References
- Abdool Karim, Q. A., Meyer-Weitz, A., Mboyi, L., Carrara, H., Mahlase, G., Frohlich, J. A., & Abdool Karim, S. S. (2008). The influence of AIDS stigma and discrimination and social cohesion on HIV testing and willingness to disclose HIV in rural KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 3(4), 351–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690802076496
- Abdool Karim, S. S. (2011). Stigma impedes AIDS prevention. Nature, 474(7349), 29–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/474029a
- Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. (2017). Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013: a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. The Lancet HIV, 4(8), e349–e356. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30066-8
- Berendes, S., & Rimal, R. N. (2011). Addressing the slow uptake of HIV testing in Malawi: The role of stigma, self-efficacy, and knowledge in the Malawi BRIDGE Project. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 22(3), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2010.08.005
- Bor, J., Herbst, A. J., Newell, M.-L., & Bärnighausen, T. (2013). Increases in adult life expectancy in rural South Africa: Valuing the scale-up of HIV treatment. Science, 339(6122), 961–965. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1230413
- Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., … Fleming, T. R. (2011). Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. The New England Journal of Medicine, 365(6), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1105243
- Famoroti, T. O., Fernandes, L., & Chima, S. C. (2013). Stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS by healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Medical Ethics, 14(Suppl 1), S6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6939-14-S1-S6
- Genberg, B. L., Kawichai, S., Chingono, A., Sendah, M., Chariyalertsak, S., Konda, K. A., & Celentano, D. D. (2008). Assessing HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination in developing countries. AIDS and Behavior, 12(5), 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9340-6
- Green, G. (1995). Attitudes towards people with HIV: Are they as stigmatizing as people with HIV perceive them to be? Social Science & Medicine, 41(4), 557–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)00376-5
- Hamra, M., Ross, M. W., Orrs, M., & D’Agostino, A. (2006). Relationship between expressed HIV/AIDS-related stigma and HIV-beliefs/knowledge and behaviour in families of HIV infected children in Kenya. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 11(4), 513–527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01583.x
- Herek, G. M. (2002). Thinking About AIDS and stigma: a psychologist’s perspective. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 30(4), 594–607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2002.tb00428.x
- Huerga, H., Van Cutsem, G., Ben Farhat, J., Reid, M., Bouhenia, M., Maman, D., … Ellman, T. (2016). Who needs to be targeted for HIV testing and treatment in KwaZulu-Natal? Results from a population-based survey. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 73(4), 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001081
- Hutchinson, P. L., & Mahlalela, X. (2006). Utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. AIDS Care, 18(5), 446–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120500213511
- Insight Start Study Group. (2015). Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection. The New England Journal of Medicine, 373(9), 795–807. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1506816
- Johnson, L. F., Rehle, T. M., Jooste, S., & Bekker, L.-G. (2015). Rates of HIV testing and diagnosis in South Africa: Successes and challenges. AIDS (London, England), 29(11), 1401–1409. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000721
- Kalichman, S. C., & Simbayi, L. C. (2003). HIV testing attitudes, AIDS stigma, and voluntary HIV counselling and testing in a black township in Cape Town, South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 79(6), 442–447. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.79.6.442
- MacPherson, P., Webb, E. L., Choko, A. T., Desmond, N., Chavula, K., Napierala Mavedzenge, S., … Corbett, E. L. (2011). Stigmatising attitudes among people offered home-based HIV testing and counselling in Blantyre, Malawi: Construction and analysis of a stigma scale. PLoS One, 6(10), e26814. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026814
- Mall, S., Middelkoop, K., Mark, D., Wood, R., & Bekker, L. G. (2013). Changing patterns in HIV/AIDS stigma and uptake of voluntary counselling and testing services: The results of two consecutive community surveys conducted in the Western Cape, South Africa. AIDS Care, 25(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2012.689810
- Maughan-Brown, B. (2006). Attitudes towards people with HIV/AIDS: Stigma and its determinants amongst young adults in Cape Town, South Africa. South African Review of Sociology, 37(2), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21528586.2006.10419153
- Maughan-Brown, B. (2010). Stigma rises despite antiretroviral roll-out: A longitudinal analysis in South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 70(3), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.041
- Maughan-Brown, B., Lloyd, N., Bor, J., & Venkataramani, A. (2016). Changes in self-reported HIV testing during South Africa’s 2010/2011 national testing campaign: Gains and shortfalls. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 19(1), 20658. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.19.1.20658
- Maughan-Brown, B., & Nyblade, L. (2014). Different dimensions of HIV-related stigma may have opposite effects on HIV testing: Evidence among young men and women in South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 18(5), 958–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0636-4
- Maughan-Brown, B., & Spaull, N. (2014). HIV-related discrimination among grade six students in nine Southern African countries. PLoS One, 9(8), e102981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102981
- Peltzer, K., & Ramlagan, S. (2011). Perceived stigma among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: A prospective study in KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. AIDS Care, 23(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.498864
- Pitpitan, E. V., Kalichman, S. C., Eaton, L. A., Cain, D., Sikkema, K. J., Skinner, D., … Pieterse, D. (2012). AIDS-related stigma, HIV testing, and transmission risk among patrons of informal drinking places in Cape Town, South Africa. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 43(3), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-012-9346-9
- Scambler, G., & Hopkins, A. (1986). Being epileptic: Coming to terms with stigma. Sociology of Health & Illness, 8(1), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep11346455
- Simbayi, L. C., Kalichman, S., Strebel, A., Cloete, A., Henda, N., & Mqeketo, A. (2007). Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Social Science & Medicine, 64(9), 1823–1831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.01.006
- Tanser, F., Bärnighausen, T., Grapsa, E., Zaidi, J., & Newell, M.-L. (2013). High coverage of ART associated with decline in risk of HIV acquisition in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Science, 339(6122), 966–971. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228160
- Temprano ANRS 12136 Study Group. (2015). A trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa. New Englnd Journal of Medicine, 373, 808–822. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1507198
- Turan, J. M., Bukusi, E. A., Onono, M., Holzemer, W. L., Miller, S., & Cohen, C. R. (2011). HIV/AIDS stigma and refusal of HIV testing among pregnant women in rural Kenya: Results from the MAMAS Study. AIDS and Behavior, 15(6), 1111–1120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-010-9798-5
- UNAIDS. (2014). 90-90-90: An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/90-90-90_en_0.pdf
- Verhave, C. (2012). AIDS stigma in students: exploring barriers to prevention. An exploratory study on perceived HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, barriers to HIV testing, HIV knowledge and disclosure behaviours among students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ( Master’s thesis). VU University, Amsterdam.
- Visser, M. J., Makin, J. D., Vandormael, A., Sikkema, K. J., & Forsyth, B. W. (2009). HIV/AIDS stigma in a South African community. AIDS Care, 21(2), 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120801932157
- Zelaya, C. E., Sivaram, S., Johnson, S. C., Srikrishnan, A. K., Solomon, S., & Celentano, D. D. (2008). HIV/AIDS stigma: reliability and validity of a new measurement Instrument in Chennai, India. AIDS and Behavior, 12(5), 781–788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-007-9331-7