Marine n-3 fatty acid and calcium intake in relation to pregnancy induced hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm delivery: A case-control study

References

• Olsen S F, Hansen H S, Sorensen T IA, et al. Intake of marine fat, rich in (n-3)-polyunsaturated fatty acids, may increase birthweight by prolonging gestation in humans. Lancet 1986; ii: 367–9
   Google Scholar
• Andersen H J, Andersen L F, Fuchs A-R. Diet, pre-eclamp-sia, and intrauterine growth retardation (letter). Lancet 1989; i: 1146
   Google Scholar
• Olsen S F, Olsen J, Frische G. Does fish consumption during pregnancy increase fetal growth? A study of the size of the newborn, placental weight and gestational age in relation to fish consumption during pregnancy. Int J Epidemiol 1990; 19: 971–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen S F, SØRensen J D, Secher N J, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fish-oil supplementation on pregnancy duration. Lancet 1992; 339: 1003–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen S F. Marine n-3 fatty acids ingested in pregnancy as a possible determinant of birth weight: a review of the current epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15: 399–413
   Google Scholar
• Olsen S F. Further on the association between retarded foetal growth and adult cardiovascular disease. Could low intake of marine diets be a common cause?. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47: 565–9
   Google Scholar
• Secher N J, Olsen S F. Fish-oil and pre-eclampsia. Br J Ob-stet Gynaecol 1990; 97: 1077–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sorensen J D, Olsen S F, Pedersen A K, Boris J, Secher N J., Fitzgerald G A. Effects of fish oil supplementation in the third trimester of pregnancy on prostacyclin and thromboxane production. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 915–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams M A., Zingheim R W, King I B, Zebelman A M. Omega-3 fatty acids in maternal erythrocytes and risk of preeclampsia. Epidemiology 1995; 6: 232–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appel L J, Miller E R., Seidler A J, et al. Does supplementation of diet with ‘fish oil’ reduce blood pressure? A metaanalysis of controlled clinical trials. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 1429–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belizan J M., Villar J. The relationship between calcium intake and edema-, proteinuria-, and hypertension-gestosis; an hypothesis. Am J Clin Nutr 1980; 33: 2202–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moiler E J, GallØE A M., Bro H, Simonsen K, Nielsen P E. Calciumindtagelse og hypertension. Ugeskr La-ger 1987; 149: 2519–22, [Calcium intake and hypertension.] (in Danish with English summary.)
   Google Scholar
• Kawasaki N, Matsui K., Masaharu I, et al. Effect of calcium supplementation on the vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II in pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153: 576–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BelizÁN J M., Villar J, Zalazar A, Rojas L, Chan D, Bryce G F. Preliminary evidence of the effect of calcium supplementation on blood pressure in normal pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 146: 175–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcoux S., Brisson J., Fabia J. Calcium intake from dairy products and supplements and the risks of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 1266–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belizan J M., Villar J., Gonzalez L, Campodonico L, Bergel E. Calcium supplementation to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1399–405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Jaramillo P, Narvaez M, Weigel R, Yepez R. Calcium supplementation reduces the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension in an Andes population. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 96: 648–55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lopez-Jaramillo P, Narvaez M, Felix C, Lopez A. Dietary calcium supplementation and prevention of pregnancy hypertension. Lancet 1991; 335: 293
   Google Scholar
• Villar J., Repke J T. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy may reduce preterm delivery in high-risk populations”. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 1124–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohan T E., Potter J D. Retrospective assessment of dietary intake. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120: 876–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byers T, Marshall J., Anthony E, Fiedler R, Zielezny M. The reliability of dietary history from the distant past. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125: 999–1011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedenreich C M, Slimani N., Riboli E. Measurement of past diet: Review of previous and proposed methods. Epidemiol Rev 1992; 14: 177–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain M., Howe G R, Johnson K C, Miller A B. Evaluation of diet history questionnaire for epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 111: 212–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown-Eyssen G E., Yeung K S., Bright-See E. Assessment of past diet in epidemiologic studies. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124: 94–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen F E, De Vet H CW, Hayes R B, Van Staveren W A, West C E., Hautvast J GAJ. An assessment of the relative validity of retrospective interviewing for measuring dietary intake. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 118: 752–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willett W C, Sampson L, Browne M L, et al. The use of a self-administered questionnaire to assess diet four years in the past. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 127: 188–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TjØNneland A, Overvad K., HaraldsdÓTtir J., Bang S., Ewertz M, Jensen O M. Validation of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire developed in Denmark. Int J Epidemiol 1991; 20: 906–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willett W C, Sampson L, Stampfer M J, et al. Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 122: 51–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen S F, Hansen H S, SandstrÖM B, Jensen B. Erythrocyte levels compared with reported dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women. Br J Nutr 1995; 73: 387–95
   Google Scholar
• HaraldsdÓTtir J, Holm L., Jensen J H, Moller A. Danskernes kostvaner. 1985, I. Hovedresultater. [Dietary habits in Denmark 1985; I. Main results.] (In Danish with English summary.) Publication No 136. Danish National Food Agency 1986
   Google Scholar
• Overvad K, TjØNneland A, Haraldsdottir J, Ewertz M., Jensen O M. Development of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire to assess food, energy and nutrient intake in Denmark. Int J Epidemiol 1991; 20: 900–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamper-JØRgensen F, Enevoldsen B, Michelsen N, Friis-HaschÉ E. Sociale klassifikationer; I. Oversigt, begreber og valgkriterier. Ugeskr Laeger 1980; 142: 472–7, [Social classifications. I Review, conceptions and criteria of choice.] (In Danish with English summary.)
   Google Scholar
• Kamper-JØRgensen F, Enevoldsen B, Michelsen N, Friis-HaschÉ E. Sociale klassifikationer; II. Svalastoga's indde-ling efter social status rangorden og socialforskningsinsti-tuttets socialgruppeinddeling. Ugeskr Læger 1980; 142: 544–50, [Social classifications. II. Svalastoga's subdivision according to social status rank and the social grouping employed by the Institute for Social Research.] (In Danish with English summary.)
   Google Scholar
• Rudnicki P M, Frolich A, Larsen U IB. Indtagelsen af mslk blandt gravide samt dennes betydning for indtagelsen af calcium og fedtstoffer. Ugeskr Læger 1991; 153: 2178–80, [Consumption of milk by pregnant women and the significance of this for the intake of calcium and fats.] (In Danish with English summary.)
   Google Scholar