persistence of psychiatric disorders in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in South Africa: a 6-month follow-up study . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 61 ( 4 ) : 479 – 484 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel , V. , Araya , R. and Bolton , P. 2004 . Treating depression in the developing world . Tropical Medicine and International Health , 9 ( 5 ) : 539 – 541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preau , M. , Bonnet , A. , Bouhnik , A.D. , Fernandez , L. , Obadia , Y. and Spire , B. 2008 . Anhedonia and depressive symptomatology among HIV-infected patients with highly active antiretroviral therapies (ANRS-EN12-VESPA) . Encephale , 34 ( 4 ) : 385 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachman , S. 1997 . “ The evolution of cognitive behaviour therapy ” . In Science and Practice of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy , Edited by: Clark , D. , Fairburn , C.G. and Gelder , M.G. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , G. and Bernard , H.R. 2000 . “ Data management and analysis methods ” . In Handbook of Qualitative Research , 2nd edition , Edited by: Lincoln , I.N. Thousand Oaks , California : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Sebit , M.B. , Tombe , M. , Siziya , S. , Balus , S. , Nkmomo , S.D. and Maramba , P. 2003 . Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and psychiatric disorders and their related risk factors among adults in Epworth, Zimbabwe . East African Medical Journal , 80 ( 10 ) : 503 – 512 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stangl , A.L. , Wamai , N. , Mermin , J. , Awor , A.C. and Bunnell , R.E. 2007 . Trends and predictors of quality of life among HIV-infected adults taking highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda . AIDS Care , 19 ( 5 ) : 626 – 636 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starace , F. Ammassari , A. Trotta , M.P. Murri , R. De Longis , P. Izzo , C. Scalzini , A. Monforte , A. Wu , A.W. & Antinori , A. for the AdICoNA and the NeuroICoNA Study Groups 2002 Depression is a risk factor for suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy , Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 31 supplement 3 , pp. S136 – S139 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Treisman , G. , Lyketsos , C.G. , Fishman , M. , Hanson , A.L. , Rosenblatt , A. and McHugh , P.R. 1993 . Psychiatric care for patients with HIV infection; the varying perspectives . Psychosomatics , 34 ( 5 ) : 432 – 439 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , G. , Rabkin , J.G. and Rabkin , R. 1996 . A comparative analysis of standard and alternative antidepressants in the treatment of HIV patients . Comprehensive Psychiatry , 37 ( 6 ) : 402 – 408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilk , C.M. and Bolton , P. 2002 . Local perceptions of the mental health effects of the Uganda acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 190 ( 6 ) : 394 – 397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun , L.W. , Maravi , M.B.S. , Kobayashi , J.S. , Barton , P.L. and Davidson , A.J. 2005 . Antidepressant treatment improves adherence to antiretroviral therapy among depressed HIV-infected patients . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , 38 ( 4 ) : 432 – 557 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zisook , S. , Peterkin , J. , Goggin , K.J. , Sledge , P. , Atkinson , J.H. and Grant , I. 1998 . Treatment of major depression in HIV-seropositive men . The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 59 ( 5 ) : 217 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar