References
- Simpson W J. A preliminary report on cigarette smoking and the incidence of prematurity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1957; 73: 808–15
- Kullander S, Källén B. A prospective study of smoking and pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1971; 50: 83–94
- Hemminki K, Mutanen P, Salomemi I. Smoking and the occurrence of congenital malformations and spontaneous abortions. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1976; 83: 621–7
- Sandahl B. Smoking habits and spontaneous abortion. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1989; 31: 23–31
- Kleinman J C, Pierre M B, Jr, Madans J H, Land G H, Schramm W F. The effects of maternal smoking on fetal and infant mortality. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 127: 274–82
- Cnattingius S, Haglund B, Meirik O. Cigarette smoking as risk factor for late fetal and early neonatal death. Brit Med J 1988; 297: 258–61
- Brooke O G, Anderson H R, Bland J M, Peacock J L, Stewart C M. Effects on birth weight of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, socioeconomic factors, and psychological stress. Brit Med J 1989; 298: 795–801
- Cnattingius S, Ericson A, Gunnarskog J, Källén B. A quality study of a medical birth registry. Scand J Soc Med 1990; 18: 143–8
- Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1959; 32: 719–48
- Miettinen O S. Simple interval estimation of risk ratio. Am J Epidemiol 1974; 100: 515–6
- Ericson A, Eriksson M, Källén B, Zetterström R. Socio‐economic variables and pregnancy outcome. Birthweights in singletons. Acta Paediatr Scand, Suppl. 1989; 360: 48–55
- Ericson A, Eriksson M, Källén B, Zetterström R. Socio‐economic variables and pregnancy outcome. 2. Infant and child survival. Acta Paediatr Scand 1990; 79: 1009–16
- Johnston C. Cigarette smoking and the outcome of human pregnancies: a status report on the consequences. Clin Toxicol 1981; 18: 189–209
- Meyer M B, Jonas B S, Tonascia J A. Perinatal events associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 1976; 103: 464–76
- Yerushalmy J. The relationship of parents' cigarette smoking to outcome of pregnancy—implications as to the problem of inferring causation from observed associations. Am J Epidemiol 1971; 93: 443–56
- Kullander S, Källén B, Sandahl B. Exposure to drugs and other possibly harmful factors during the first trimester of pregnancy. Comparison of two prospective studies performed in Sweden 10 years apart. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1976; 55: 395–405
- Ericson A, Källén B, Westerholm P. Cigarette smoking as an etiologic factor in cleft lip and palate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 135: 348–351
- Ahlborg G, Jr. Epidemiological studies on occupational factors and pregnancy outcome. Linköping University Medical Dissertations No. 309, ISSN 0346–7821. Arbete och Hälsa 1990; 14: 1–65