References
- Abdool Karim, S. (2020). Criminalisation of transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a potential challenge to controlling the outbreak in South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 110(6), 458–460. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i6.14753
- African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights. (2010). Principles and Guidelines on the Interpretation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. https://www.achpr.org/public/Document/file/English/achpr_instr_guide_draft_esc_rights_eng.pdf
- American Association for the International Commission of Jurists (AAICJ). (1985). The Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/1984/07/Siracusa-principles-ICCPR-legal-submission-1985-eng.pdf
- Avavia, T., Konstantinov, B., Esom, K., Sanjuan, J.R. & Schleifer, R. (2020). A rights-based response to COVID-19: lessons learned from HIV and TB epidemics. Health and Human Rights Journal. https://www.hhrjournal.org/2020/03/a-rights-based-response-to-covid-19-lessons-learned-from-hiv-and-tb-epidemics/
- Bird, S. M., & Brown, A. J. L. (2001). Criminalisation of HIV transmission: Implications for public health in Scotland. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 323, 1174–1177. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7322.1174
- Burris, S., & Cameron, E. (2008). The case against Criminalization of HIV transmission. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300(5), 578–581. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.5.578
- Cameron, E. (1993). Legal rights, human rights and AIDS: the first decade. Report from South Africa. AIDS Analysis Africa, 3(6), 3–4.
- Chabana, C. (2020). Public participation is the biggest casualty of Covid-19. News24. https://www.news-24.com/news24/columnists/guestcolumn/opinion-public-participation-is-the-biggest-casualty-of-covid-19-20200728
- Fee, E., & Parry, M. (2008). Jonathan Mann, HIV/AIDS, and human rights. Journal of Public Health Policy, 29(1), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200160
- Jensen, S. L. (2020, April 9). Global HIV/AIDS response, shows human rights is path to success against COVID19. OpenGlobalRights. https://www.openglobalrights.org/global-hiv-aids-response-shows-human-rights-is-path-to-success-against-covid-19/
- Naicker, I. (2020, June 11). The voices missing from South Africa’s response to COVID-19. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-voices-missing-from-south-africas-response-to-covid-19-139403
- Nicola, M., O’Neill, N., Sohrabi, C., Khan, M., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic-review article. International Journal of Surgery 77: 206–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.001
- Nienaber, A. (2017). The “intentional” sexual transmission of HIV: a note of caution in light of Phiri v S. Southern African Public Law, 29(2), 522–533. https://doi.org/10.25159/2522-6800/3666
- Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR). (2008). Fact sheet no. 31: The right to health. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/en/publications/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-no-31-right-health
- Organization of African Unity. (1981) African (Banjul) Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21I.L.M. 58.
- Pūras D., Bueno de Mesquita, J., Cabal, L., Maleche, A., Mason Meier, B. (2020). The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19. The Lancet 395(10241), 1888–1890, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31255-1.
- Rall, S. (2020, March 25). KZN businessman arrested for attempted murder after testing positive, absconding coronavirus quarantine. The Mercury. https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/kzn-businessman-arrested-for-attempted-murder-after-testing-positive-absconding-coronavirus-quarantine-45527106
- Runji, N. (2020). Conducting oversight and promoting public participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Democracy Works Foundation. https://democracyworks.org.za/conducting-oversight-and-promoting-public-participation-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/
- Republic of South Africa (RSA). (1997). State of Emergency Act 64 of 1997. Government Gazette 18450. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a64-97.pdf
- Republic of South Africa (RSA). (2003). Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002. Government Gazette 24252. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a57-020.pdf
- Republic of South Africa (RSA). (2003). National Health Act 61 of 2003. Government Gazette 26595.
- Republic of South Africa (RSA). (2007). Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act 32 of 2007. Government Gazette 30599. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/a32-070.pdf
- Republic of South Africa (RSA). (2017, December 15). Government Notice 1434: Regulations relating to the surveillance and the control of notifiable medical conditions. Government Gazette 41330.
- Republic of South Africa (RSA). (2020, March 18). Government Notice 318: Regulations issued in terms of section 27(2) of the Disaster Management Act, 2002. Government Gazette 43107.
- Republic of South Africa (RSA). (2020, March 25). Government Notice 398: Amendment of regulations issued in terms of section 27(2). Government Gazette, 43148.
- Sandford, A. (2020) Coronavirus: half of humanity on lockdown in 90 countries. Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-in-europe-spain-s-death-toll-hits-10-000-after-record-950-new-deaths-in-24-hou
- Somse, P., & Eba, P. M. (2020). Lessons from HIV to guide COVID-19 responses in the Central African Republic. Health and Human Rights, 22(1), 371–374.
- UNAIDS. (2022) Rights in the time of COVID-19 — Lessons from HIV for an effective, community-led response. UNAIDS. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2020/human-rights-and-covid-19
- UN Commission on Human Rights. (1984). The Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. E/CN.4/1985/4.
- United Nations General Assembly. (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. General Assembly resolution 217A. U.N. Doc A/810 at 71.
- United Nations General Assembly. (1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Available at https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b36c0.html
- United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (UNCESCR). (2000). General comment no. 14: The right to the highest attainable standard of health (Art. 12) E/C.12/2000/4. Available at https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4538838d0.pdf
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2005). International Health Regulations. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241580410
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2020a). COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update – 29 December 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update--29-december-2020
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2020b). A guide to preventing and addressing social stigma. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/covid19-stigma-guide.pdf
- Zarifi, S., & Powers, K. (2020). COVID-19 Symposium: human rights in the time of COVID-19 – front and Centre. Opinio Juris. http://opiniojuris.org/2020/04/06/covid-19-human-rights-in-the-time-of-covid-19-front-and-centre/
Case law
- B and Others v Minister of Correctional Services and Others (1997) 6 BCLR 789 (C).
- De Beer and Others v Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs [2020] ZAGPPHC 184; 2020 (11) BCLR 1349 (GP).
- C v Minister of Correctional Services (1996) 4 SA 292 (T).
- Du Plooy v Minister of Correctional Services and Others (2004) 3 All SA 613 (T).
- EN and Others v Government of RSA and Others 2006 (6) SA 543 (D); 2007 (1) BCLR 84 (D).
- Fair-Trade Independent Tobacco Association v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another [2020] ZAGPPHC 246; 2020 (6) SA 513 (GP); 2021 (1) BCLR 68 (GP).
- Hoffmann v South African Airways [2000] ZACC 17; 2001 (1) SA 1; 2000 (11) BCLR 1211 ; [2000] 12 BLLR 1365 (CC).
- Joy Mining Machinery a division of Harnischfeger (South Africa) (Pty) Limited v National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA) and Others [2002] ZALC 7.
- Khosa and Others v Minister of Defence and Military Defence and Military Veterans and Others ([2020] ZAGPPHC 147; 2020 (7) BCLR 816 (GP); [2020] 3 All SA 190 (GP); [2020] 8 BLLR 801 (GP); 2020 (5) SA 490 (GP); 2020 (2) SACR 461 (GP).
- Minister of Health and Others v Treatment Action Campaign and Others [2002] ZACC 15; 2002 (5) SA 721; 2002 (10) BCLR 1033
- Minister of Health, Western Cape v Goliath [2008] ZAWCHC 41; 2009 (2) SA 248 (C).
- NM and Others v Smith and Others [2007] ZACC 6; 2007 (5) SA 250 (CC); 2007 (7) BCLR 751 (CC).
- Phiri v S 2013 ZAGPPHC 279 (2014) 1 SACR 211.
- S v Nyalungu [2013] ZAGPPHC 279; 2014 (1) SACR 211 (GNP).