Exploring the impacts of and reactions to HIV diagnosis in older adults: narratives from Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa

References

• Ansari, D. A., & Gaestel, A. (2010). Senegalese religious leaders’ perceptions of HIV/AIDS and implications for challenging stigma and discrimination. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 12(6), 633–648. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691051003736253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audet, C. M., Blevins, M., Rosenberg, C., Farnsworth, S., Salato, J., Fernandez, J., & Vermund, S. H. (2014). Symptomatic HIV-positive persons in rural Mozambique who first consult a traditional healer have delays in HIV testing: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 66(4), e80. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach, C., & Beckerman, N. L. (2010). HIV/AIDS prevention in New York City: Identifying sociocultural needs of the community. Social Work in Health Care, 49(2), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981380903158011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beer, L., McCree, D. H., Jeffries, W. L., IV, Lemons, A., & Sionean, C. (2019). Recent US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention activities to reduce HIV stigma. [JIAPAC]. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325958218823541
   Google Scholar
• Becker, T. D., Ho-Foster, A. R., Poku, O. B., Marobela, S., Mehta, H., Cao, D. T. X., Yang, L. S., Blank, L. I., Dipatane, V. I., Moeng, L. R., Molebatsi, K., Eisenberg, M. M., Barg, F. K., Blank, M. B., Opondo, P. R., & Yang, L. H. (2019). “It’s when the trees blossom”: Explanatory beliefs, stigma, and mental illness in the context of HIV in Botswana. Qualitative Health Research, 29(11), 1566–1580. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732319827523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• Butler, I., MacLeod, W., Majuba, P. P., & Tipping, B. (2018). Human immunodeficiency virus infection and older adults: A retrospective single-site cohort study from Johannesburg, South Africa. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 19(1), 838. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v19i1.838
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cahill, S., & Valadéz, R. (2013). Growing older with HIV/AIDS: New public health challenges. American Journal of Public Health, 103(3), e7–e15. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain, R., Jackson, R., Prentice, T., Collins, E., Mill, J., & Barlow, K. (2013). The experience of HIV diagnosis among Aboriginal people living with HIV/AIDS and depression. Qualitative Health Research, 23(6), 815–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732313482525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, A. Y., Gómez-Olivé, F. X., Manne-Goehler, J., Wade, A. N., Tollman, S., Gaziano, T. A., & Salomon, J. A. (2019). Multimorbidity and care for hypertension, diabetes and HIV among older adults in rural South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 97(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.18.217000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels, J., De Vos, L., Mogos, W., Olivier, D., Shamu, S., Mudau, M., Klausner, J., & Medina-Marino, A. (2019). Factors influencing sexually transmissible infection disclosure to male partners by HIV-positive pregnant women in Pretoria townships, South Africa: A qualitative study. Sexual Health, 16(3), 274–281. https://doi.org/10.1071/SH18177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vos, A. S., Delport, C. S. L., Fouché, C. B., & Strydom, H. (2011). Research at grass roots: A primer for the social science and human professions. Van Schaik Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Dodd, P. J., Garnett, G. P., & Hallett, T. B. (2010). Examining the promise of HIV elimination by ‘test and treat’ in hyperendemic settings. AIDS (London, England), 24(5), 729–735. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e32833433fe
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doody, O., & Noonan, M. (2013). Preparing and conducting interviews to collect data. Nurse Researcher, 20(5), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2013.05.20.5.28.e327
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferreira, H. J. (2019). Health and physical education professionals’ salutogenic and pedagogical practices for working with disadvantaged older adults. Repositório Institucional UNESP. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/190929
   Google Scholar
• Iwuji, C. C., Orne-Gliemann, J., Larmarange, J., Balestre, E., Thiebaut, R., Tanser, F., Okesola, N., Makowa, T., Dreyer, J., Herbst, K., McGrath, N., Bärnighausen, T., Boyer, S., De Oliveira, T., Rekacewicz, C., Bazin, B., Newell, M. L., Pillay, D., Dabis, F., … Rekacewicz, C., & the ANRS 12249 TasP Study Group. (2018). Universal test and treat and the HIV epidemic in rural South Africa: A phase 4, open-label, community cluster randomised trial. The Lancet. HIV, 5(3), e116–e125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30205-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, L. F., Dorrington, R. E., & Moolla, H. (2017). Progress towards the 2020 targets for HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 18(1), 694. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, N. B., Hayes, L. D., Brown, K., Hoo, E. C., & Ethier, K. A. (2014). CDC National Health Report: Leading causes of morbidity and mortality and associated behavioral risk and protective factors —United States, 2005–2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (Suppl. 2014 Oct 31), 63(4), 3–27. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/su6304.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Koschorke, M., Evans-Lacko, S., Sartorius, N., & Thornicroft, G. (2017). Stigma in different cultures. In Wolfgang Gaebel, Wulf Rössler, & Norman Sartorius (Eds.), The Stigma of Mental Illness — End of the Story? (pp. 67–82). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27839-1_4
   Google Scholar
• Kraaij, V., van der Veek, S. M., Garnefski, N., Schroevers, M., Witlox, R., & Maes, S. (2008). Coping, goal adjustment, and psychological well-being in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 22(5), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2007.0145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, T., Pettifor, A., Pascoe, S., Fiamma, A., & Rees, H. (2006). Heterosexual anal intercourse increases risk of HIV infection among young South African men. AIDS (London, England), 20(1), 123–125. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000198083.55078.02
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lather, P. A. (1997). Troubling the angels: Women living with HIV/AIDS. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429503429
   Google Scholar
• Lowther, K., Harding, R., Simms, V., Gikaara, N., Ahmed, A., Ali, Z., Kariuki, H., Sherr, L., Higginson, I. J., & Selman, L. (2018). Effect of participation in a randomised controlled trial of an integrated palliative care intervention on HIV-associated stigma. AIDS Care, 30(9), 1180–1188. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2018.1465176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinnon, A. K. (2018). Surviving a death sentence. MA thesis, City University of New York. CUNY Academic Works. https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gj_etds/292
   Google Scholar
• Mason, P., Augustyn, M., & Seakhoa-King, A. (2010). Exploratory study in tourism: Designing an initial, qualitative phase of sequenced, mixed methods research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5), 432–448. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.763
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, E. E., Chirwa, T. F., & Lewis, D. A. (2010). Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in heterosexual South African men attending sexual health services: Associations between HPV and HIV serostatus. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(3), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2009.037598 PMID:19880970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumtaz, Z., Salway, S., Waseem, M., & Umer, N. (2003). Gender-based barriers to primary health care provision in Pakistan: The experience of female providers. Health Policy and Planning, 18(3), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czg032 PMID:12917267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, N., & Holodniy, M. (2008). HIV infection in the elderly. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 3(3), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.2147/cia.s2086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyashanu, M., & Serrant, L. (2016). Engaging black sub-Saharan African communities and their gatekeepers in HIV prevention programs: Challenges and strategies from England. Family Medicine and Community Health, 4(4), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.15212/FMCH.2016.0130
   Google Scholar
• Oraka, E., Mason, S., & Xia, M. (2018). Too old to test? Prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among sexually active older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 61(4), 460–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2018.1454565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pence, B. W., O’Donnell, J. K., & Gaynes, B. N. (2012). Falling through the cracks: The gaps between depression prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and response in HIV care. AIDS (London, England), 26(5), 656–658. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283519aae
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risher, K., Mayer, K. H., & Beyrer, C. (2015). HIV treatment cascade in MSM, people who inject drugs, and sex workers. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 10(6), 420–429. https://doi.org/10.1097/COH.0000000000000200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roura, M., Urassa, M., Busza, J., Mbata, D., Wringe, A., & Zaba, B. (2009). Scaling up stigma? The effects of antiretroviral roll-out on stigma and HIV testing. Early evidence from rural Tanzania. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 85(4), 308–312. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2008.033183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Cantero, M. T., Vives-Cases, C., Artazcoz, L., Delgado, A., García Calvente, M. M., Miqueo, C., Montero, I., Ortiz, R., Ronda, E., Ruiz, I., & Valls, C. (2007). A framework to analyse gender bias in epidemiological research. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61(Suppl 2), ii46–ii53. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.062034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlebusch, L., & Govender, R. D. (2015). Elevated risk of suicidal ideation in HIV-positive persons. Depression Research and Treatment, 2015, 609172. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/609172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seeley, J., Bond, V., Yang, B., Floyd, S., MacLeod, D., Viljoen, L., Phiri, M., Simuyaba, M., Hoddinott, G., Shanaube, K., Bwalya, C., de Villiers, L., Jennings, K., Mwanza, M., Schaap, A., Dunbar, R., Sabapathy, K., Ayles, H., Bock, P., … Fidler, S., & the HPTN 071 (PopART) study team. (2019). Understanding the time needed to link to care and start ART in seven HPTN 071 (PopART) study communities in Zambia and South Africa. AIDS and Behavior, 23(4), 929–946. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2335-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrant-Green, L. (2011). The sound of ‘silence’: a framework for researching sensitive issues or marginalised perspectives in health. Journal of Research in Nursing, 16(4), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987110387741
   Google Scholar
• Singh, S., Song, R., Johnson, A. S., McCray, E., & Hall, H. I. (2018). HIV incidence, prevalence, and undiagnosed infections in US men who have sex with men. Annals of Internal Medicine, 168(10), 685–694. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-2082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stall, R., Friedman, M., & Catania, J. A. (2008). Interacting epidemics and gay men’s health: a theory of syndemic production among urban gay men. In Richard J. Wolitski, Ron Stall, & Ronald O. Valdiserri (Eds.), Unequal opportunity: Health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men in the United States (pp. 251-274). Oxford Scholarship Online. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.003.0009
   Google Scholar
• Thames, A. D., Streiff, V., Patel, S. M., Panos, S. E., Castellon, S. A., & Hinkin, C. H. (2012). The role of HIV infection, cognition, and depression in risky decision-making. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 24(3), 340–348. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.11110340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsang, E. Y. H., Qiao, S., Wilkinson, J. S., Fung, A. L. C., Lipeleke, F., & Li, X. (2019). Multilayered stigma and vulnerabilities for HIV infection and transmission: a qualitative study on male sex workers in Zimbabwe. American Journal of Men’s Health, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318823883
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viljoen, L., Wademan, D., Hoddinott, G., Bond, V., Seeley, J., Bock, P., Fidler, S., Reynolds, L., & the HPTN 071 (PopART) team. (2021). The act of telling: South African women’s narratives of HIV status disclosure to intimate partners in the HPTN 071 (PopART) HIV prevention trial. Women’s Health (London, England), 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745506521998204
   Google Scholar
• Widman, L., Golin, C. E., Grodensky, C. A., & Suchindran, C. (2013). Do safer sex self-efficacy, attitudes toward condoms, and HIV transmission risk beliefs differ among men who have sex with men, heterosexual men, and women living with HIV? AIDS and Behavior, 17(5), 1873–1882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-0108-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Guidance on couple’s HIV testing and counselling including antiretroviral therapy for treatment and prevention in serodiscordant couples: Recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar