References
- Adepoju, A., & Mbugua, W. (1997). The African family: an overview of changing forms. Family, Population and Development in Africa. London: Zed Books.
- AIDSinfo (2020). Country fact sheets – South Africa. https://aidsinfo.unaids.org/
- Asaolu, I. O., Gunn, J. K., Center, K. E., Koss, M. P., Iwelunmor, J. I., & Ehiri, J. E. (2016). Predictors of HIV testing among youth in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study. PloS One, 11(10), e0164052. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164052
- Berendes, S., & Rimal, R. N. (2011). Addressing the slow uptake of HIV testing in Malawi: the role of stigma, self-efficacy, and knowledge in the Malawi BRIDGE Project. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 22(3), 215–228. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2010.08.005
- Bingenheimer, J. B. (2010). Men’s multiple sexual partnerships in 15 sub-Saharan African countries: Sociodemographic patterns and implications. Studies in Family Planning, 41(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2010.00220.x
- Bor, J., Herbst, A. J., Newell, M. L., & Bärnighausen, T. (2013). Increases in adult life expectancy in rural South Africa: valuing the scale-up of HIV treatment. Science, 339(6122): 961–965. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1230413
- Carrasco, M. A., Fleming, P., Wagman, J., & Wong, V. (2018). Toward 90-90-90: identifying those who have never been tested for HIV and differences by sex in Lesotho. AIDS Care, 30(3), 284–288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2017.1372559
- Chen, L., Jha, P., Stirling, B., Sgaier, S. K., Daid, T., Kaul, R., & International Studies of HIV/AIDS (ISHA) Investigators. (2007). Sexual risk factors for HIV infection in early and advanced HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic overview of 68 epidemiological studies. PLoS One 2(1): e1001. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001001
- Conserve, D., Sevilla, L., Mbwambo, J., & King, G. (2013). Determinants of previous HIV testing and knowledge of partner’s HIV status among men attending a voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. American Journal of Men’s Health, 7(6), 450–460. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988312468146
- Dinh, T., Kamb, M. L., Msimang, V., Likibi, M., Molebatsi, T., Goldman, T., & Lewis, D. A. (2013). Integration of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis testing and treatment in antenatal care services in the Northern Cape and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 40(11), 846–851. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000042
- Dodoo, F. N. A., & Frost, A. E. (2008). Gender in African population research: The fertility/reproductive health example. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 431–452. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.34.040507.134552
- Ellaway, A., & Macintyre, S. (2009). Are perceived neighbourhood problems associated with the likelihood of smoking? Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 63(1), 78–80. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.068767
- Ellen, J. M., Jennings, J. M., Meyers, T., Chung, S. E., & Taylor, R. (2004). Perceived social cohesion and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 31(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/01.OLQ.0000110467.64222.61
- Estrella, M. L., & Kelley, M. A. (2017). Exploring the meanings of place attachment among civically engaged Puerto Rican youth. Journal of Community Practice, 25(3-4), 408–431. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2017.1347844
- Fonjungo, P. N., Boeras, D. I., Zeh, C., Alexander, H., Parekh, B. S., & Nkengasong, J. N. (2016). Access and quality of HIV-related point-of-care diagnostic testing in global health programs. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 62(3), 369–374. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ866
- Ford, N., Migone, C., Calmy, A., Kerschberger, B., Kanters, S., Nsanzimana, S., Mills, E. J., Meintjes, G., Vitoria, M., Doherty, M., & Shubber, Z. (2018). Benefits and risks of rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (London, England), 32(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001671
- Frumkin, H. (2003). Healthy places: exploring the evidence. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1451–1456. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1451
- Goga, A. E., Dinh, T. H., Jackson, D. J., Lombard, C., Delaney, K. P., Puren, A., Sherman, G., Woldesenbet, S., Ramokolo, V., Crowley, S., Doherty, T., Chopra, M., Shaffer, N., & Pillay, Y. (2015). First population-level effectiveness evaluation of a national programme to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child, South Africa. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69, 240–248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-204535
- Gómez-Olivé, X. F., Houle, B., Rosenberg, M., Kabudula, C., Mojola, S., Rohr, J. K., Clark, S., Angotti, N., Schatz, E., Kahn, K., Bärnighausen, T., & Menken, J. (2020). Brief report: HIV incidence among older adults in a rural South African setting: 2010–2015. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 85(1), 18–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002404
- Gómez-Olivé, X. F., Montana, L., Wagner, R. G., Kabudula, C. W., Rohr, J. K., Kahn, K., Bärnighausen, T., Collinson, M., Canning, D., Gaziano, T., Salomon, J. A., Payne, C. F., Wade, A., Tollman, S. M., & Berkman, L. (2018). Cohort profile: Health and ageing in Africa: A longitudinal study of an INDEPTH community in South Africa (HAALSI). International Journal of Epidemiology, 47(3), 689–690. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx247
- Gosling, E., & Williams, K. J. (2010). Connectedness to nature, place attachment and conservation behaviour: Testing connectedness theory among farmers. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(3), 298–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.01.005
- Harris, T. G., Rabkin, M. & El-Sadr, W. M. (2018). Achieving the fourth 90: Healthy aging for people living with HIV. AIDS (London, England), 32, 1563–1569. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000001870
- Heckathorn, D. D., Broadhead, R. S., Anthony, D. L., & Weakliem, D. L. (1999). AIDS and social networks: HIV prevention through network mobilization. Sociological Focus, 32(2), 159–179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1999.10571133
- Hontelez, J. A., de Vlas, S. J., Baltussen, R., Newell, M.-L., Bakker, R., Tanser, F., Lurie, M., & Bärnighausen, T. (2012). The impact of antiretroviral treatment on the age composition of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS, 26(S1): S19–S30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283558526
- Hystad, P., & Carpiano, R. M. (2012). Sense of community-belonging and health-behaviour change in Canada. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.103556
- Jennings, J. M., Hensel, D. J., Tanner, A. E., Reilly, M. L., Ellen, J. M. (2014). Are social organizational factors independently associated with a current bacterial sexually transmitted infection among urban adolescents and young adults? Social Science and Medicine, 118, 52–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.062
- Johnson, L. F., Chiu, C., Myer, L., Davies, M., Dorrington, R. E., Bekker, L., Boulle, A. & Meyer-Rath, G. (2016). Prospects for HIV control in South Africa: A model-based analysis. Global Health Action, 9, 30314 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.30314
- Johnson, L. F., van Rensburg, C., Govathson, C., & Meyer-Rath, G. (2019). Optimal HIV testing strategies for South Africa: a model-based evaluation of population-level impact and cost-effectiveness. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 12621. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49109-w
- Kahn, K., Collinson, M. A., Gómez-Olivé, X. F., Mokoena, O., Twine, R., Mee, P., Afolabi, S. A., Clark, B. D., Kabudula, C. W., Khosa, A., Khoza, S., Shabangu, M. G., Silaule, B., Tibane, J. B., Wagner, R. G., Garenne, M. L., Clark, S. J., & Tollman, S. M. (2012). Profile: Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance System. International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(4), 988–1001. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys115
- Kimani-Murage, E. W., Kahn, K., Pettifor, J. M., Tollman, S. M., Dunger, D. B., Gómez-Olivé, X. F., & Norris, S. A. (2010). The prevalence of stunting, overweight and obesity, and metabolic disease risk in rural South African children. BMC Public Health, 10, 158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-158
- Kimani-Murage, E. W., Kahn, K., Pettifor, J. M., Tollman, S. M., Klipstein-Grobusch, K., & Norris, S. A. (2011). Predictors of adolescent weight status and central obesity in rural South Africa. Public Health Nutrition, 14(6), 1114–1122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011000139
- Lengen, C., & Kistemann, T. (2012). Sense of place and place identity: Review of neuroscientific evidence. Health & Place, 18(5), 1162–1171. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.01.012
- Lippman, S. A., Donini, A., Diaz, J., Chinaglia, M., Reingold, A., & Kerrigan, D. (2010). Social-environmental factors and protective sexual behavior among sex workers: the Encontros intervention in Brazil. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl 1), S216– S223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.147462
- Lippman, S. A., Leslie, H. H., Neilands, T. B., Twine, R., Grignon, J. S., MacPhail, C., Morris, J., Rebombo, D., Sesane, M., El Ayadi, A. M., Pettifor, A., & Kahn, K. (2018). Context matters: Community social cohesion and health behaviors in two South African areas. Health & Place, 50, 98–104. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.12.009
- Manzo, L. C., & Perkins, D. D. (2006). Finding common ground: The importance of place attachment to community participation and planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 20(4), 335–350. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412205286160
- Mesch, G. S., & Manor, O. (1998). Social ties, environmental perception, and local attachment. Environment and Behavior, 30(4), 504–519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/001391659803000405
- Milaszewski, D., Greto, E., Klochkov, T., & Fuller-Thomson, E. (2012). A systematic review of education for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among older adults. Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 9(3), 213–230. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15433714.2010.494979
- Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations. Simon and Schuster.
- Rollero, C., & De Piccoli, N. (2010). Does place attachment affect social well-being?. European Review of Applied Psychology, 60(4), 233–238. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2010.05.001
- Rosenberg, M. S., Gómez-Olivé, X. F., Rohr, J. K., Houle, B. C., Kabudula, C. W., Wagner, R. G., Salomon, J. A., Kahn, K., Berkman, L. F., Tollman, S. M., & Bärnighausen, T. (2017). Sexual behaviors and HIV status: A population-based study among older adults in rural South Africa. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 74(1), e9–e17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001173
- Rosenberg, N. E., Kamanga, G., Pettifor, A. E., Bonongwe, N., Mapanje, C., Rutstein, S. E., Ward, M., Hoffman, I. F., Martinson, F., & Miller, W. C. (2014). STI patients are effective recruiters of undiagnosed cases of HIV: results of a social contact recruitment study in Malawi. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 65(5), e162–e169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000066
- Schatz, E. & Knight, L. (2018). “I was referred from the other side”: Gender and HIV testing among older South Africans living with HIV. PLoS One, 13(4), e0196158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196158
- Schneider, J., Kumar, R., Dandona, R., Kumar, P., Kumar, A., Lakshmi, V., Laumann, E., Mayer, K., & Dandona, L. (2012). Social network and risk-taking behavior most associated with rapid HIV testing, circumcision, and preexposure prophylaxis acceptability among high-risk Indian men. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 26(10), 631–640. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2012.0188
- Schumann, C., Kahn, D., Broaddus, M., Dougherty, J., Elderbrook, M., Vergeront, J., & Westergaard, R. (2019). Implementing a standardized social networks testing strategy in a low HIV prevalence jurisdiction. AIDS and Behavior, 23(S1), 41–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2146-x
- Siu, G. E., Wight, D., & Seeley, J. A. (2014). Masculinity, social context and HIV testing: an ethnographic study of men in Busia district, rural eastern Uganda. BMC Public Health, 14, 33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-33
- Ssali, S., Wagner, G., Tumwine, C., Nannungi, A., & Green, H. (2012). HIV clients as agents for prevention: a social network solution. AIDS Research and Treatment, 2012, 815823. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/815823
- Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(3), 309–317. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
- Subramanian, S. V., Kim, D. J., & Kawachi, I. (2002). Social trust and self-rated health in US communities: a multilevel analysis. Journal of Urban Health, 79(S1), S21–S34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jurban/79.suppl_1.S21
- UNAIDS. (2017). Ending AIDS: progress towards the 90–90–90 targets. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2017/90-90-90
- UNAIDS. (2018). Women and girls and HIV. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2018/women_girls_hiv
- UNAIDS. (2019). South African Country Statistics. United Nation AIDS. http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/southafrica
- UNAIDS. (2020). 90-90-90: Treatment for all. https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/90-90-90-treatment-cascade_en.pdf
- Valente, T. W. (2012). Network interventions. Science, 337(6090), 49–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1217330
- Williams, A., & Kitchen, P. (2012). Sense of place and health in Hamilton, Ontario: A case study. Social Indicators Research, 108(2), 257–276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0065-1
- Yamanis, T. J., Dervisevic, E., Mulawa, M., Conserve, D. F., Barrington, C., Kajula, L. J., & Maman, S. (2017). Social network influence on HIV testing among urban men in Tanzania. AIDS and Behavior, 21(4), 1171–1182. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1513-8