10
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Urinary incontinence and related urogenital symptoms in elderly women

Pages 1-22 | Published online: 03 Aug 2009

References

  • Andersch B, Milsom I. An epidemiologic study of young women with dysmenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144: 655–60
  • Andersen J T., Bradley W E. Abnormalities of detrusor and sphincter function in multiple sclerosis. Br J Urol 1976; 48: 193–8
  • Bartlett J G., Onderdonk A B., Drude E, Goldstein C, Anderka M, Alpert S, McCormack W M. Quantitative bacteriology of the vaginal flora. J Infect Dis 1977; 136: 271–7
  • Bates P, Bradley W E., Glen E, Griffiths D, Melcior H, Rowan D, Sterling A M., Zimmer N, Hald T. Standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function. Urology 1977; 9(2)237–41
  • Bengtsson C. Ischemic heart disease in women. Acta Med Scand 1973; 549: 1–128, (Suppl)
  • Berg G, Gottqall T, Hammar M, Lindgren R. Climacteric symptoms among women aged 60–62 in Linköping, Sweden, in 1986. Maturitas 1988; 10: 193–9
  • Borglin N E. Effect of estriol on the female genital tract. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1959; 38: 157–71
  • Borrie M J., Campbell A J., Caradoc-Davies T, Spears G F S. Urinary incontinence after stroke: A prospective study. Age and Ageing 1986; 15: 177–81
  • Bradley W E. Autonomic neuropathy and the genitourinary system. J Urol 1978; 119: 299–302
  • Brandberg Å, Mellström D, Samsioe G. Low dose oral estriol treatment in elderly women with urogenital infections. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987, Suppl 140: 33–8
  • Brazda J F. Washington Report on Medicine and Health, 1947. McGraw-Hill, New York 1983
  • Brocklehurst J C., Dillane J B., Griffiths L, Fry J. The prevalence and symptomatology of urinary infection in an aged population. Geront Clin 1968; 10: 242–53
  • Brocklehurst J C., Fry J, Griffiths L L., Kalton G. Dysuria in old age. J Am Geriatr SOC 1971; 19: 582–90
  • Brocklehurst J C., Andrews K, Andrews B, Laycock P J. Incidence and correlates of incontinence in stroke patients. J Am Geriatr SOC 1985; 33: 540–2
  • Campbell A J., Reinken J, McCosh L. Incontinence in the elderly: Prevalence and prognosis. Age and Ageing 1985; 14: 65–70
  • Cardozo L. Role of estrogens in the treatment of female urinary incontinence. J Am Geriatr SOC 1990; 38: 3268
  • Cohen L. Influence of pH on vaginal discharges. Br J Vener Dis 1969; 45: 241–7
  • Cohen M S., Colleen S, Mårdh P A. Mucosal defences. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, K K. Holmes, P A. Mårdh, P F. Sparling. McGraw-Hill, New York 1984; 173–83
  • Diokno A C., Brock B M., Brown M B., Herzog A R. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and other urological symptoms in the non-institutionalized elderly. J Urol 1986; 136: 1022–5
  • DuBeau C E., Resnick M. Evaluation of the causes and severity of geriatric incontinence. Urol Clin N Am 1991; 18(2)243–56
  • Dwyer P L., Lee E T C, Hay D M. Obesity and urinary incontinence in women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1988; 95: 91–6
  • Eastwood H D H. Urodynamic studies in the measurement of urinary incontinence in the elderly. Age and Ageing 1979; 8: 41–8
  • Ekelund P, Rundgren Å. Urinary incontinence in the elderly with implications for hospital care consumption and social disability. Arch Geront Geriatr 1987; 6: 11–8
  • Ekelund P, Bergstrom H, Milsom I, Norlén L, Rignell S. Quantification of urinary incontinence in elderly women with 48-hour pad test. Arch Geront Geriatr 1988; 7: 281–8
  • Elving L B., Foldspang A, Lam G W., Mommsen S. Descriptive epidemiology of urinary incontinence in 3,100 women age 30–59. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1989, Suppl 125: 37–43
  • Englund D. Oestrogen treatment of the menopause. Acta Universitatis Uppsaliensis 1979; 335
  • Fall M, Frankenberg S, Frisén M, Larsson M, Petrén M. Prevalensen av urininkontinens i Sverige. Läkartidningen 1985; 88: 2054–6
  • Farghaly S A., Hindmarsh J R., Worth P H L. Post-hysterectomy urethral dysfunction: evaluation and management. Br J Urol 1986; 58: 299
  • Feneley R C., Shephard A M., Powell P H., Blannin J. Urinary incontinence:prevalence and needs. Br J Urol 1979; 51: 493–6
  • Grimby A, Milsom I, Molander U, Wiklund I, Ekelund P. The influence of urinary incontinence on the quality of life in elderly women. Age Ageing 1993; 22: 82–9
  • Hagstad A. Den mogna kvinnans gynekologi och sexualitet-en epidemiologisk studie. Institutionen för Obstretik och Gynekologi, Sahlgrenska sjukhuset, Göteborgs universitet 1985
  • Hagstad A, Janson P O. The epidemiology of climacteric symptoms. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1986, Suppl 134: 59–65
  • Hahn I, Milsom I, Fall M, Ekelund P. Long-term results of pelvic floor training in female stress urinary incontinence. Br J Urol 1992, In Press
  • Heimer G M. Estriol in the postmenopause. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987, Suppl 139: 5–20
  • Hellström L, Ekelund P, Milsom I, Mellström D. The prevalence of urinary incontinence and use of incontinence aids in 85-years-old men and women. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 1–7
  • Herzog A R., Brock B M., Fultz N H., Brown M E., Diokno A C. Urinary incontinence and psychological distress among older adults. Psychology and Aging 1988; 3(2)115–21
  • Hilton P, Stanton S L. Algorithmic method for assessing urinary incontinence in elderly women. Brit Med J 1981; 282: 940–942
  • Hu T W. Impact of urinary incontinence on health-care costs. J Am Geriatr SOC 1990; 38: 292–5
  • Ingelman-Sundberg A, Rosén J, Gustafsson S A., Carlström K. Cytosol estrogen receptors in the urogenital tissues in stress-incontinent women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1981; 60: 585–6
  • Iosif C S., Batra S, Ek A, Åstedt B. Estrogen receptors in the human lower urinary tract. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981; 141: 817–20
  • Losif C S., Henriksson L, Ulmsten U. The frequency of disorders of the lower urinary tract, urinary incontinence in particular as evaluated by a questionnaire survey in a gynecological health control population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1981; 60: 71–6
  • Iosif C S., Ingemarsson I. Prevalence of stress incontinence among woen delivered by elective cesarian section. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1982; 20: 87–9
  • Iosif C, Bekassy Z. Prevalence of genito-urinary symptoms in the late menopause. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1984; 63: 257–60
  • Isaacs B, Walkey F A. A survey of incontinence in elderly hospital patients. Geront Clin 1964; 6: 367–76
  • Jolleys J. Reported prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in a general practice. Brit Med J 1988; 296: 1300–2
  • Jorm A F., Korten A E., Henderson A S. The prevalence of dementia: A quantatative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 76: 465–79
  • Judge T D G. The use of quinestradiol in elderly incontinent women: a preliminary report. Gerontol Clin 1969; 11: 159–64
  • Kauppila A, Alavaikko P, Kujansuu E. Detrusor instability score in the evaluation of stress urinary incontinence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1982; 61: 137–41
  • Kicovic P M., Cortes-Prieto J, Milojevic S, Haspels A A., Aljinovic A. The treatment of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy with Ovestin vaginal cream or suppositories: Clinical, endocrinological and safety aspects. Maturitas 1980; 2: 275–82
  • Klevmark B. The urinary frequency-volume chart-its parameters, diagnostic prototypes and use for control of treatment. Nord Med 1987; 102: 340–2
  • Koss L G. Diagnostic Cytology and its histopathologic bases. JB Lippincott Co., Philadelphia 1975
  • Larsson G, Victor A. Micturition patterns in a healthy female population, studied with a frequency/volume chart. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1988, Suppl. 114
  • Luisi M, Franchi F, Kicovic P M. Group comparative study of effects of Ovestin cream versus Premarin cream in postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy. Maturitas 1980; 2: 311–9
  • Mantel N. Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom: extensions of the Mantel-Haenzel procedure. J Am Stat Assoc 1963; 58: 690
  • Mattsson L Å, Cullberg G. A clinical evaluation of treatment with estriol vaginal cream versus suppository in post-menopausal women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1983; 62: 397–401
  • McCue J D. Gram-negative bacillary bacteremia in the elderly: Incidence, Ecology, Etiology and Mortality. J Am Geriatr SOC 1987; 35: 213–8
  • McGrother C W., Castleden C M., Duffin H, Clarke M. A profile of disordered micturition in the elderly at home. Age and Ageing 1987; 16: 105–10
  • McKinlay S M., Jeffreys M. The menopausal syndrome. Br J Prevent SOC Med 1974; 28: 108–15
  • Milne J S., Williamson J, Made M M., Wallace E T. Urinary symptoms in older people. Modern Geriatrics 1972; 3: 198–212
  • Milne J S. Prevalence of incontinence in the elderly age groups. Incontinence in the elderly, F L. Willington. Academic Press, London 1976
  • Milsom I, Nilsson L Å, Brandberg Å, Ekelund P, Mellström D, Eriksson O. Vaginal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in postmenopausal women: influence of oestriol therapy. Maturitas 1991; 13: 129–35
  • Milsom I, Fall M, Ekelund P. Urininkontinens en kostnadskrävande folksjukdom. Läkartidningen 1992; 89: 1772–4
  • Milsom I, Arvidsson L, Ekelund P, Molander U, Eriksson O. Factors influencing vaginal cytology, pH and bacterial flora in elderly women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993a; 72: 286–91
  • Milsom I, Ekelund P, Molander U, Arvidsson L, Areskoug B. The influence of age, parity, oral contraception, hysterectomy and the menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women. J Urol 1993b; 149: 1459–62
  • Miodrag A, Ekelund P, Burton R, Castleden C M. Tamoxifen and partial oestrogen agonism in postmenopausal women. Age Ageing 1991; 20: 524
  • Molander U, Ekelund P, Mellströs M D., Milsom I, Fogelberg M, Norlen L. Neurological examination of elderly women under investigation for urinary incontinence. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1989; 9: 77–85
  • Molander U, Milsom I, Ekelund P, Mellström D. An epidemiological study of urinary incontinence and related urogenital symptoms in elderly women. Maturitas 1990a; 12: 51–60
  • Molander U, Milsom I, Ekelund P, Mellström D, Eriksson O. Effect of oral estriol on vaginal flora and cytology and urogenital symptoms in the post-menopause. Maturitas 1990b; 12: 113–20
  • Molander U, Milsom I, Ekelund P, Arvidsson L, Eriksson O. A health care programme for the investigation and treatment of elderly women with urinary incontinence and related urogenital symptoms. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1991; 70: 137–42
  • Musiani U. A partially successful attempt at medical treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women. Urol Int 1972; 27: 405–10
  • Mäkinen J I., Grönroos M, Kiilholma P J A, Tenho T T., Pirhonen J P., Erkkola R U. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in a randomized population of 5247 adult finnish women. Int Urogynecol J 1992; 3: 110–3
  • Nilsson L V., Persson G. Prevalence of mental disorders in an urban sample examined at 70, 75 and 79 years of age. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1984; 69: 519–27
  • Nilsson L. Sexuality in the elderly. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985, Suppl 140: 52–7
  • Nordqvist P, Ekelund P, Edouard L, Svensson M L., Brandberg Å, Seeberg S. Catheter-free geriatric care. Routines and consequences for clinical infection, care and economy. J Hosp Inf 1984; 5: 298–304
  • Norlén L J., Blaivas J G., Gäbel H. Cystopathy in patients with severe diabetic nephropathy. Diab Nephrop 1983; 2: 17–21
  • Norton P A., MacDonald L D., Sedgewich P M., Stanton S L. Distress and delay associated with urinary incontinence, frequence and urgency in women. Brit Med J 1988; 297: 1187–9
  • Nygaard I, Delancey J O L, Arnsdorf L, Murphy E. Exercise and incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 848–51
  • Odén A, Wedel H. Arguments for Fishers permutation test. Ann Stat 1975; 3: 518–20
  • O'Flynn J D. Early and late management of the neuropathic bladder in spinal cord injuries. J Urol 1978; 120: 726–8
  • Osborne N G., Wright R C., Grubin L. Genital bacteriology: A comparative study of premenopausal women with postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 135: 195–8
  • Ouslander J G., Kane R L., Abrass I B. Urinary incontinence in elderly nursing home patients. JAMA 1982; 248(10)1194–9
  • Papanicolaou G N. Details on a cytological staining technique. Science 1942; 95: 438–9
  • Resnick N M., Yalla S V., Laurino E. The pathophysiology of urinary incontinence among institutionalized elderly persons. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1
  • Rud T. The effects of estrogens and gestagens on the urethral pressure profile in urinary continent and stress incontinent women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1980; 59: 265–70
  • Rundgren Å. Människans funktionella åldrande. Studentlitteratur, Lund 1991
  • Salmon U L., Walter R I., Gast S H. The use of estrogens in the treatment of dysuria and incontinence in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1941; 42: 845–7
  • Samsioe G, Jansson I, Mellström D, Svanborg A. The occurence, nature and treatment of urinary incontinence in a 70 year old population. Maturitas 1985; 7: 335–42
  • Sarrel P M. Sexuality in the middle years. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 1987; 14: 49–62
  • Sharr M M., Garfield J S., Jenkins J D. Lumbar spondylosis and neuropathic bladder; investigation of 73 patients with chronic urinary symptoms. BMJ 1976; I: 695–7
  • Sier H, Ouslander J, Orzeck S. Urinary incontinence among geriatric patients in an acute-care hospital. JAMA 1987; 257(13)1767–71
  • Smith P, Heimer G, Norgren U, Ulmsten U. Steroid hormone receptors in pelvic muscles and ligaments in Women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1990; 30: 27–30
  • Stamey T A. The role of introital enterobacteria in recurrent urinary infections. J Urol 1973; 109: 467–72
  • Stanton S L., Cardozo L D. Surgical treatment of incontinence in elderly women. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1980; 150: 555–7
  • Svanborg A. Seventy-year-old people in Göteborg. A population study in an industrialized Swedish city. 11 General presentation of a social and medical condition. Acta Med Scand 1977, Suppl 611: 5–37
  • Teasdale T A., Taffet G E., Luchi R J. Urinary incontinence in a community-residing elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 600–6
  • Thomas T M., Plymat K R., Blannin J, Meade T W. Prevalence of urinary incontinence. Brit Med J 1980; 281: 1243–5
  • Trevoux R, van der Velden W H M, Popovic D. Ovestin vaginal cream and suppositories for treatment of menopausal vaginal atrophy. Reproduccion 1982; 6: 101–6
  • Ulmsten U, Stormby N. Evaluation of the urethral mucosa before and after oestrogen treatment in postmenopausal women with a new sampling technique. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1987; 24: 208–11
  • Vehkalahti I, Kivelä S L. Urinary incontinence and its correlates in very old age. Gerontology 1985; 31: 391–6
  • Vetter N J., Jones D A., Victor C R. Urinary incontinence in the elderly at home. Lancet 1981; 1275–7
  • Victor A, Larsson G, Åsbrink A S. A simple patient-administered test for objective quantitation of symptom of urinary incontinence. Scand J Urol Neprol 1987; 21: 277–9
  • Walter S, Wolf H, Barlebo H, Jensen H K. Urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women treated with estrogens. A double-blind clinical trial. Urol Int 1978; 33: 13543
  • Warrell D. Age-related genito-urinary changes. Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1988; 2(2)261–7
  • Wyman J F., Harkins S W., Cho S S., Taylor J R., Fantl A. Psychological impact of urinary incontinence in women. Obstet Gynecol 1987; 70: 378–81
  • Wyman J F., Sung C C., Harkins S W., Wilson M S., Fantl J A. The urinary diary in evaluation of incontinent women: A test-retest analysis. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71(6)812–7
  • Yarnell J W G, St Leger A S. The prevalence, severity and factors associated with urinary incontinence in a random sample of the elderly. Age and Ageing 1979; 8: 81–5

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.