Mid-pregnancy androgen levels are negatively associated with breastfeeding

References

• Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS. How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet. 2003;362:65–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, Naylor AJ, O'Hare D, Schanler RJ, Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005;115:496–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schack-Nielsen L, Michaelsen KF. Advances in our understanding of the biology of human milk and its effects on the offspring. J Nutr. 2007;137:503S–10S.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer MS, Fombonne E, Igumnov S, Vanilovich I, Matush L, Mironova E, ; Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group. Effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child behavior and maternal adjustment: evidence from a large, randomized trial. Pediatrics, 2008;121:e435–440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer MS, Matush L, Vanilovich I, Platt RW, Bogdanovich N, Sevkovskaya Z, ; PROBIT Study Group. Effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child height, weight, adiposity, and blood pressure at age 6.5 y: evidence from a large randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:1717–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer MS, Vanilovich I, Matush L, Bogdanovich N, Zhang X, Shishko G, The effect of prolonged and exclusive breast-feeding on dental caries in early school-age children. New evidence from a large randomized trial. Caries Res. 2007;41:484–88.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer MS, Matush L, Vanilovich I, Platt R, Bogdanovich N, Sevkovskaya Z, ; Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group. Effect of prolonged and exclusive breast feeding on risk of allergy and asthma: cluster randomised trial. BMJ. 2007;335:815.
   Google Scholar
• Scott JA, Binns CW. Factors associated with the initiation and duration of breastfeeding: a review of the literature. Breastfeed Rev. 1999;7:5–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingram JC, Woolridge MW, Greenwood RJ, McGrath L. Maternal predictors of early breast milk output. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:493–99.
   Google Scholar
• Biggs JS, Hacker N, Andrews E, Munro C. Bromocriptine, methyl testosterone and placebo for inhibition of physiological lactation: a controlled study. Med J Aust. 1978;2:23–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Gezelle H, Dhont M, Thiery M, Parewyck W. Puerperal lactation suppression and prolactin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1979;58:469–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochenour NK. Lactation suppression. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1980;23:1045–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sir-Petermann T, Maliqueo M, Angel B, Lara HE, Perez-Bravo F, Recabarren SE. Maternal serum androgens in pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: possible implications in prenatal androgenization. Hum Reprod. 2002;17:2573–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanky E, Isaksen H, Moen MH, Carlsen SM. Breastfeeding in polycystic ovary syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87:531–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsen SM, Jacobsen G, Romundstad P. Maternal testosterone levels during pregnancy are associated with offspring size at birth. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155:365–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakketeig LS, Jacobsen G, Hoffman HJ, Lindmark G, Bergsjø P, Molne K, Pre-pregnancy risk factors of small-for-gestational age births among parous women in Scandinavia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1993;72:273–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lande B, Andersen LF, Baerug A, Trygg KU, Lund-Larsen K, Veierød MB, Infant feeding practices and associated factors in the first six months of life: the Norwegian infant nutrition survey. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:152–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsen SM, Jacobsen G, Bjerve KS. Androgen levels in pregnant women decrease with increasing maternal age. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2003;63:23–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess HE, Shousha S. An immunohistochemical study of the long-term effects of androgen administration on female-to-male transsexual breast: a comparison with normal female breast and male breast showing gynaecomastia. J Pathol. 1993;170:37–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korkia P, Stimson GV. Indications of prevalence, practice and effects of anabolic steroid use in Great Britain. Int J Sports Med.1997;18:557–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrakakis C, Zhou J, Wang J, Belanger A, LaBrie F, Cheng C, A physiologic role for testosterone in limiting estrogenic stimulation of the breast. Menopause. 2003;10:292–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somboonporn W, Davis SR Testosterone effects on the breast. implications for testosterone therapy for women. Endocr Rev. 2004;25:374–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeners B, Rath W, Kuse S, Neumaier-Wagner P. Breast-feeding in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. J Perinat Med. 2005;33:553–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acromite MT, Mantzoros CS, Leach RE, Hurwitz J, Dorey LG. Androgens in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:60–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsen SM, Romundstad P, Jacobsen G. Early second trimester hyperandrogenemia and subsequent preeclampsia: a prospective study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;84:117–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamalekis E, Bakas P, Vitoratos N, Eleptheriadis M, Creatsas G. Androgen levels in the third trimester of pregnancy in patients with preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006;126:16–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labrie F, Luu-The V, Bélanger A, Lin SX, Simard J, Pelletier G, Is dehydroepiandrosterone a hormone? J Endocrinol. 2005;187:169–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xita N, Tsatsoulis A. Review: fetal programming of polycystic ovary syndrome by androgen excess: evidence from experimental, clinical, and genetic association studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:1660–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar