References
- Albers, D. (1954) Eine Studie uber die Funktion der Halswirbelsaule bei dorsaler und ventraler Flexion. Fortschr. Rontgenstr, 81, p. 606.
- Albrecht, P. (1878) Uber einen Processus odontoides des Atlas bei den urodelen Amphibien. Cbl. med. Wiss., 16, p. 577.
- Albrecht, P. (1878) Uber das zwischen dem Basi-Occipitale und dem Basi-Post-Sphenoid liegende Basi-Oticum. Cbl. med. Wiss., 16, p. 593.
- Albrecht, P. (1879) Die Epiphysen und die Amphiomphalie der Saugetierwirbelkorper. Zool. Anz., 2, p. 12.
- Alslev, J. (1954) Eine seltene Fehlbildung des Atlas. Fortschr. Rontgenstr, 81, p. 411.
- Bakke, S. N. (1931) Rontgenologische Beobachtungen uber die Bewegungen der Wirbelsaule. Acta radiol., p. 75.
- Barbosa-Sueiro, M. B. (1926) Sur l'osselet odontoidien de l'axis humain. C. R. Assoc. Anat., 21, p. 135.
- Beauvieux, J. and Beauvieux, Y. J. (1952) Anthropologisches System der Cranio-Cervicalgegend. Bull. Soc. Anthropol. Paris, 10, p. 213.
- Bevan
- Braus, H. (1929) Anatomie des Menschen., Springer, Berlin
- Brocher, J. E. W. (1955) Die Occipito-Cervicalgegend, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart
- Buetti-Bauml, C. (1954) Funktionelle Rontgendiagnostik der HWS, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart
- Coutts, M. B. (1934) Atlanto-epistr. subluxations. Arch. Surg., 29, p. 297.
- Dankmeijer, J. and Rethmeier, B. J. (1943) The lateral movements in the atlanto-axial joints and its clinical significance. Acta radiol., 24, p. 55.
- Ford, R. (1952) Syncope, vertigo and disturbances of vision resulting from intermittent obstruction of the vertebral arteries due to defect in the odontoid process and excessive mobility of the second cervical vertebra. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp., 91, p. 12.
- Grimme, H. (1904) Anomalien der Halswirbelsaule nach den in dem anatomischen Institut in Gottingen gesammelten Praparaten, Diss. Gottingen
- Hadley, Lee A. (1944) Roentgenographic studies of the cervical spine. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 52, p. 173.
- Hohl, K. (1959) Das Os odontoideum (partielle Densaplasie). Fortschr. Rontgenstr, 91, p. 518.
- Hovelacqe
- McIvie, J. K. (1946) Congenital absence of the odontoid process. Radiology, 46, p. 268.
- Jones, R. W. (1934) Spontaneous subluxation of atlanto-axial joint. Brit. J. Surg., 16, p. 30.
- Kohler, A. and Zimmer, E. A. (1953) Grenzen des Normalen und Anfange des Pathologischen im Rontgenbild des Skeletts, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart
- Kuhne, K. (1932) Die Vererbung der Variationen der menschlichen Wirbelsaule. Z. Morphol. Anthropol., 30, p. 1.
- Kuhne, K. (1934) Symmetrieverhaltnisse und die Ausbreitungszentren in der Variabilitat der regionale Grenzen der Wirbelsaule des Menschen. Z. Morphol. Anthropol., 34, p. 191.
- Double, A. F. le (1903) Traite des variations des os du crane de l'homme, Vigot Freres, Paris
- Double, A. F. le (1912) Traite des variations de la colonne vertebrale de l'homme au point de vue de l'anthropologique zoologique, Vigot Freres, Paris
- List, C. F. (1941) Neurologic syndromes accompanying developmental anomalies of occipital bone, atlas and axis. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat., 45, p. 577.
- Lombard, P. and Gernissel, le (1939) Luxation congenitale de l'atlas par malformation axoidienne. Rev. Orthop., 26, p. 135.
- Lombard, P. , Munera, G. and Blanc, Y. (1945) Luxation atloido-axoidienne pure de nature traumatique liee a l'absence de la dent de l'axis. Rev. Orthop., 31, p. 179.
- Ludwig, K. S. (1957) Die Fruhentwicklung des Atlas und der Occipitalwirbel beim Menschen. Acta anat., 30, p. 444.
- Maclister, A. (1893) Notes on the development and variations of the atlas. J. Anat. Physiol., 27, p. 519.
- McRae, D. L. (1953) Bony abnormalities in the region of the foramen magnum. Correlation of the anatomic and neurologic findings. Acta radiol., 40, p. 335.
- McRae, D. L. (1960) The significance of abnormities of the cervical spine. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 84, p. 3.
- Maurer, H. -J. (1957) Zur Frage einer Apophyse an der Spitze des Dens axis. Fortschr. Rontgenstr, 87, p. 127.
- Miyakawa, G. (1952) Congenital absence of the odontoid process. Case report. J. Bone Jt Surg., 34, p. 676.
- Mollier
- Oppenheimer, A. and Turner, E. L. (1937) Discogenetic disease of cervical spine with segmental neuritis. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 37, p. 484.
- Papillault, P. (1900) Sur les angles de la base du crane
- Pratt-Thomas, H. R. and Berger, K. E. (1947) Cerebellar and spinal injuries after chiropractic manipulation. J. Amer. med. Ass., 133, p. 600.
- Rausch, W. (1952) Veranderungen am unteren Nackengelenk und ihre klinische Bedeutung. Fortschr. Rontgenstr, 76, p. 595.
- Roberts, S. M. (1933) Congenital absence of the odontoid process resulting in dislocation of the atlas on the axis. J. Bone Jt Surg., 15, p. 988.
- Rossler, G. and Schmeiser, A. (1958) Die altersabhangige Beteiligung der Segmente am Bewegungsablauf der HWS. Z. Aiternsforsch., 12, p. 171.
- Scannell, R. C. (1945) Congenital absence of the odontoid process. Case report. J. Bone Jt Surg., 27, p. 714.
- Schultz, A. H. (1961) Vertebral column. Primatologie, p. 5:1. S. Karger, Basel
- Ff Jr., E. Schultz , Levy, R. W. and Russo, P. E. (1956) Agenesis of the odontoid process. Radiology, 67, p. 102.
- Smith, G. E. (1907) On a case of fusion of the atlas and axis. Anat. Anz., 31, p. 166.
- Solovay, J. and Brice, G. B. (1960) Laminagraphy in the follow-up of fractures of the odontoid process. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 83, p. 645.
- Stiefel, D. M. (1950) Congenital absence of the odontoid process. Report of a case. J. Bone Jt Surg., 32, p. 946.
- Teplick, J. G. , Steinberg, St. and Adelman, B. P. (1960) Congenital absence of the odontoid process. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 83, p. 653.
- Watson-Jones, R. (1952) Fractures and joint injuries, E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh and London
- Weiler, H. G. (1942) Congenital absence of odontoid process of axis with atlanto-axial dislocation. J. Bone Jt Surg., 24, p. 161.
- Whitley, J. E. and Forsyth, H. F. (1960) The classification of cervical spine injuries. Amer. J. Roentgenol., 83, p. 633.