References
- Auerbach, J. D., Parkhurst, J. O., & Cáceres, C. F. (2011). Addressing social drivers of HIV/AIDS for the long-term response: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 6(sup3), S293–S309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.594451
- Bandali, S. (2011). Norms and practices within marriage which shape gender roles, HIV/AIDS risk and risk reduction strategies in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique. AIDS Care, 23(9), 1171–1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2011.554529
- Barker, G. T., Ricardo, C., & Nascimento, M. (2007). Engaging men and boys in changing gender-based inequity in health: Evidence from programme interventions. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/gender/documents/Engaging_men_boys.pdf
- Barker, G., Greene, M., & Siegel, E. G. (2010). What men have to do with it: Public policies to promote gender equality. Retrieved from http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/What-Men-Have-to-Do-With-It.pdf
- Barlow, T. E., Yue Dong, M., Poiger, U. G., Ramamurthy, P., Thomas, L. M., & Weinbaum, A. E. (2005). The modern girl around the world: A research agenda and preliminary findings. Gender & History, 17(2), 245–294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-5233.2006.00382.x
- Cassell, M. M., Halperin, D., Shelton, J. D., & Stanton, D. (2006). Risk compensation: The Achilles heel of innovations in HIV prevention. British Medical Journal, 332(7541), 605–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7541.605
- Cassell, M. M., & Surdo, A. (2007). Testing the limits of case finding for HIV prevention. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7(7), 491–495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70114-7
- Coates, T. J., Richter, L., & Caceres, C. (2008). Behavioral strategies to reduce HIV transmission: how to make them work better. The Lancet, 372(9639), 669–684 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60886-7
- Connell, R., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829–859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639
- de Walque, D. (2007). Sero-discordant couples in five African countries: Implications for prevention strategies. Population and Development Review, 33(3), 501–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00182.x
- Decker, M. R., Seage, G. R., Hemenway, D., Raj, A., Saggurti, N., Balaiah, D., & Silverman, J. G. (2009). Intimate partner violence functions as both a risk marker and risk factor for women's HIV infection: Findings from Indian husband-wife dyads. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 51(5), 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a255d6
- Degenhardt, L., Mathers, B., Guarinieri, M., Panda, S., Phillips, B., Strathdee, S. A., … Howard, J. (2010). Meth/amphetamine use and associated HIV: Implications for global policy and public health. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 21(5), 347–358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.11.007
- Delius, P., & Glaser, C. (2002). Sexual socialisation in South Africa: A historical perspective. African Studies, 61(1), 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020180220140064
- Devries, K. M., Mak, J. Y. T., García-Moreno, C., Petzold, M., Child, J. C., Falder, G., … Watts, C. H. (2013). The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women. Science, 340(6140), 1527–1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1240937
- Doherty, M., Ford, N., Vitoria, M., Weiler, G., & Hirnschall, G. (2013). The 2013 WHO guidelines for antiretroviral therapy: Evidence-based recommendations to face new epidemic realities. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 8(6), 528–534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000008
- Dube, M., & Sachingongu, N. (2008). Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Zambia: A Target Audience Research Report. Zambia Centre for Communications Programs. Retrieved from http://www.comminit.com/hiv-aids-africa/content/multiple-and-concurrent-sexual-partnerships-zambia-target-audience-research-report
- Dunkle, K. L., Jewkes, R. K., Nduna, M., Levin, J., Jama, N., Khuzwayo, N., … Duvvury, N. (2006). Perpetration of partner violence and HIV risk behaviour among young men in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa. AIDS (London, England), 20(16), 2107–2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000247582.00826.52
- Dunkle, K. L., & Jewkes, R. (2007). Effective HIV prevention requires gender-transformative work with men. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 83(3), 173–174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2007.024950
- Dunkle, K. L., Jewkes, R., Nduna, M., Jama, N., Levin, J., Sikweyiya, Y., & Koss, M. P. (2007). Transactional sex with casual and main partners among young South African men in the rural Eastern Cape: Prevalence, predictors, and associations with gender-based violence. Social Science & Medicine, 65(6), 1235–1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.029
- Dunkle, K. L., Stephenson, R., Karita, E., Chomba, E., Kayitenkore, K., Vwalika, C., … Allen, S. (2008). New heterosexually transmitted HIV infections in married or cohabiting couples in urban Zambia and Rwanda: An analysis of survey and clinical data. Lancet, 371(9631), 2183–2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60953-8
- Ellsberg, M. (2006a). Violence against women and the Millennium Development Goals: Facilitating women's access to support. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 94(3), 325–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2006.04.021
- Ellsberg, M. (2006b). Violence against women: A global public health crisis. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34(1), 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14034940500494941
- Ellsberg, M., Arango, D. J., Morton, M., Gennari, F., Kiplesund, S., Contreras, M., & Watts, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: What does the evidence say? Lancet, 385(9977), 1555–1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61703-7
- Epstein, H., Swidler, A., Gray, R., Reniers, G., Parker, W., Parkhurst, J., … Halperin, D. (2010). Measuring concurrent partnerships. Lancet, 375(9729), 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60864-1 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60864-1
- Epstein, H., & Morris, M. (2011). Concurrent partnerships and HIV: An inconvenient truth. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 14(1), 13, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-14-13
- Eyawo, O., De Walque, D., Ford, N., Gakii, G., Lester, R. T., & Mills, E. J. (2010). HIV status in discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10(11), 770–777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70189-4
- Fishel, J., Ortiz, L., & Barrere, B. (2012). Measuring Concurrent Sexual Partnerships: Experience of the Measure DHS Project to Date. Calverton, MD: IFC International.
- Fisher, J., Cook, P. A., Sam, N. E., & Kapiga, S. H. (2008). Patterns of alcohol use, problem drinking, and hiv infection among high-risk African women. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 35(6), 537–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181677547
- Garcia-Moreno, C., Heise, L., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., & Watts, C. (2005). Violence against women. Science, 310(5752), 1282–1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1121400
- Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: Findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. Lancet, 368(9543), 1260–1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69523-8
- Gerntholtz, L., Gibbs, A., & Willan, S. (2011). The African women's protocol: Bringing attention to reproductive rights and the MDGs. PLoS Medicine, 8(4), e1000429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000429
- Gibbs, A., Crone, E. T., Willan, S., & Mannell, J. (2012). The inclusion of women, girls and gender equality in National Strategic Plans for HIV and AIDS in southern and eastern Africa. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 7(10), 1120–1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2012.701319
- Goetz, A. M. (2006). Institutionalising women's interests and accountability to women in development (Introduction). Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 37(4), 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2006.tb00289.x
- Green, E. C., Halperin, D. T., Nantulya, V., & Hogle, J. (2006). Uganda's HIV prevention success: The role of sexual behaviour change and the national response. AIDS and Behavior, 10(4), 335–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-006-9073-y
- Green, E. (2009). Establishing risk elimination and improving harm reduction in aids prevention. Russian Journal of AIDS, Cancer and Public Health, 13, 46–56.
- Green, E. C., Mah, T. L., Ruark, A., & Hearst, N. (2009). A framework of sexual partnerships: Risks and implications for HIV prevention in Africa. Studies in Family Planning, 40(1), 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2009.00187.x
- Green, E. C., & Ruark, A. H. (2011). AIDS, Behaviour, and Culture: Understanding Evidence-Based Prevention. California: Left Coast Press Inc.
- Greig, A., Peacock, D., Jewkes, R., & Msimang, S. (2008). Gender and AIDS: Time to act. AIDS (London, England), 22(Suppl 2), S35–S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000327435.28538.18
- Gregson, S., Gonese, E., Hallett, T. B., Taruberekera, N., Hargrove, J. W., Lopman, B., … Mugurungi, O. (2010). HIV decline in Zimbabwe due to reductions in risky sex? Evidence from a comprehensive epidemiological review. International Journal of Epidemiology, 39(5), 1311–1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq055
- Gupta, G. R., Ogden, J., & Warner, A. (2011). Moving forward on women's gender-related HIV vulnerability: The good news, the bad news and what to do about it. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 6(sup3), S370–S382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.617381
- Halperin, D. T., & Epstein, H. (2004). Concurrent sexual partnerships help to explain Africa's high HIV prevalence: Implications for prevention. Lancet, 364(9428), 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16606-3
- Halperin, D. T., & Epstein, H. (2007). Opinion-Why is HIV prevalence so severe in southern Africa.? The role of multiple concurrent partnerships and lack of male circumcision-implications for HIV prevention. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 8, 19–25.
- Halperin, D. T., Mugurungi, O., Hallett, T. B., Muchini, B., Campbell, B., Magure, T., … Gregson, S. (2011). A surprising prevention success: Why did the HIV epidemic decline in Zimbabwe? PLoS Medicine, 8(2), e1000414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000414
- Hawkes, S., & Buse, K. (2013). Gender and global health: Evidence, policy, and inconvenient truths. Lancet, 381(9879), 1783–1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60253-6
- Hawkins, K., Price, N., & Mussá, F. (2009). Milking the cow: Young women's construction of identity and risk in age-disparate transactional sexual relationships in Maputo, Mozambique. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 4(2), 169–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690701589813
- Helleringer, S., & Kohler, H. P. (2007). Sexual network structure and the spread of HIV in Africa: Evidence from Likoma Island, Malawi. AIDS (London, England), 21(17), 2323–2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328285df98
- Higgins, J. A., Hoffman, S., & Dworkin, S. L. (2010). Rethinking gender, heterosexual men, and women's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 435–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.159723
- Holter, Ø. G., Svare, H., & Egeland, C. (2009). Gender Equality and Quality of Life: A Norwegian Perspective. Oslo: The Nordic Gender Institute (NIKK). Retrieved from http://eng.kilden.forskningsradet.no/c52781/publikasjon/vis.html?tid=61033&strukt_tid=52781)
- Hunter, M. (2002). The materiality of everyday sex: Thinking beyond ‘prostitution’. African Studies, 61(1), 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020180220140091
- Hunter, M. (2004). Masculinities, multiple-sexual-partners, and AIDS: the making and unmaking of Isoka in KwaZulu-Natal. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa, 54, 123–153. doi: 10.1353/trn.2004.0019
- Hunter, M. (2005). Cultural politics and masculinities: Multiple-partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7(4), 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691050412331293458
- James, V., & Matikanya, R. (2006). Protective Factors: A Case Study for Ngudzeni ADP (Swaziland). World Vision Australia/Swaziland. (Obtained via email)
- Jewkes, R., Nduna, M., Levin, J., Jama, N., Dunkle, K., Khuzwayo, N., … Duvvury, N. (2006). A cluster randomized‐controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of Stepping Stones in preventing HIV infections and promoting safer sexual behaviour amongst youth in the rural Eastern Cape, South Africa: Trial design, methods and baseline findings. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 11(1), 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01530.x
- Jewkes, R., Nduna, M., Levin, J., Jama, N., Dunkle, K., Koss, M., … Duvvury, N. (2008). Impact of Stepping Stones on HIV, HSV-2 and sexual behaviour in rural South Africa: Cluster randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 337(aug07 1), a506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a506
- Jewkes, R., Sikweyiya, Y., Morrell, R., & Dunkle, K. (2009). Understanding men's health and use of violence: interface of rape and HIV in South Africa. Technical Report. Pretoria: Medical Research Council. Retrieved from http://www.mrc.ac.za/gender/interfaceofrape&hivsarpt.pdf)
- Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2010). Gender and sexuality: Emerging perspectives from the heterosexual epidemic in South Africa and implications for HIV risk and prevention. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 13, 1–11. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-1
- Jewkes, R. K., Dunkle, K., Nduna, M., & Shai, N. (2010). Intimate partner violence, relationship power inequity, and incidence of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: A cohort study. Lancet, 376(9734), 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60548-X
- Kalichman, S. C., Simbayi, L. C., Vermaak, R., Cain, D., Smith, G., Mthebu, J., & Jooste, S. (2008). Randomized trial of a community-based alcohol-related HIV risk-reduction intervention for men and women in Cape Town South Africa. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36(3), 270–279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9067-2
- Karlyn, A. S. (2005). Intimacy revealed: Sexual experimentation and the construction of risk among young people in Mozambique. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7(3), 279–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691050412331334362
- Knopf, A., Agot, K., Sidle, J., Naanyu, V., & Morris, M. (2014). “This is the medicine:” A Kenyan community responds to a sexual concurrency reduction intervention. Social Science & Medicine, 108, 175–184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.039
- Krishnan, S., Dunbar, M. S., Minnis, A. M., Medlin, C. A., Gerdts, C. E., & Padian, N. S. (2008). Poverty, gender inequities, and women's risk of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136(1), 101–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1425.013
- Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2002). Youth, HIV/AIDS and the importance of sexual culture and context. Social Dynamics, 28(1), 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533950208458721
- Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2003). Transactional sex and the pursuit of modernity. Social Dynamics, 29(2), 213–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533950308628681
- Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2008). Age-disparate and intergenerational sex in southern Africa: The dynamics of hypervulnerability. AIDS (London, England), 22(Suppl 4), S17–S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000341774.86500.53
- Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2009). Cultural scripts for multiple and concurrent partnerships in Southern Africa: Why HIV prevention needs anthropology. Sexual Health, 6(2), 103–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/SH08032
- Limwame, K., & Kumwenda, M. (2008). Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Malawi: A Target Audience Research Report - September 2008. Lilongwe, Malawi: One Love.
- Longwe, S. H. (1997). The evaporation of gender policies in the patriarchal cooking pot. Development in Practice, 7(2), 148–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614529754611
- Luke, N. (2003). Age and economic asymmetries in the sexual relationships of adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. Studies in Family Planning, 34(2), 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2003.00067.x
- Lurie, M. N., Williams, B. G., Zuma, K., Mkaya-Mwamburi, D., Garnett, G. P., Sturm, A. W., … Abdool Karim, S. S. A. (2003). The impact of migration on HIV-1 transmission in South Africa: A study of migrant and non-migrant men and their partners. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 30(2), 149–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200302000-00011
- Mah, T. L. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of concurrent sexual partnerships among young people in South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 37(2), 105–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181bcdf75
- Mah, T. L., & Maughan-Brown, B. (2013). Social and cultural contexts of concurrency in a township in Cape Town, South Africa. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 15(2), 135–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2012.745951
- Maman, S., Campbell, J., Sweat, M. D., & Gielen, A. C. (2000). The intersections of HIV and violence: Directions for future research and interventions. Social Science & Medicine, 50(4), 459–478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00270-1
- Maman, S., Mbwambo, J. K., Hogan, N. M., Kilonzo, G. P., Campbell, J. C., Weiss, E., & Sweat, M. D. (2002). HIV-positive women report more lifetime partner violence: Findings from a voluntary counselling and testing clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. American Journal of Public Health, 92(8), 1331–1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.92.8.1331
- Mishra, V., Assche S. B-V., Greener, R., Vaessen, M., Hong, R., Ghys, P. D., … Rutstein, S. (2007). HIV infection does not disproportionately affect the poorer in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS (London, England), 21(Suppl 7), S17–S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000300532.51860.2a
- Morrell, R., & Jewkes, R. (2009). Men who care in South Africa. A case study of masculinities and gender equality. Technical Report. Medical Research Council, Pretoria. (Accessed via email)
- Morris, M., & Kretzschmar, M. (1997). Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV. AIDS (London, England), 11(5), 641–648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199705000-00012
- Morris, M. (2010). Barking up the wrong evidence tree. Comment on Lurie & Rosenthal, “Concurrent partnerships as a driver of the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa? The evidence is limited. AIDS and Behavior, 14(1), 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-009-9639-6
- Morris, M., Epstein, H., & Wawer, M. (2010). Timing is Everything: International variations in historical sexual partnership concurrency and HIV prevalence. PLoS One, 5(11), e14092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014092
- Motemekoabe, I., & Malope, M. (2008). Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Lesotho: A Target Audience Research Report - September 2008. Maseru, Lesotho: Phela.
- Muchini, B., Benedikt, C., Gregson, S., Gomo, E., Mate, R., Mugurungi, O., … Halperin, D. (2011). Local perceptions of the forms, timing and causes of behavior change in response to the AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe. AIDS and Behavior, 15(2), 487–498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9783-z
- Murphy, E., & Greene, M. (2006). Defending the ABCs of AIDS: A feminist perspective. George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services. Retrieved from www.ccih.org/…/ABCs_SupportingDocument_Murphy_CCIH2006.doc
- Negin, J., Martiniuk, A., Cumming, R. G., Naidoo, N., Phaswana-Mafuya, N., Madurai, L., … Kowal, P. (2012). Prevalence of HIV and chronic comorbidities among older adults. AIDS (London, England), 26, S55–S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283558459
- Nkambule, M., Mbingo, S., & Malinga, M. (2008). Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Swaziland: A Target Audience Research Report — September 2008. Mbabane, Swaziland: Lusweti.
- Nkosana, J., & Rosenthal, D. (2007). Saying no to intergenerational sex: The experience of schoolgirls in Botswana, Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies: An International Interdisciplinary Journal for Research. Policy and Care, 2, 1–11. doi: 10.1080/17450120701203627
- Parker, W., Makhubele, B., Ntlabati, P., & Connolly, C. (2007). Concurrent Sexual Partnerships amongst Young Adults in South Africa. Johannesburg: CADRE.
- Peacock, D., Khumalo, B., & McNab, E. (2006). Men and gender activism in South Africa: Observations, critique and recommendations for the future. Agenda (Durban, South Africa), 69, 71–81.
- Peacock, D., Stemple, L., Sawires, S., & Coates, T. J. (2009). Men, HIV/AIDS, and human rights. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 51(supplement 3), S119–S125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181aafd8a
- Piot, P., Bartos, M., Larson, H., Zewdie, D., & Mane, P. (2008). Coming to terms with complexity: A call to action for HIV prevention. Lancet, 372(9641), 845–859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60888-0
- Piot, P., Kazatchkine, M., Dybul, M., & Lob-Levyt, J. (2009). AIDS: Lessons learnt and myths dispelled. Lancet, 374(9685), 260–263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60321-4
- Potts, M., Halperin, D. T., Kirby, D., Swidler, A., Marseille, E., Klausner, J. D., … Walsh, J. (2008). Reassessing HIV Prevention. Science, 320(5877), 749–750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1153843
- Ragnarsson, A., Townsend, L., Thorson, A., Chopra, M., & Ekström, A. M. (2009). Social networks and concurrent sexual relationships – a qualitative study among men in an urban South African community. AIDS Care, 21(10), 1253–1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120902814361
- Ruark, A. H. (2008, May). HIV risk and marriage in Africa. Paper presented at the Global Health Council Annual Conference, Washington, DC. Vol. 28. Retrieved from http://216.38.63.186/presentations/HIV_Risk_and_Marriage_in_Africa_HerlingRuark.pdf
- Ruark, A., Dlamini, L., Mazibuko, N., Green, E. C., Kennedy, C., Nunn, A., … Surkan, P. J. (2014). Love, lust and the emotional context of multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships among young Swazi adults. African Journal of AIDS Research, 13(2), 133–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2014.927781
- SANAC (South African National AIDS Council). (2012). National Strategic Plan on HIV, STIs and TB, 2012–2016. Pretoria: Government of South Africa.
- Serwadda, D., Gray, R. H., Wawer, M. J., Stallings, R. Y., Sewankambo, N. K., Lainjo, J. K. K.-L. B., & Kelly, R. (1995). The social dynamics of HIV transmission as reflected through discordant couples in rural Uganda. AIDS (London, England), 9(7), 745–750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199507000-00012
- Shelton, J. D., Halperin, D. T., Nantulya, V., Potts, M., Gayle, H. D., & Holmes, K. K. (2004). Partner reduction is crucial for a balanced ‘ABC’ approach to HIV prevention. British Medical Journal, 328(7444), 891–893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7444.891
- Shelton, J. D. (2007). Ten myths and one truth about generalized HIV epidemics. Lancet, 370(9602), 1809–1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61755-3
- Silverman, J. G. (2010). Key to prevent HIV in women: Reduce gender-based violence. Lancet, 376(9734), 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60971-3
- Siu, G. E., Seeley, J., & Wight, D. (2013). Dividuality, masculine respectability and reputation: How masculinity affects men's uptake of HIV treatment in rural eastern Uganda. Social Science & Medicine, 89, 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.025
- Smith, D. J. (2007). Modern marriage, men's extramarital sex, and HIV risk in south-eastern Nigeria. American Journal of Public Health, 97(6), 997–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.088583
- Stemple, L. (2009). Male rape and human rights. The Hastings Law Journal, 60, 605–647.
- Stoneburner, R., & Low-Beer, D. (2004). Population level HIV declines and behavioral risk avoidance in Uganda. Science, 304(5671), 714–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1093166
- Tawfik, L., & Watkins, S. C. (2007). Sex in Geneva, sex in Lilongwe, and sex in Balaka. Social Science & Medicine, 64(5), 1090–1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.002
- UN. 2000a. United Nations Millennium Declaration Retrieved from http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.pdf
- UN. 2000b. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Retrieved from http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
- UN. 2011. Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS: Intensifying our Efforts to Eliminate HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/document/2011/06/20110610_un_a-res-65-277_en.pdf
- UN. 2013. Report of the Secretary General: Implementation of the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS and the Political Declarations on HIV and AIDS Accelerating the AIDS response: achieving the targets of the 2011 Political Declaration. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/67/822
- UN. 2015a. Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/
- UN (United Nations Statistics Division). 2015b. The World's Women Report: Trends and Statistics. Retrieved from http://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/worldswomen.html
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS). 2008. Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Towards Universal Access. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2009/name,33948,en.asp
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS). (2009) Reference Group on Measurement and Modelling: HIV: consensus indicators are needed for concurrency. Lancet, 375(9715), 621–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62040-7
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS). 2009b. Joint Action for Results: UNAIDS Outcome Framework 2009–2011. Retrieved from http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2010/jc1713_joint_action_en.pdf
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS). 2010. Agenda for Accelerated Country Action for Women, Girls, Gender Equality and HIV 2010-2014. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/20100226_jc1794_agenda_for_accelerated_country_action_en_0.pdf
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS). 2012. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2012. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2012/name,76121,en.asp
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS). 2013. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2013. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2013/gr2013/UNAIDS_Global_Report_2013_en.pdf
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS). 2014. The Gap Report. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/2014gapreport
- UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme for HIV/AIDS). 2015. How AIDS changed everything. MDG 6: 15 years, 15 lessons of hope from the AIDS response. Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2015/MDG6_15years-15lessonsfromtheAIDSresponse
- UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2013. Roadmap on mainstreaming gender into national HIV strategies and plans. Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/hiv-aids/roadmap-on-mainstreaming-gender-into-national-hiv-strategies-and.html
- UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund). (2010). Engaging Men and Boys in Gender Equality and Health. Retri eve d fro m http://www.unfpa.org/publications/engaging-men-and-boys-gender-equality-and-health
- UN Women. (2014). HeforShe. Retrieved from http://www.heforshe.org/en
- Van der Straten, A., King, R., Grinstead, O., Vittinghoff, E., Serufilira, A., & Allen, S. (1998). Sexual coercion, physical violence, and HIV infection among women in steady relationships in Kigali, Rwanda. AIDS and Behavior, 2(1), 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022311424652
- Wamai, R. G., Morris, B. J., Bailis, S. A., Sokal, D., Klausner, J. D., Appleton, R., … Banerjee, J. (2011). Male circumcision for HIV prevention: Current evidence and implementation in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 14(1), 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-14-49 doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-14-49
- Wilson, D. (2004). Partner reduction and the prevention of HIV/AIDS: The most effective strategies come from within communities. British Medical Journal, 328(7444), 848–849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7444.848
- Wilson, D., & Halperin, D. T. (2008). “Know your epidemic, know your response”: A useful approach, if we get it right. Lancet, 372(9637), 423–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60883-1
- WHO (World Health Organization). (2012). Male Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241503679/en/
- WHO (World Health Organization). (2015). Fact sheet No. 360. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs360/en/
- Wingood, G. M., DiClemente, R. J., Robinson-Simpson, L., Lang, D. L., Caliendo, A., & Hardin, J. W. (2013). Efficacy of an HIV intervention in reducing high-risk HPV, non-viral STIs, and concurrency among African-American women: A randomized controlled trial. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 63, S36–S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182920031
- Wood, K., Maforah, F., & Jewkes, R. (1998). “He forced me to love him”: Putting violence on adolescent sexual health agendas. Social Science & Medicine, 47(2), 233–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00057-4
- Wood, K. (2005). Contextualizing group rape in post-apartheid South Africa. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7(4), 303–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691050500100724
- Wood, K., Lambert, H., & Jewkes, R. (2008). Physical violence in young South Africans’ sexual relationships. Medical Anthropology, 27, 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740701831427