Reproductive biology and breeding of Barbus paludinosus and B. trimaculatus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Lake Chilwa, Malawi: implications for fisheries management

References

• Ambali , A JD and Kabwazi , H H . 1999 . The study offish reproductive biology in Lake Chilwa and Mpoto Lagoon, with special reference to fishery conservation measures and in relation to changes in lake regime , Zomba : DANIDA/Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs . State of the Environment Study No. 6
   Google Scholar
• Babiker , M M and Ibrahim , H . 1979 . Studies on the biology of reproduction in the cichlid Tilapia nilotica (L.): gonadal maturation and fecundity . Journal of Fish Biology , 14 : 437 – 448 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beadle , LC. 1974 . The inland waters of tropical Africa , 1st edn , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Bell-Cross , G and Minshull , J L . 1988 . The fishes of Zimbabwe , Harare : Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe .
   Google Scholar
• Beverton , R JH and Holt , S J . 1957 . On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Fisheries Investigation Series 2 , UK Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food .
   Google Scholar
• Bourn , DM. 1974 . The feeding ecology of three commercially important fish species in Lake Chilwa, Malawi . African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiology , 3 : 135 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Caddy , J F and Bazigos , G P . 1985 . Practical guidelines for statistical monitoring of fisheries in manpower-limited situations . FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 257. Rome: FAO ,
   Google Scholar
• Cantrell , MA. 1988 . Effect of lake level fluctuations on the habitats of benthic invertebrates in a shallow tropical lake . Hydrobiologia , 158 : 125 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crass , RS. 1964 . Freshwater fishes of Natal , Pietermaritzburg : Shuter and Shooter .
   Google Scholar
• Delaney , L. 2006 . “ Fishing community ecology in relation to land and lotic parameters in Mnembo River catchment (southern Africa) ” . Canada : MSc thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland .
   Google Scholar
• Delaney , L M , Jamu , D M and Campbell , C E . 2007 . Abundance and distribution of fish in the lower Mnembo River, Malawi-Mozambique . African Journal of Ecology , 3 : 390 – 397 .
   Google Scholar
• Duponchelle , F , Ribbink , A J , Msukwa , A , Mafuka , J and Mandere , D . 2000 . “ Depth distribution and breeding patterns of the demersal species most commonly caught by trawlers in the south west arm of Lake Malawi ” . In Fish ecology report. Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa Biodiversity Conservation Project , Edited by: Duponchelle , F and Ribbink , A J . 15 – 19 . Gabarone : South African Development Community . Washington, DC: Global Environment Facility
   Google Scholar
• EAD (Environmental Affairs Department) . 2000 . “ Lake Chilwa Wetland State of the Environment ” . Lilongwe : Environmental Affairs Department .
   Google Scholar
• Ellis , J R and Shackley , S E . 1997 . The reproductive biology of Scyliorhinus canicula in the Bristol Channel, U.K . Journal of Fish Biology , 51 : 361 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froese , R. 2004 . Keep it simple: three indicators to deal with overfishing . Fish and Fisheries , 5 : 86 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furse , MT. 1979 . Reproduction and growth in the three open water species of fishes . Monographiae Bioliologicae , 35 : 188 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Furse , M T , Kirk , R C , Morgan , P R and Tweddle , D . 1979 . “ Fishes: distribution and biology in relation to changes ” . In Lake Chilwa: studies of change in a tropical ecosystem. Monographiae Biologicae , Edited by: Kalk , M , McLachlan , A J and Howard-Williams , C . Vol. 35 , 175 – 208 . The Hague : W Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Hoening , J M and Hewitt , D A . 2005 . What can we learn about mortality from sex ratio data? A look at lumpfish in Newfoundland . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 134 : 754 – 761 .
   Google Scholar
• Howard-Williams , C. 1975 . Vegetation changes in a shallow African lake: response of the vegetation to a recent dry period . Hydrobiologia , 47 : 381 – 398 .
   Google Scholar
• Howard-Williams , C. 1979 . “ Interactions between swamp and lake; chemical and physical characteristics of Lake Chilwa swamps ” . In Lake Chilwa: studies of change in tropical ecosystem. Monographiae Biologicae , Edited by: Kalk , M , McLachlan , A J and Howard-William , C . Vol. 35 , 17 – 39 . The Hague : W Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Howard-Williams , C , Furse , M , Schulten-Senden , C , Bourn , D and Lenton , G . 1972 . “ Lake Chilwa, Malawi, studies on the tropical freshwater ecosystems ” . Report to IBP/UNESCO on synthesis of PF results; 12–18 September 1972, Reading, England
   Google Scholar
• Howard-Williams , C and Howard-Williams , W . 1978 . Nutrient leaching from the swamp vegetation of Lake Chilwa, a shallow African Lake . Aquatic Botany , 4 : 257 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamu , D M and Brummett , R E . 1999 . “ Fish reproduction in Lake Chilwa, with special emphasis on Barbus paludinosus and the status of the watershed ” . Zomba : DANIDA/Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs . State of the Environment Study No. 5
   Google Scholar
• Jamu , D M , Delaney , L M , Campbell , C E and Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada . 2006 . “ Transboundary management plan for Lake Chilwa catchment ” . In Proceedings of a conference on highlighting the impacts of north-south research collaboration among Canadian and southern high education partners , 14 – 44 . Canada : Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Kalindekafe , MP. 1999 . “ Review of the environmental impact assessment ” . Zomba : DANIDA/ Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs . State of the Environment Study No. 9
   Google Scholar
• Kalk , M. Lake Chilwa and the biology of the plankton-eating fish “matemba” Barbus paludinosus . Problems of natural resources in Malawi. International Biological Programme, report of inaugural science conference, July 25th and 26th . Malawi. pp. 21 – 23 . University of Malawi .
   Google Scholar
• King , M. 1995 . Fisheries biology, assessment and management , Oxford : Fishing News Books .
   Google Scholar
• Kirk , RG. 1979 . The fishes of Lake Chilwa . Society of Malawi Journal , 20 : 35 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Laevastu , T and Favorite , F . 1988 . Fishing and stock fluctuation , Farnham : Fishing News Books .
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster , N. 1979 . “ The physical environment of Lake Chilwa ” . In Lake Chilwa: studies of change in tropical ecosystem. Monographiae Biologicae , Edited by: Kalk , M , McLachlan , A J and Howard-William , C . Vol. 35 , 17 – 39 . The Hague : W Junk .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , D SC and Tweddle , D . 1990 . “ Breeding seasonality in some commercially important trawl-caught species in southern Lake Malawi ” . In Collected reports on fisheries research in Malawi. Occasional Papers 1 , Edited by: Pitcher , T J and Hollingworth , C E . 23 – 36 . London : Overseas Development Administration .
   Google Scholar
• Mloza-Banda , HR. 1999 . “ Evaluation of the impact of burning of the marshes on the productivity of Lake Chilwa ecosystem ” . Zomba : DANIDA/Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs . State of the Environment Study No. 12
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , A and Kalk , M . 1970 . Seasonal changes in the waters of Lake Chilwa (Malawi) in a drying phase 1966–68 . Hydrobiologia , 36 : 81 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Msiska , OV. 2001 . “ A review of limnology of ” . In Limnology in developing countries , Edited by: Wetzel , R G and Gopal , B . Vol. 3 , 121 – 189 . New Delhi, , Malawi : International Science Publications, and Societas Internationalis Limnologiae .
   Google Scholar
• Njaya , FJ. 2001 . “ Review of management measures for Lake Chilwa, Malawi: final report 2001 ” . Iceland : United Nations university fisheries training programme .
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds , J D , Jennings , S and Dulvy , N K . 2001 . “ Life histories of fishes and population responses to exploitation ” . In Conservation of exploited species , Edited by: Reynolds , J D , Mace , G M , Redford , K H and Robinson , J G . 148 – 168 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Saka , JDK. 1999 . “ Chemical pollution in the Lake Chilwa Basin ” . Zomba : DANIDA/Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs . State of the Environment Study No. 16
   Google Scholar
• Snyder , DE. 1983 . “ Fish eggs and larvae ” . In Fisheries techniques , Edited by: Nielsen , L A and Johnson , D M . 65 – 189 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Sparre , P , Ursin , E and Venema , S C . 1989 . Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment—Part 1: manual . FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 306.1. , Rome: FAO
   Google Scholar
• Turner , G. 1996 . “ Maximization of yields from African lakes ” . In Stock assessment in inland fisheries , Edited by: Cowx , I G . 465 – 482 . London : Fishing News Books .
   Google Scholar
• van Zwieten , P AM and Njaya , F . 2003 . “ Environmental variability, effort development, and the regenerative capacity of fish stocks in Lake Chilwa, Malawi ” . In Management, co-management or no management: major dilemmas in southern Africa freshwater fisheries—2: case studies. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 426/2 , Edited by: Jul-Larsen , E , Kolding , J , Overa , R , Raakjaer , N J and van Zwieten , P AM . 100 – 131 . Rome : FAO .
   Google Scholar
• Vicentini , R N and Araujo , F G . 2003 . Sex ratio and size structure of Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) in Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . Brazilian Journal of Biology , 4 : 559 – 566 .
   Google Scholar