References
- Sdano MT, Pensak ML. Temporal bone encephaloceles. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;13:287–9.
- Lundy LB, Graham MD, Kartush JM, LaRouere MJ. Temporal bone encephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Am J Otol 1996;17:461–9.
- Sanna M, Fois P, Russo A, Falcioni M. Management of meningoencephalic herniation of the temporal bone: personal experience and literature review. Laryngoscope 2009;119:1579–85.
- Kari E, Mattox DE. Transtemporal management of temporal bone encephaloceles and CSF leaks: Review of 56 consecutive patients. Acta Otolaryngol 2011;131:391–4.
- Brainard L, Chen DA, Aziz KM, Hillman TA. Association of benign intracranial hypertension and spontaneous encephalocele with cerebrospinal fluid leak. Otol Neurotol 2012;33:1621–4.
- Goddard JC, Meyer T, Nguyen S, Lambert PR. New considerations in the cause of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Otol Neurotol 2010;31:940–5.
- Wanna G, Young JA, Swanson E, Haynes D. Spontaneous otogenic posterior fossa pneumocephalus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010;143:593–4.
- Mohammed EL, Profant M. Spontaneous otogenic pneumocephalus. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 2011;131:670–4.
- Schuknecht HF, Zaytoun GM, Moon CN. Adult-onset fluid in the tympanomastoid compartment. Diagnosis and management. Arch Otolaryngol 1982;108:759–65.
- Briant TD, Bird R. Extracranial repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae. J Otolaryngol 1982;11:191–7.
- Wetmore SJ, Herrmann P, Fisch U. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Am J Otol 1987;8:96–102.
- Gacek RR. Evaluation and management of temporal bone arachnoid granulations. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;118:327–32.
- Langman AW, Chu FW, Lindeman RC. Spontaneous posterior fossa cerebrospinal fluid leak. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;108:192–5.
- Welge-Luessen A, Probst R. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea in the posterior fossa as a rare cause of adult bacterial meningitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;130:375–7.
- Rao AK, Merenda DM, Wetmore SJ. Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. Otol Neurotol 2005;26:1171–5.
- Lee MH, Kim HJ, Lee IH, Kim ST, Jeon P, Kim KH. Prevalence and appearance of the posterior wall defects of the temporal bone caused by presumed arachnoid granulations and their clinical significance: CT findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1704–7.
- Nadaraja GS, Monfared A, Jackler RK. Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak through the posterior aspect of the petrous bone. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2012;73:71–5.
- Carlson ML, Copeland WR, Driscoll CL, Link MJ, Haynes DS, Thompson RC, et al. Temporal bone encephalocele and cerebrospinal fluid fistula repair utilizing the middle cranial fossa or combined mastoid-middle cranial fossa approach. J Neurosurg 2013;119:1314–22.
- VandeVyver V, Lemmerling M, De Foer B, Casselman J, Verstraete K. Arachnoid granulations of the posterior temporal bone wall: imaging appearance and differential diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:610–12.
- Lloyd KM, DelGaudio JM, Hudgins PA. Imaging of skull base cerebrospinal fluid leaks in adults. Radiology 2008;248:725–36.